Graduate Category: Humanities and Arts Degree Level: Master of ...
Graduate Category: Humanities and Arts Degree Level: Master of Architecture Abstract ID # 641
DISASTER HOUSING SYSTEM EVERY YEAR MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WORLDWIDE ARE FORCIBLY DISPLACED BY DISASTERS
This research and proposal seeks to bring dignity and respect to these refugees and internally displaced persons whose identities as the forcibly displaced now dictate their lives. The focus of this proposal is to introduce a housing system that goes beyond the archaic notion of shelter in addressing immediate housing needs, and simultaneously acts as a foundation piece to an efficient and organic camp growth and urbanization. The Disaster Housing System offers an individual housing solution for its occupants through its kit of parts system; which forms the housing unit module allowing it occupants to adjust, adapt, aggregate, and transport their units with time and as needs change. This kit of parts system and module also reinforces a framework for the community to grow in a systematic fashion that embraces the nature of informal development. Ultimately the goal is to offer victims of disaster a sense of normalcy and opportunity through the intervention of adequate and appropriate housing and community.
conflict induced disasters climatically induced disasters
20
RE
SPO
N S E, R E LI
E
F, &
‘05
‘07
‘09
PROVIDING SHELTER IS NOT ENOUGH, ESPECIALLY WHEN THE SHELTER PROVIDED IS INADEQUATE. THERE IS THE POTENTIAL TO BRING DIGNITY BACK TO THOSE R & F, WHO ARE IN THE MOST VULNERABLE OF POSITIONS. E I L
‘11
‘13
WITH
LOCAL MATERIALS
SELF SETTLED AND PLANNED
SANCTIONED
CAMPS
TENTS
INN O
IVE DE VAT
UNHCR LED
PREFAB SHELTERS
ACTION
XP
R
REXPLO DE
MAKE SHELTER PERMANENT
STAY
IN CAMP
CO
UPGRADE SHELTER
N C EPT
HOME
NATIVE STATE
ORIGINAL LOCATION WITHIN STATE
REPATRIATE
RESETTLE LOCAL SPONSORING INTEGRATION STATE
LEAVE
[NEW] HOST STATE
CAMP
N
DISASTER
UNHCR
UN
SAME SHELTER
SELF BUILD
HOST GOV’T ACTION
ER Y
DEALING WITH DISASTERS
R
‘03
L O R AT I O
RELOCATE INDIVIDUAL ACCOMODATIONS
NEW SETTLEMENT
A
Apply preferred/appropriate exterior siding
B
Infill cavity with insulation
C
Install plumbing and wiring
D
Install lighting
E
Upgrade to climate specific roofing
F
Upgrade flooring
BACKGROUND AND DATA
‘01
MASS SHELTER
AND MIT N O I IGA T C TIO U D E
D E C 8’
ER Y
OV
EC
F
B
The shelter is assembled in three phases. The first phase is to be employed in the critical period immediately after a disaster. Phase one provides a quicker assembly with four walls and a roof. The second phase offers added structure and foundation, with a floor and helical foundation piles. The unit can be assembled starting with phase two, if conditions permit. The last phase is to transition the unit into a customized home. The unit can be adapted to the need of the inhabitant and the environment.
A 12’
12’
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
IMMEDIATE SHELTER
TRANSITIONAL HOUSING
PHASE 3
PERMANENT HOME
16’ 12’
LEARNING FROM ARCHITECTURE
12’ 12’ 12’ 8’ 12’ 12’ 12’ 12’ 12’ 12’ 12’
12’
16’ 12’ 12’ 12’ 8’ 12’ 12’ 12’ 12’
16’
12’ 12’ 12’
U-SHAPE AGGREGATION
8’ 12’
C
D
A
Hollow core results in lightweight pieces
B
Edge profiling allows for connection with complimentary pieces
C
Aluminum material provides strength and with durability
D
Pieces come in a variety of sizes and thicknesses
The framework created by the housing units and their foundation system provides the camp with a tool for an appropriately dense urbanization. This results in the accommodation of more displaced persons within the camp, a greater efficiency in neighborhood planning of both housing and amenities, and a sense of order in a developing new city created by and for those who have been displaced by chaos.
12’ 12’ 16’
COURTYARD AGGREGATION
PERIOD 1
CAMP START: some participatory organization
PERIOD 2
CAMP GROWTH: increasing ability for participation
PERIOD 3
URBAN DEVELOPMENT: individuals direct growth
Thanhthuy Pham Bui
The house was built as a MOMA exhibit using an aluminum frame as its structure. This allowed the design to be flexible and the building to be lightweight.
B
CONCLUSION
The Cellophane House was designed by the architecture firm Kieran Timberlake with the intention of both ease of assembly and disassembly.
THE ALUMINUM FRAME
DATA AND RESULTS
A
12’
VERTICAL AGGREGATION
The 12x12 modular frame also allows for the option of aggregation. The units can be aggregated horizontally and vertically, creating the opportunity for inhabitants to grow their own personal space, organize their units in a communal and family oriented manner, and to densify the camp in an orderly manner.
12’
HORIZONTAL AGGREGATION
R
RR ISK
‘99
N SIG
ASTER DIS
S
N S E, R E
‘97
E
N
SA
SPO
TE
‘95
The dynamic frame allows the proposed housing unit to act as a simple yet sophisticated disaster housing system. The aluminum frame provides a lightweight yet durable structure that is easy to package, ship, deploy, assemble, and aggregate. The existing system of aluminum pieces accommodates attachment pieces, such as wall and roof panels. The panels can be added to, upgraded, and completely replaced as needs change.
DEVELOPMENT.
RE
‘93
‘13
A HOUSING SYSTEM WITH A DYNAMIC FRAME
IS NECESSARY TO APPROACH DISASTER RESPONSE AND RELIEF NOT ONLY AS AN OPERATION AS RELATED TO DISPLACEMENT BUT AS A PROCESS OF URBAN
R
‘12
THE UNHCR CERTIFIED TENT HAS A 6 MONTH LIFE SPAN; THE AVERAGE STAY OF A REFUGEE IN A CAMP IS 12 YEARS
IT ION AND MITIG T A C TIO U D E
DEALING WITH DISASTERS
‘11
x200
12 years
12 years
PRICE PER: 2000 usd max
‘10
AS
MANUFACTURER AND/OR DESIGNER: shigeru ban
‘09
THE TENT IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON HOUSING OPTIONS AFTER A DISASTER
The implications of a disaster will always outlive the life of the event.
MASS CENTRE
AREA: 144 square feet
‘08
DIS
MATERIAL: paper tube roll, beer crates, plywood, plastic sheeting, woven bamboo, etc.
climateinduced
15
A more long-term outlook is necessary when dealing with disasters.
x40
PAPER LOG HOUSE
5
D RE
BARRACK
PRICE PER: 7500 usd; 1000 usd mass production
30
REFUGEES & IDPS
MANUFACTURER AND/OR DESIGNER: ikea and refugee housing unit
refugees
ASTER DIS
AREA: 188 square feet
The largest groups of concern for UNHCR are refugees and idps. Refugees are those who have fled and officially been granted asylum outside their country of origin. IDPs are those that have fled their homes but seek refuge within their country of origin.
10
conflictinduced
N
x5
2 years
MATERIAL: steel frame, polymer foam panels, and aluminum and polyolefin
UNIT
IKEA REFUGEE HOUSING UNIT
Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
15
OV
x6
PRICE PER: 100 usd
other (836,052)
idps
EC
TENT
MANUFACTURER AND/OR DESIGNER: various manufacturers
asylum seekers (1,168,273)
25
R
x6
AREA: 52 square feet
stateless persons (3,469,235) returnees (1,770,596)
both
The current process of dealing with disasters leans towards providing immediate and temporary solutions after a disaster hits, but what is needed are preparatory and recovery plans. The force of devastation as caused by a disaster should be weakened while the ability to respond and recover should be strengthened.
TARP
6 months
MATERIAL: aluminum frame, and plastic tarp
UNHCR PERSONS OF CONCERN
NUMBERS OF IDPS AND REFUGEES IN MILLIONS PER YEAR
IDPS AND REFUGEES IN MILLIONS PER YEAR
UNHCR STANDARD TENT
refugees (11,699,638)
internally displaced persons (23,925,555)
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees is the leading agency for international coordination and action to protect those of concern who have become forcibly displaced. They work as the lead coordinator and/or in coordination with governing bodies and non governmental organizations.
TYPE OF DISASTER
45
TE
UNHCR
DISASTER RIS K
ABSTRACT
Every year disasters induced by conflict and climate will cause millions to fall victim to their forces, consequently increasing the existent population of the forcibly displaced worldwide. The majority of those affected by these disasters already lead highly vulnerable lives, so when a disaster strikes they are seemingly left hopeless. The current systems of disaster response are unfortunately inadequate in responding to both the immediate and long term needs of this vulnerable population.
DISASTER HOUSING SYSTEM EVERY YEAR MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WORLDWIDE ARE FORCIBLY DISPLACED BY DISASTERS
This research and proposal seeks to bring dignity and respect to these refugees and internally displaced persons whose identities as the forcibly displaced now dictate their lives. The focus of this proposal is to introduce a housing system that goes beyond the archaic notion of shelter in addressing immediate housing needs, and simultaneously acts as a foundation piece to an efficient and organic camp growth and urbanization. The Disaster Housing System offers an individual housing solution for its occupants through its kit of parts system; which forms the housing unit module allowing it occupants to adjust, adapt, aggregate, and transport their units with time and as needs change. This kit of parts system and module also reinforces a framework for the community to grow in a systematic fashion that embraces the nature of informal development. Ultimately the goal is to offer victims of disaster a sense of normalcy and opportunity through the intervention of adequate and appropriate housing and community.
conflict induced disasters climatically induced disasters
20
RE
SPO
N S E, R E LI
E
F, &
‘05
‘07
‘09
PROVIDING SHELTER IS NOT ENOUGH, ESPECIALLY WHEN THE SHELTER PROVIDED IS INADEQUATE. THERE IS THE POTENTIAL TO BRING DIGNITY BACK TO THOSE R & F, WHO ARE IN THE MOST VULNERABLE OF POSITIONS. E I L
‘11
‘13
WITH
LOCAL MATERIALS
SELF SETTLED AND PLANNED
SANCTIONED
CAMPS
TENTS
INN O
IVE DE VAT
UNHCR LED
PREFAB SHELTERS
ACTION
XP
R
REXPLO DE
MAKE SHELTER PERMANENT
STAY
IN CAMP
CO
UPGRADE SHELTER
N C EPT
HOME
NATIVE STATE
ORIGINAL LOCATION WITHIN STATE
REPATRIATE
RESETTLE LOCAL SPONSORING INTEGRATION STATE
LEAVE
[NEW] HOST STATE
CAMP
N
DISASTER
UNHCR
UN
SAME SHELTER
SELF BUILD
HOST GOV’T ACTION
ER Y
DEALING WITH DISASTERS
R
‘03
L O R AT I O
RELOCATE INDIVIDUAL ACCOMODATIONS
NEW SETTLEMENT
A
Apply preferred/appropriate exterior siding
B
Infill cavity with insulation
C
Install plumbing and wiring
D
Install lighting
E
Upgrade to climate specific roofing
F
Upgrade flooring
BACKGROUND AND DATA
‘01
MASS SHELTER
AND MIT N O I IGA T C TIO U D E
D E C 8’
ER Y
OV
EC
F
B
The shelter is assembled in three phases. The first phase is to be employed in the critical period immediately after a disaster. Phase one provides a quicker assembly with four walls and a roof. The second phase offers added structure and foundation, with a floor and helical foundation piles. The unit can be assembled starting with phase two, if conditions permit. The last phase is to transition the unit into a customized home. The unit can be adapted to the need of the inhabitant and the environment.
A 12’
12’
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
IMMEDIATE SHELTER
TRANSITIONAL HOUSING
PHASE 3
PERMANENT HOME
16’ 12’
LEARNING FROM ARCHITECTURE
12’ 12’ 12’ 8’ 12’ 12’ 12’ 12’ 12’ 12’ 12’
12’
16’ 12’ 12’ 12’ 8’ 12’ 12’ 12’ 12’
16’
12’ 12’ 12’
U-SHAPE AGGREGATION
8’ 12’
C
D
A
Hollow core results in lightweight pieces
B
Edge profiling allows for connection with complimentary pieces
C
Aluminum material provides strength and with durability
D
Pieces come in a variety of sizes and thicknesses
The framework created by the housing units and their foundation system provides the camp with a tool for an appropriately dense urbanization. This results in the accommodation of more displaced persons within the camp, a greater efficiency in neighborhood planning of both housing and amenities, and a sense of order in a developing new city created by and for those who have been displaced by chaos.
12’ 12’ 16’
COURTYARD AGGREGATION
PERIOD 1
CAMP START: some participatory organization
PERIOD 2
CAMP GROWTH: increasing ability for participation
PERIOD 3
URBAN DEVELOPMENT: individuals direct growth
Thanhthuy Pham Bui
The house was built as a MOMA exhibit using an aluminum frame as its structure. This allowed the design to be flexible and the building to be lightweight.
B
CONCLUSION
The Cellophane House was designed by the architecture firm Kieran Timberlake with the intention of both ease of assembly and disassembly.
THE ALUMINUM FRAME
DATA AND RESULTS
A
12’
VERTICAL AGGREGATION
The 12x12 modular frame also allows for the option of aggregation. The units can be aggregated horizontally and vertically, creating the opportunity for inhabitants to grow their own personal space, organize their units in a communal and family oriented manner, and to densify the camp in an orderly manner.
12’
HORIZONTAL AGGREGATION
R
RR ISK
‘99
N SIG
ASTER DIS
S
N S E, R E
‘97
E
N
SA
SPO
TE
‘95
The dynamic frame allows the proposed housing unit to act as a simple yet sophisticated disaster housing system. The aluminum frame provides a lightweight yet durable structure that is easy to package, ship, deploy, assemble, and aggregate. The existing system of aluminum pieces accommodates attachment pieces, such as wall and roof panels. The panels can be added to, upgraded, and completely replaced as needs change.
DEVELOPMENT.
RE
‘93
‘13
A HOUSING SYSTEM WITH A DYNAMIC FRAME
IS NECESSARY TO APPROACH DISASTER RESPONSE AND RELIEF NOT ONLY AS AN OPERATION AS RELATED TO DISPLACEMENT BUT AS A PROCESS OF URBAN
R
‘12
THE UNHCR CERTIFIED TENT HAS A 6 MONTH LIFE SPAN; THE AVERAGE STAY OF A REFUGEE IN A CAMP IS 12 YEARS
IT ION AND MITIG T A C TIO U D E
DEALING WITH DISASTERS
‘11
x200
12 years
12 years
PRICE PER: 2000 usd max
‘10
AS
MANUFACTURER AND/OR DESIGNER: shigeru ban
‘09
THE TENT IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON HOUSING OPTIONS AFTER A DISASTER
The implications of a disaster will always outlive the life of the event.
MASS CENTRE
AREA: 144 square feet
‘08
DIS
MATERIAL: paper tube roll, beer crates, plywood, plastic sheeting, woven bamboo, etc.
climateinduced
15
A more long-term outlook is necessary when dealing with disasters.
x40
PAPER LOG HOUSE
5
D RE
BARRACK
PRICE PER: 7500 usd; 1000 usd mass production
30
REFUGEES & IDPS
MANUFACTURER AND/OR DESIGNER: ikea and refugee housing unit
refugees
ASTER DIS
AREA: 188 square feet
The largest groups of concern for UNHCR are refugees and idps. Refugees are those who have fled and officially been granted asylum outside their country of origin. IDPs are those that have fled their homes but seek refuge within their country of origin.
10
conflictinduced
N
x5
2 years
MATERIAL: steel frame, polymer foam panels, and aluminum and polyolefin
UNIT
IKEA REFUGEE HOUSING UNIT
Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
15
OV
x6
PRICE PER: 100 usd
other (836,052)
idps
EC
TENT
MANUFACTURER AND/OR DESIGNER: various manufacturers
asylum seekers (1,168,273)
25
R
x6
AREA: 52 square feet
stateless persons (3,469,235) returnees (1,770,596)
both
The current process of dealing with disasters leans towards providing immediate and temporary solutions after a disaster hits, but what is needed are preparatory and recovery plans. The force of devastation as caused by a disaster should be weakened while the ability to respond and recover should be strengthened.
TARP
6 months
MATERIAL: aluminum frame, and plastic tarp
UNHCR PERSONS OF CONCERN
NUMBERS OF IDPS AND REFUGEES IN MILLIONS PER YEAR
IDPS AND REFUGEES IN MILLIONS PER YEAR
UNHCR STANDARD TENT
refugees (11,699,638)
internally displaced persons (23,925,555)
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees is the leading agency for international coordination and action to protect those of concern who have become forcibly displaced. They work as the lead coordinator and/or in coordination with governing bodies and non governmental organizations.
TYPE OF DISASTER
45
TE
UNHCR
DISASTER RIS K
ABSTRACT
Every year disasters induced by conflict and climate will cause millions to fall victim to their forces, consequently increasing the existent population of the forcibly displaced worldwide. The majority of those affected by these disasters already lead highly vulnerable lives, so when a disaster strikes they are seemingly left hopeless. The current systems of disaster response are unfortunately inadequate in responding to both the immediate and long term needs of this vulnerable population.
