Helping Your Child with Reading and Writing
Helping Your Child with Reading and Writing CAMP POWER 2015
Infancy (Up to age 1) Kids usually begin to: u
imitate sounds they hear in language
u
respond when spoken to
u
look at pictures
u
reach for books and turn the pages with help
u
respond to stories and pictures by vocalizing and patting the pictures
Toddlers (Ages 1-3)
Kids usually begin to: u
answer questions about and identify objects in books — such as "Where's the cow?" or "What does the cow say?"
u
name familiar pictures
u
use pointing to identify named objects
u
pretend to read books
u
finish sentences in books they know well
u
scribble on paper
u
know names of books and identify them by the picture on the cover
u
turn pages of board books
u
have a favorite book and request it to be read often
Early Preschool (Age 3)
Kids usually begin to: u
explore books independently
u
listen to longer books that are read aloud
u
retell a familiar story
u
recite the alphabet
u
begin to sing the alphabet song with prompting and cues
u
make continuous symbols that resemble writing
u
imitate the action of reading a book aloud
Late Preschool (Age 4)
Kids usually begin to: u
recognize familiar signs and labels, especially on signs and containers
u
make up rhymes or silly phrases
u
recognize and write some of the letters of the alphabet (a good goal to strive for is 12-15 letters)
u
read and write their names
u
name beginning letters or sounds of words
u
match some letters to their sounds
u
use familiar letters to try writing words
u
understand that print is read from left to right, top to bottom
u
retell stories that have been read to them
Kindergarten (Age 5)
Kids usually begin to: u
recognize and produce words that rhyme
u
match some spoken and written words
u
write some letters, numbers, and words
u
recognize some familiar words
u
predict what will happen next in a story
u
identify initial, final, and middle sounds in short words (for example, sit, sun)
u
decode simple words in isolation (the word with definition) and in context (using the word in a sentence)
u
retell the main idea, identify details (who, what, when, where, why, how), and arrange story events in sequence
First and Second Grade (Ages 6-7)
Kids usually begin to: u
read familiar stories
u
sound out or decode unfamiliar words
u
use pictures and context to figure out unfamiliar words
u
use some common punctuation and capitalization in writing
u
self-correct when they make a mistake while reading aloud
u
show comprehension of a story through drawings
u
write by organizing details into a logical sequence with a beginning, middle, and end
Second and Third Grade (Ages 7-8)
Kids usually begin to: u
read longer books independently
u
read aloud with proper emphasis and expression
u
use context and pictures to help identify unfamiliar words
u
understand the concept of paragraphs and begin to apply it in writing
u
correctly use punctuation
u
correctly spell many words
u
write notes, like phone messages and email
u
enjoy games like word searches
u
use new words, phrases, or figures of speech that they've heard
u
revise their own writing to create and illustrate stories
Fourth Through Eighth Grade (Ages 9-13) Kids usually begin to: u
explore and understand different kinds of texts, like biographies, poetry, and fiction
u
understand and explore expository (explain/describe), narrative (entertain/amuse), and persuasive (make someone believe something) text
u
read to extract specific information, such as from a science book
u
identify parts of speech and devices like similes (e.g., as brave as a lion) and metaphors (e.g., “The road was a ribbon of moonlight.”)
u
correctly identify major elements of stories, like time, place, plot, problem, and resolution
u
read and write on a specific topic for fun, and understand what style is needed
u
analyze texts for meaning
6 Early Literacy Skills u
1- Print Motivation (fun with books and print)
Enjoy books and want to read them
u
2- Print Awareness (learn about print)
Being familiar with printed language helps children feel comfortable with books and see the usefulness of print u
3- Phonological Awareness (sounds of speech)
Being able to hear syllable and sounds of speech
6 Early Literacy Skills u
4- Letter Knowledge (learning the ABCs)
Knowing the names and sounds of letters helps them sound out words
u
5- Vocabulary (word meanings)
We need to understand what we are hearing and reading
u
6- Narrative Skills (telling a story)
We need thinking and comprehension skills in order to tell a story
So what to do… u
Face to face communication
u
Play with language
Rhymes, silly sayings, knock-knock jokes, tongue twisters, puns, songs
READ TO YOUR CHILD and HAVE FUN
u
Read for all sorts of reasons/write for all sorts of reasons (lists, menus, point out signs, favourite books, favourite words in books)
u
Have books and things to read available
u
Read and re-read stories
u
Point out words, over and over and over
u
Talk about words and meanings
u
Tell and retell stories
u
Talk about your day
u
Talk about daily activities, give yourself directions, ask “wh” questions
Daily practice u
At least 15 minutes a day
u
Praise
u
Let your child decide what to read (they may want to read the same thing several times)
u
Take turns
u
Talk about what you are reading-(“this word is long, how many letters can you count in this word? this word starts with M, what do you think this means?”, talk about meaning of words)
u
Talk about the content (“can dogs really talk, I wonder what our dog would say, what is missing in this picture,,,”)
u
Keep it moving and help with difficult words-let your child observe you figuring out how to read
u
HAVE FUN!!!!!!!!
SO….. u
Talk about words, talk about what they mean, show them what they mean, look at what they mean
u
Talk about grammar and the strange rules, fun books about grammar, note differences
u
Ask what, who, when, where and why questions. Answer questions
u
Play games to learn alphabet, alphabet song, point to letters, take turns, play and practice
u
Say sounds of letters, point them out in names, in words, find sight words that your child knows (own name) and use those to point out sounds and letters
u
Let our child see you write and sound out words
u
Practice is KEY!
Infancy (Up to age 1) Kids usually begin to: u
imitate sounds they hear in language
u
respond when spoken to
u
look at pictures
u
reach for books and turn the pages with help
u
respond to stories and pictures by vocalizing and patting the pictures
Toddlers (Ages 1-3)
Kids usually begin to: u
answer questions about and identify objects in books — such as "Where's the cow?" or "What does the cow say?"
u
name familiar pictures
u
use pointing to identify named objects
u
pretend to read books
u
finish sentences in books they know well
u
scribble on paper
u
know names of books and identify them by the picture on the cover
u
turn pages of board books
u
have a favorite book and request it to be read often
Early Preschool (Age 3)
Kids usually begin to: u
explore books independently
u
listen to longer books that are read aloud
u
retell a familiar story
u
recite the alphabet
u
begin to sing the alphabet song with prompting and cues
u
make continuous symbols that resemble writing
u
imitate the action of reading a book aloud
Late Preschool (Age 4)
Kids usually begin to: u
recognize familiar signs and labels, especially on signs and containers
u
make up rhymes or silly phrases
u
recognize and write some of the letters of the alphabet (a good goal to strive for is 12-15 letters)
u
read and write their names
u
name beginning letters or sounds of words
u
match some letters to their sounds
u
use familiar letters to try writing words
u
understand that print is read from left to right, top to bottom
u
retell stories that have been read to them
Kindergarten (Age 5)
Kids usually begin to: u
recognize and produce words that rhyme
u
match some spoken and written words
u
write some letters, numbers, and words
u
recognize some familiar words
u
predict what will happen next in a story
u
identify initial, final, and middle sounds in short words (for example, sit, sun)
u
decode simple words in isolation (the word with definition) and in context (using the word in a sentence)
u
retell the main idea, identify details (who, what, when, where, why, how), and arrange story events in sequence
First and Second Grade (Ages 6-7)
Kids usually begin to: u
read familiar stories
u
sound out or decode unfamiliar words
u
use pictures and context to figure out unfamiliar words
u
use some common punctuation and capitalization in writing
u
self-correct when they make a mistake while reading aloud
u
show comprehension of a story through drawings
u
write by organizing details into a logical sequence with a beginning, middle, and end
Second and Third Grade (Ages 7-8)
Kids usually begin to: u
read longer books independently
u
read aloud with proper emphasis and expression
u
use context and pictures to help identify unfamiliar words
u
understand the concept of paragraphs and begin to apply it in writing
u
correctly use punctuation
u
correctly spell many words
u
write notes, like phone messages and email
u
enjoy games like word searches
u
use new words, phrases, or figures of speech that they've heard
u
revise their own writing to create and illustrate stories
Fourth Through Eighth Grade (Ages 9-13) Kids usually begin to: u
explore and understand different kinds of texts, like biographies, poetry, and fiction
u
understand and explore expository (explain/describe), narrative (entertain/amuse), and persuasive (make someone believe something) text
u
read to extract specific information, such as from a science book
u
identify parts of speech and devices like similes (e.g., as brave as a lion) and metaphors (e.g., “The road was a ribbon of moonlight.”)
u
correctly identify major elements of stories, like time, place, plot, problem, and resolution
u
read and write on a specific topic for fun, and understand what style is needed
u
analyze texts for meaning
6 Early Literacy Skills u
1- Print Motivation (fun with books and print)
Enjoy books and want to read them
u
2- Print Awareness (learn about print)
Being familiar with printed language helps children feel comfortable with books and see the usefulness of print u
3- Phonological Awareness (sounds of speech)
Being able to hear syllable and sounds of speech
6 Early Literacy Skills u
4- Letter Knowledge (learning the ABCs)
Knowing the names and sounds of letters helps them sound out words
u
5- Vocabulary (word meanings)
We need to understand what we are hearing and reading
u
6- Narrative Skills (telling a story)
We need thinking and comprehension skills in order to tell a story
So what to do… u
Face to face communication
u
Play with language
Rhymes, silly sayings, knock-knock jokes, tongue twisters, puns, songs
READ TO YOUR CHILD and HAVE FUN
u
Read for all sorts of reasons/write for all sorts of reasons (lists, menus, point out signs, favourite books, favourite words in books)
u
Have books and things to read available
u
Read and re-read stories
u
Point out words, over and over and over
u
Talk about words and meanings
u
Tell and retell stories
u
Talk about your day
u
Talk about daily activities, give yourself directions, ask “wh” questions
Daily practice u
At least 15 minutes a day
u
Praise
u
Let your child decide what to read (they may want to read the same thing several times)
u
Take turns
u
Talk about what you are reading-(“this word is long, how many letters can you count in this word? this word starts with M, what do you think this means?”, talk about meaning of words)
u
Talk about the content (“can dogs really talk, I wonder what our dog would say, what is missing in this picture,,,”)
u
Keep it moving and help with difficult words-let your child observe you figuring out how to read
u
HAVE FUN!!!!!!!!
SO….. u
Talk about words, talk about what they mean, show them what they mean, look at what they mean
u
Talk about grammar and the strange rules, fun books about grammar, note differences
u
Ask what, who, when, where and why questions. Answer questions
u
Play games to learn alphabet, alphabet song, point to letters, take turns, play and practice
u
Say sounds of letters, point them out in names, in words, find sight words that your child knows (own name) and use those to point out sounds and letters
u
Let our child see you write and sound out words
u
Practice is KEY!
