habitats of south america habitats of south america
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HABITATS OF SOUTH AMERICA INTRODUCTION & CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary • Use descriptions to determine word meaning: What do the words webbed feet mean in this book? Let’s look for clues for the meaning of these words on page 5. (help them swim with skill; special feet; slow them down on dry land)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: The average temperature in the rain forest is . . . (80° F, 27° C), page 4) • Identify facts and details: What is the top section of the rain forest called? (the emergent layer, page 9)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
LEVEL O/34
busiest layer M
roof of the rain forest
• Identify cause and effect: Because tall trees block out the sun’s rays, the forest floor . . . (has little light, page 5) • Identify cause and effect: How do groups of ants help plants survive? (When the ants nest inside the plants, they leave behind food; plants would not survive without food. page 6)
M
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension the canopy habitat
M
the temperature is cooler
M
• Make inferences: Information about jaguars tells us that they are . . . (Answer: good hunters; Clues/Evidence: Their spotted coats blend in with the forest’s flowers and bushes; they have strong vision; this allows them to stalk their prey after dark. page 5) • Identify main idea: What is the first paragraph on page 8 mainly about? Use a semantic web for help in answering the question. (Answer: the canopy layer of the rain forest; Clues/Evidence: It is the roof of the rain forest; it is the busiest layer; the temperature is a bit cooler; there is more light than down below.)
more light
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Evaluate author’s purpose: The author probably included the last paragraph in the Introduction to . . . (tell readers what the book will be about, page 3) • Evaluate author’s purpose: Why do you think the author included the information in the Everyday Science on page 9? (to show how useful the rain forest is)
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Page 2
CHAPTER 2 Vocabulary • Use synonyms to determine word meaning: What does the word ledges mean in this book? Let’s look for clues for the meaning of this word on page 14. (shelves)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: What do chinchillas feast on? Use a semantic web for help in answering the question. (seeds, herbs, fruit, and moss, page 13) • Identify facts and details: What do condors eat? (animals that are already dead, page 15) seeds
herbs
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
M
M
• Compare and contrast: How might wild camels look different from camels that you have seen before? (They are smaller, they don’t have humps, their hearts and lungs are large. page 11) • Identify cause and effect: Condors do not use their claws for hunting because . . . (their claws are dull, page 15)
chinchillas feast on
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension
M
fruit
M
moss
• Identify main idea: The last two sentences on page 13 are mostly about . . . (Answer: how chinchillas escape predators; Clues/Evidence: They leap away on powerful hind legs; they hide inside cracks in the rocks.) • Make inferences: What can you tell about how well Andean condors can see from the information on page 14? (Answer: They can see well from far away. Clues/Evidence: They soar high above the Andes; they fly above the peaks looking for food on the ground.)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Analyze text structure and organization: The author uses description to tell about spectacled bears on page 10. Give an example of this from the text. (“white lines around its eyes”) • Analyze text structure and organization: What text structure does the author use to tell about chinchillas on page 13? (description)
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Page 3
CHAPTER 3 & CONCLUSION Vocabulary • Use synonyms and descriptions to determine word meaning: What does the word burrows mean in this book? Let’s look for clues for the meaning of this word on page 19. (dig out, dens, underground holes already dug by other animals)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: In what country are most of the Pampas located? (Argentina, page 16) • Identify facts and details: What is the largest bird in the Pampas? (the rhea, page 16)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension • Identify sequence of events: What happens when a rhea is being chased? Use a sequence-of-events chart for help in answering the question. (It lifts one wing up; it holds the other wing tight to its body; this helps it change direction. page 17) • Identify cause and effect: Because more humans are using the Pampas, animal habitats have become . . . (endangered, page 21)
A rhea is being chased.
M
It lifts one wing up.
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension • Identify main idea: What is the first paragraph on page 20 mainly about? (Answer: the maned wolf; Clues/Evidence: They are another Pampas animal; they have long legs; these legs make them tall enough to look out over high grass; they eat almost anything; they will eat other animals, plants, or bugs.) • Make inferences: The first paragraph on page 21 tells us that the Pampas . . . (Answer: are important to humans; Clues/Evidence: Ranchers herd and raise cattle on the plains; others farm this rich region; ranchers and farmers build houses and roads across the Pampas.)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Identify text structure and organization: The author uses comparison to tell what a rhea looks like. Give an example of this from page 17. (“A rhea looks a lot like an ostrich . . .”) • Evaluate author’s purpose: The author probably included the information in the last paragraph on page 21 to . . . (remind readers that rain forest habitats must be taken care of)
M
It holds the other wing tight to its body. M
It changes direction.
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Page 4
TIPS FOR ANSWERING TEXT-DEPENDENT QUESTIONS
Vocabulary
Reread and look for clues to help you define the unfamiliar word. Can you find a synonym, a definition, text clues, or picture clues?
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension
The answers are right in the text. Reread to locate facts and details to answer the questions.
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
The answers are in the text, but you may need to look in more than one place to find them.
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension
You’ll have to be a detective. You won’t find the exact answers to these questions, but you will find clues and evidence to support your inferences and conclusions.
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension
As you reread, ask yourself, “How did the author organize the information? Why did she/he write the book?”
Navigators Set C © 2011 Benchmark Education Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This card may be photocopied for classroom use only. Based on the Comprehension Through Deductive Reasoning Model developed by Margaret Kilgo.
11/23/10
3:20 PM
Page 1
HABITATS OF SOUTH AMERICA INTRODUCTION & CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary • Use descriptions to determine word meaning: What do the words webbed feet mean in this book? Let’s look for clues for the meaning of these words on page 5. (help them swim with skill; special feet; slow them down on dry land)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: The average temperature in the rain forest is . . . (80° F, 27° C), page 4) • Identify facts and details: What is the top section of the rain forest called? (the emergent layer, page 9)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
LEVEL O/34
busiest layer M
roof of the rain forest
• Identify cause and effect: Because tall trees block out the sun’s rays, the forest floor . . . (has little light, page 5) • Identify cause and effect: How do groups of ants help plants survive? (When the ants nest inside the plants, they leave behind food; plants would not survive without food. page 6)
M
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension the canopy habitat
M
the temperature is cooler
M
• Make inferences: Information about jaguars tells us that they are . . . (Answer: good hunters; Clues/Evidence: Their spotted coats blend in with the forest’s flowers and bushes; they have strong vision; this allows them to stalk their prey after dark. page 5) • Identify main idea: What is the first paragraph on page 8 mainly about? Use a semantic web for help in answering the question. (Answer: the canopy layer of the rain forest; Clues/Evidence: It is the roof of the rain forest; it is the busiest layer; the temperature is a bit cooler; there is more light than down below.)
more light
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Evaluate author’s purpose: The author probably included the last paragraph in the Introduction to . . . (tell readers what the book will be about, page 3) • Evaluate author’s purpose: Why do you think the author included the information in the Everyday Science on page 9? (to show how useful the rain forest is)
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11/23/10
3:20 PM
Page 2
CHAPTER 2 Vocabulary • Use synonyms to determine word meaning: What does the word ledges mean in this book? Let’s look for clues for the meaning of this word on page 14. (shelves)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: What do chinchillas feast on? Use a semantic web for help in answering the question. (seeds, herbs, fruit, and moss, page 13) • Identify facts and details: What do condors eat? (animals that are already dead, page 15) seeds
herbs
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
M
M
• Compare and contrast: How might wild camels look different from camels that you have seen before? (They are smaller, they don’t have humps, their hearts and lungs are large. page 11) • Identify cause and effect: Condors do not use their claws for hunting because . . . (their claws are dull, page 15)
chinchillas feast on
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension
M
fruit
M
moss
• Identify main idea: The last two sentences on page 13 are mostly about . . . (Answer: how chinchillas escape predators; Clues/Evidence: They leap away on powerful hind legs; they hide inside cracks in the rocks.) • Make inferences: What can you tell about how well Andean condors can see from the information on page 14? (Answer: They can see well from far away. Clues/Evidence: They soar high above the Andes; they fly above the peaks looking for food on the ground.)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Analyze text structure and organization: The author uses description to tell about spectacled bears on page 10. Give an example of this from the text. (“white lines around its eyes”) • Analyze text structure and organization: What text structure does the author use to tell about chinchillas on page 13? (description)
5265-6_HabSACTDR.qxd:gr4 lost cities NAV
11/23/10
3:20 PM
Page 3
CHAPTER 3 & CONCLUSION Vocabulary • Use synonyms and descriptions to determine word meaning: What does the word burrows mean in this book? Let’s look for clues for the meaning of this word on page 19. (dig out, dens, underground holes already dug by other animals)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: In what country are most of the Pampas located? (Argentina, page 16) • Identify facts and details: What is the largest bird in the Pampas? (the rhea, page 16)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension • Identify sequence of events: What happens when a rhea is being chased? Use a sequence-of-events chart for help in answering the question. (It lifts one wing up; it holds the other wing tight to its body; this helps it change direction. page 17) • Identify cause and effect: Because more humans are using the Pampas, animal habitats have become . . . (endangered, page 21)
A rhea is being chased.
M
It lifts one wing up.
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension • Identify main idea: What is the first paragraph on page 20 mainly about? (Answer: the maned wolf; Clues/Evidence: They are another Pampas animal; they have long legs; these legs make them tall enough to look out over high grass; they eat almost anything; they will eat other animals, plants, or bugs.) • Make inferences: The first paragraph on page 21 tells us that the Pampas . . . (Answer: are important to humans; Clues/Evidence: Ranchers herd and raise cattle on the plains; others farm this rich region; ranchers and farmers build houses and roads across the Pampas.)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Identify text structure and organization: The author uses comparison to tell what a rhea looks like. Give an example of this from page 17. (“A rhea looks a lot like an ostrich . . .”) • Evaluate author’s purpose: The author probably included the information in the last paragraph on page 21 to . . . (remind readers that rain forest habitats must be taken care of)
M
It holds the other wing tight to its body. M
It changes direction.
5265-6_HabSACTDR.qxd:gr4 lost cities NAV
11/23/10
3:20 PM
Page 4
TIPS FOR ANSWERING TEXT-DEPENDENT QUESTIONS
Vocabulary
Reread and look for clues to help you define the unfamiliar word. Can you find a synonym, a definition, text clues, or picture clues?
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension
The answers are right in the text. Reread to locate facts and details to answer the questions.
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
The answers are in the text, but you may need to look in more than one place to find them.
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension
You’ll have to be a detective. You won’t find the exact answers to these questions, but you will find clues and evidence to support your inferences and conclusions.
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension
As you reread, ask yourself, “How did the author organize the information? Why did she/he write the book?”
Navigators Set C © 2011 Benchmark Education Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This card may be photocopied for classroom use only. Based on the Comprehension Through Deductive Reasoning Model developed by Margaret Kilgo.
