grApHS, TAblES ANd bAr CHArTS - UN-Habitat
THE STATE OF ASIAN CITIES 2010/11
g r a p hs , ta b l es an d b a r cha r ts Table 2.1: Urban share in total population, 1990-2030 (%) Region
1990
2000
2009
2010*
2020*
2030*
World
42.6
46.4
50.1
50.5
54.4
59.0
Asia
31.5
36.8
41.7
42.2
47.2
52.9
Oceania/Pacific
70.7
70.4
70.2
70.2
70.4
71.4
Europe
69.8
70.8
72.5
72.8
75.4
78.4
North America
75.4
79.1
81.9
82.1
84.6
86.7
Latin America and the Caribbean
70.3
75.5
79.3
79.6
82.6
84.9
Africa
32.1
36.0
39.6
40.0
44.6
50.0
* Projections. Source: United Nations (2010)
Table 2.13: Population distribution in Asia, 2010* Size class of cities
Population
Urban population (%)
Number of agglomerations
Combined population (1,000s)
11
184 642
5 to 10 million
20
145 062
8
1 to 5 million
191
372 490
21
0.5 to 1 million
275
190 525
11
Fewer than 500 000
..
864 595
49
Total urban
-
1 757 314
-
10 million or more
Total rural
11
2 409 427
Total
-
4 166 741
* Projections. Source: United Nations (2010)
This first-ever State of Asian Cities Report 2010/11 is a collaborative effort between UN-HABITAT and the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), and the United Cities and Local Governments – Asia-Pacific Regional Section (UCLG-ASPAC) United Nations Human Settlements Programme
n
P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi 00100, Kenya n Tel: +254 20 762 3151 n Fax: +254 20 762 4060 n E-mail: [email protected] n Website: www.unhabitat.org
Table 3.1: Gross domestic product per head: growth rates in major regions, 1990-2005 (%) Region
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
Asia and the Pacific
1.4
2.6
4.4
Africa
-1.2
1.8
2.3
Europe
0.3
2.8
1.9
Latin America and the Caribbean
1.6
1.5
1.4
North America
1.1
3.0
1.4
Rest of the world
2.0
1.4
2.1
World
0.7
2.2
2.3
Source: ESCAP (2010b)
Chart 3.4: Foreign direct investment, 2000-2007 (US $ billion) 180 160 140 120 Asia
100
Europe and Central Asia
80
Latin America
60
Rest of the world
40 20 0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: World Bank (2008a, 46)
Chart 3.5: Urban areas – share in gross domestic product, Asia and the Pacific, 2008 100.0 90.0
85.5
80.0
75.5
83.5 71.0
70.0
Percentage
87.0
84.5
80.5
62.5
60.0 50.0
47.0
46.5 42.0
40.0
32.5
30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0
East and North-East Asia
South-East Asia
Urban share of GDP
South and South-west Asia
North and Central Asia
Pacific
Asia
Urban Population
Source: Computed from ESCAP (2010)
SOAC/10/Graph 1
This is a UN-HABITAT feature/backgrounder. Please feel free to publish or quote from this article provided UN-HABITAT features is given credit. Suitaable photographs are available on our website. For more Information, please contact: Spokesperson & Head Press & Media Relations Unit, Tel: +254 20 7623153/3151; Fax: +254 20 7624060; E-mail: [email protected]
Chart 3.6: Contribution of exports to GDP, 1990 and 2007 (%) Nepal India Bangladesh Sri Lanka Indonesia 1990
China Philippines
2007
Republic of Korea Average Cambodia Thailand Viet Nam
0
20
40
60
80
100
Source: Asian Development Bank (2008)
Table 3.4: Asia’s top 20 cities for gross domestic product Ranking
City/Urban area
Country
GDP (US $ bn)
GDP per head (US $)
1
Singapore
Singapore
161
37,597
2
Hong Kong
China
244
35,159
3
Tokyo
Japan
1,191
33,835
4
Osaka/Kobe
Japan
341
30,177
5
Seoul
Republic of Korea
218
22,602
6
Bangkok
Thailand
89
13,499
7
Shanghai
China
139
9,586
8
Beijing
China
99
9,238
9
Ho Chi Min City
Viet Nam
40
7,935
10
Jakarta
Indonesia
98
7,424
11
Bangalore
India
48
7,080
12
Hanoi
Viet Nam
30
7,073
13
Mumbai
India
126
6,923
14
Pune
India
32
6,829
15
Bandung
Indonesia
28
6,685
16
Kolkata
India
94
6,573
17
Wuhan
China
40
6,542
18
Ahmedabad
India
34
6,364
19
Hyderabad
India
40
6,359
20
Chengdu
China
22
6,342
Source: www.citymayors.com/statistics, and for Singapore data: www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/themes/economy
SOAC/10/Graph 1
This is a UN-HABITAT feature/backgrounder. Please feel free to publish or quote from this article provided UN-HABITAT features is given credit. Suitaable photographs are available on our website. For more Information, please contact: Spokesperson & Head Press & Media Relations Unit, Tel: +254 20 7623153/3151; Fax: +254 20 7624060; E-mail: [email protected]
Table 3.5: Asia’s top-ranking financial centres
Chart 4.2: Poverty in Asia, 1990-2005 70
Hong Kong
3
60
Singapore
4
Shenzhen
5
Tokyo
7
Shanghai
10
Beijing
22
Taipei
24
Seoul
35
Osaka
38
Kuala Lumpur
45
Mumbai
53
Bangkok
60
Jakarta
62
Source: City of London (2009)
% of total population below $ 1.25
World Ranking
City
50 40 30 20 10 0
1990
1996
2002
2007
Source: ESCAP (2008)
Table 4.5: Slum population in Asia and the Pacific subregions, 2010 (projections) Region
Urban population (1,000s)
Slum population (1,000s)
Urban population living in slums (%)
Eastern Asia
671 795
189 621
28.2
Southern Asia
545 766
190 748
35.0
South Eastern Asia
286 579
88 912
31.0
Western Asia
145 164
35 713
24.6
2 306
556
24.1
1 651 610
505 550
30.6
Oceania/Pacific Asia-Pacific Source: UN-HABITAT (2010)
Figure 5.7: Land area less then 20m above sea level in Asia (vulnerable areas appear in red)
Source: Brooks, N., R. Nicholls, & J. Hall. ‘Sea-Level Rise: Coastal Impacts and Responses’, Wissenschaftler Beirat der Bundesregierung 2006. http://www.wbgu.de/wbgu_sn2006_ex03.pdf SOAC/10/Graph 1
This is a UN-HABITAT feature/backgrounder. Please feel free to publish or quote from this article provided UN-HABITAT features is given credit. Suitaable photographs are available on our website. For more Information, please contact: Spokesperson & Head Press & Media Relations Unit, Tel: +254 20 7623153/3151; Fax: +254 20 7624060; E-mail: [email protected]
g r a p hs , ta b l es an d b a r cha r ts Table 2.1: Urban share in total population, 1990-2030 (%) Region
1990
2000
2009
2010*
2020*
2030*
World
42.6
46.4
50.1
50.5
54.4
59.0
Asia
31.5
36.8
41.7
42.2
47.2
52.9
Oceania/Pacific
70.7
70.4
70.2
70.2
70.4
71.4
Europe
69.8
70.8
72.5
72.8
75.4
78.4
North America
75.4
79.1
81.9
82.1
84.6
86.7
Latin America and the Caribbean
70.3
75.5
79.3
79.6
82.6
84.9
Africa
32.1
36.0
39.6
40.0
44.6
50.0
* Projections. Source: United Nations (2010)
Table 2.13: Population distribution in Asia, 2010* Size class of cities
Population
Urban population (%)
Number of agglomerations
Combined population (1,000s)
11
184 642
5 to 10 million
20
145 062
8
1 to 5 million
191
372 490
21
0.5 to 1 million
275
190 525
11
Fewer than 500 000
..
864 595
49
Total urban
-
1 757 314
-
10 million or more
Total rural
11
2 409 427
Total
-
4 166 741
* Projections. Source: United Nations (2010)
This first-ever State of Asian Cities Report 2010/11 is a collaborative effort between UN-HABITAT and the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), and the United Cities and Local Governments – Asia-Pacific Regional Section (UCLG-ASPAC) United Nations Human Settlements Programme
n
P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi 00100, Kenya n Tel: +254 20 762 3151 n Fax: +254 20 762 4060 n E-mail: [email protected] n Website: www.unhabitat.org
Table 3.1: Gross domestic product per head: growth rates in major regions, 1990-2005 (%) Region
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
Asia and the Pacific
1.4
2.6
4.4
Africa
-1.2
1.8
2.3
Europe
0.3
2.8
1.9
Latin America and the Caribbean
1.6
1.5
1.4
North America
1.1
3.0
1.4
Rest of the world
2.0
1.4
2.1
World
0.7
2.2
2.3
Source: ESCAP (2010b)
Chart 3.4: Foreign direct investment, 2000-2007 (US $ billion) 180 160 140 120 Asia
100
Europe and Central Asia
80
Latin America
60
Rest of the world
40 20 0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: World Bank (2008a, 46)
Chart 3.5: Urban areas – share in gross domestic product, Asia and the Pacific, 2008 100.0 90.0
85.5
80.0
75.5
83.5 71.0
70.0
Percentage
87.0
84.5
80.5
62.5
60.0 50.0
47.0
46.5 42.0
40.0
32.5
30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0
East and North-East Asia
South-East Asia
Urban share of GDP
South and South-west Asia
North and Central Asia
Pacific
Asia
Urban Population
Source: Computed from ESCAP (2010)
SOAC/10/Graph 1
This is a UN-HABITAT feature/backgrounder. Please feel free to publish or quote from this article provided UN-HABITAT features is given credit. Suitaable photographs are available on our website. For more Information, please contact: Spokesperson & Head Press & Media Relations Unit, Tel: +254 20 7623153/3151; Fax: +254 20 7624060; E-mail: [email protected]
Chart 3.6: Contribution of exports to GDP, 1990 and 2007 (%) Nepal India Bangladesh Sri Lanka Indonesia 1990
China Philippines
2007
Republic of Korea Average Cambodia Thailand Viet Nam
0
20
40
60
80
100
Source: Asian Development Bank (2008)
Table 3.4: Asia’s top 20 cities for gross domestic product Ranking
City/Urban area
Country
GDP (US $ bn)
GDP per head (US $)
1
Singapore
Singapore
161
37,597
2
Hong Kong
China
244
35,159
3
Tokyo
Japan
1,191
33,835
4
Osaka/Kobe
Japan
341
30,177
5
Seoul
Republic of Korea
218
22,602
6
Bangkok
Thailand
89
13,499
7
Shanghai
China
139
9,586
8
Beijing
China
99
9,238
9
Ho Chi Min City
Viet Nam
40
7,935
10
Jakarta
Indonesia
98
7,424
11
Bangalore
India
48
7,080
12
Hanoi
Viet Nam
30
7,073
13
Mumbai
India
126
6,923
14
Pune
India
32
6,829
15
Bandung
Indonesia
28
6,685
16
Kolkata
India
94
6,573
17
Wuhan
China
40
6,542
18
Ahmedabad
India
34
6,364
19
Hyderabad
India
40
6,359
20
Chengdu
China
22
6,342
Source: www.citymayors.com/statistics, and for Singapore data: www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/themes/economy
SOAC/10/Graph 1
This is a UN-HABITAT feature/backgrounder. Please feel free to publish or quote from this article provided UN-HABITAT features is given credit. Suitaable photographs are available on our website. For more Information, please contact: Spokesperson & Head Press & Media Relations Unit, Tel: +254 20 7623153/3151; Fax: +254 20 7624060; E-mail: [email protected]
Table 3.5: Asia’s top-ranking financial centres
Chart 4.2: Poverty in Asia, 1990-2005 70
Hong Kong
3
60
Singapore
4
Shenzhen
5
Tokyo
7
Shanghai
10
Beijing
22
Taipei
24
Seoul
35
Osaka
38
Kuala Lumpur
45
Mumbai
53
Bangkok
60
Jakarta
62
Source: City of London (2009)
% of total population below $ 1.25
World Ranking
City
50 40 30 20 10 0
1990
1996
2002
2007
Source: ESCAP (2008)
Table 4.5: Slum population in Asia and the Pacific subregions, 2010 (projections) Region
Urban population (1,000s)
Slum population (1,000s)
Urban population living in slums (%)
Eastern Asia
671 795
189 621
28.2
Southern Asia
545 766
190 748
35.0
South Eastern Asia
286 579
88 912
31.0
Western Asia
145 164
35 713
24.6
2 306
556
24.1
1 651 610
505 550
30.6
Oceania/Pacific Asia-Pacific Source: UN-HABITAT (2010)
Figure 5.7: Land area less then 20m above sea level in Asia (vulnerable areas appear in red)
Source: Brooks, N., R. Nicholls, & J. Hall. ‘Sea-Level Rise: Coastal Impacts and Responses’, Wissenschaftler Beirat der Bundesregierung 2006. http://www.wbgu.de/wbgu_sn2006_ex03.pdf SOAC/10/Graph 1
This is a UN-HABITAT feature/backgrounder. Please feel free to publish or quote from this article provided UN-HABITAT features is given credit. Suitaable photographs are available on our website. For more Information, please contact: Spokesperson & Head Press & Media Relations Unit, Tel: +254 20 7623153/3151; Fax: +254 20 7624060; E-mail: [email protected]
