General Ontologies - Semantic Scholar

General Ontologies

11/30/2009

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Ontological Engineering

Asunción Gómez Pérez Gómez-Pérez

Mariano Fernández-López Fernández López

Oscar Corcho

{asun, mfernandez, ocorcho}@fi.upm.es Grupo de Ontologías Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Facultad de Informática Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Campus de Montegancedo sn, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain

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Top-level Ontologies

-Sowa’s top-level ontology -Cyc’s upper ontology -The Standard Upper Ontology (SUO)

Sowa’s top-level ontology

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Sowa’s top-level ontology

http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm

11/30/2009

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Cyc’s Upper Ontology

http://www.cyc.com/cycdoc/upperont-diagram.html 11/30/2009

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Suggested Upper Merged Ontology  1000

terms, 4000 axioms, 750 rules

 Mapped •

by hand to all of WordNet 1.6 16

then ported to 3.0

 Development 

begun in 2000

US Government small business grant

 Associated

domain ontologies totalling 20,000 terms and 70,000 axioms

 Free •

SUMO is owned by IEEE but basically public domain

•

Domain ontologies are released under GNU

•

www.ontologyportal.org

SUMO (continued)  Formally

defined defined, not dependent on a particular implementation  Open source toolset for browsing and inference  http://sigmakee.sourceforge.net

 Many

uses of SUMO (independent of the SUMO authors and funders)  http://www.ontologyportal.org/Pubs.html

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Modular structure of SUMO

http://virtual.cvut.cz/kifb/en/toc/229.html

Linguistic Ontologies -WordNet -EuroWordNet -The Generalized Upper Model -The Mikrokosmos ontology -SENSUS

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A partial view of the category of nouns of WordNet

Links between different elements of EuroWordNet

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First levels of GUM hierarchies

Mikrokosmos class taxonomy (from Mahesh and Nirenburg, 1995)

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SENSUS ontology building process, by extracting and merging information from existing electronic resources

Domain Ontologies -E-commerce ontologies: UNSPSC, NAICS, SCTG, e-cl@ss, RosettaNet

-Medical ontologies: NIF, OBO, Biositemaps, Bioportal -Engineering ontologies: EngMath, PhysSys -Enterprise ontologies: Enterprise Ontology, TOVE -Chemistry ontologies: Chemicals, Ions, environmental pollutants

-Knowledge management ontologies: (KA)2 ontologies, KM ontologies for R&D projects

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Part of the classification of UNSPSC for computer equipment

Partial view of the SCTG classification

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Part of the classification of e-cl@ss for electrical engineering products (German and English)

Partial view of the RosettaNet classification

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Equivalence relationships between the RosettaNet and UNSPSC classifications (Corcho and Gómez-Pérez, 2001)

GALEN CORE top-level ontology

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Part of the Semantic Network of the UMLS ontology

A significant subset of the inclusion network of the ON9 library of ontologies

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Structure of the EngMath ontologies

Structure of the PhysSys ontologies

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Partial view of the taxonomy of the Enterprise Ontology

Structure of the TOVE ontologies

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Relationship between the chemistry ontologies described in this section and other ontologies in the Ontolingua Server

Information, domain and enterprise ontologies in a corporate memory for a research and development laboratory

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Main ad hoc relationships between KM ontologies for R&D projects

Fragment of the documentation ontology of R&D projects

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