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Herbicide Resistance Management Guide
Bayer CropScience Herbicide Features
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Additionally, the adoption of herbicide-tolerant systems production and to asystems lesser extent and toinof aIncorn, lesser cotton, extent small inGroup cotton, grains small and grains TFNV. Glutamine Herbicides Glufosinate-Resistance Development grains, corn and soybean production systems, and to ACCase-Inhibitor Synthetic Auxin Herbicides for Management Management of (Group ACCaseof Synthetic Auxinsmall grains. Liberty herbicide isHerbicides for use onherbicides all LibertyLink crops, including corn, soybeans, allow them to survive aSynthetase-Inhibitor herbicide treatment. Thisthe generally occurs atCorn: a very low frequency in6)a Potential Buctril used for burndown prior to planting or after harvest. Corn: has allowed growers to apply over top of crops, often with less Potential HPPD Resistance Development °Use of4action (MOA) rotation is essential to and TFNV. aHerbicide much lesser in cotton and TFNV. HPPD-Inhibitor Herbicides of Use Group ofmode Group 1extent herbicides herbicides ismechanism most are common most Resistant Resistant Weeds cotton and canola. population. The resistance is common oftentimes controlled by a Balance single gene. The(Group two most Flexx 27) † tillage, fuel and labor. However, the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds is Weeds an Corn: Use of Group 10 herbicides islittle most common inand corn, cotton, Capreno (Group 2, 27) Corn: Balance Flexx (Group 27) weed resistance management. Over-the-top use on glyphosate-tolerant only. Small Grains: Use of Group 27soybean herbicides most common corn small Corn: inimprove small in corn grains and and small grains production withisweeds very tocrops no into Corn: common resistance mechanisms may utilize develop resistance to are: ® herbicides (Group 6) Buctril TFNV: unfortunate side effect from the overuse of a single herbicide or mode of action. Corn: Liberty herbicide with the LibertyLink trait is the only nonselective alternative canola, soybean and TFNV production systems. All Group 10 Soybeans: Corn: Corn: Corn: Small Cotton: Grains: Atrazine °systems grain production systems and to ainlesser extent in soybeans. Autumn Super (Group 2) Axiom (Group 5,15) use in and soybeans, to a much cotton lesser and extent TFNV. corn, Corvus (Group 2, 27) Capreno (Group 2, 27) Autumn Super (Group 2) Balance Flexx (Group 27) Rotate herbicide modes of action. Reduce the selection Liberty ® products ® First to glyphosate-tolerant systems. Target-site resistance are by Bayer CropScience. Capreno 27) Alion (Group 29) Accent Authority (P)* Super (Group 2) ®Bicep Corn: Soybeans: °The occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds worldwide is tracked on the (Group 2, Autumn II Magnum Aim Dual II Magnum °Aim cotton and tree nutmanufactured and vine (TFNV). ® (P)* Corn: Corn: Bicep IIfruit, Magnum Balance Flexx (Group 27) Huskie (Group 6, 27) ™of Liberty (Group 10) Corvus (Group 2, 27) is registered for over-the-top use on all LibertyLink crops _ pressure a single MOA by using multiple MOAs both during Balance Flexx (Group 27) Capreno (Group 2, 27) Abundit Extra Buccaneer Corvus (Group 2, 27) website: www.WeedScience.org. This site is sponsored by the Herbicide Gold (P)*® ATZ Autumn Super Liberty andreaches the LibertyLink trait provide most reliable The herbicide the target site atPrefix a normally lethal dose, but(Group modification †the ® Rely 280 (Group 10) Buctril2)(Group 6) ® herbicide ®Autumn™ Corn: Cotton: Breakfree Sharpen Cadet (P)* (P)* °Accent Balance Flexx Super 27)(Group ® Xtra including corn, canola and soybeans. Liberty also can (P)* Soybeans: Corn: the growing and from year to(P)* year. ®season Buctril (Group Resistance Action Committee (HRAC), an organization of several ™ ® weed resistance management solution. 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Alternate herbicide-tolerant (HT) traits and/or use including those resistant to glyphosate and multiple herbicide classes. over 380 resistant weed biotypes reported globally and 140 resistant biotypes Small Grains: Huskie (Group 6, 27) _ Liberty (Group 10) °Capreno ® Liberty (Group 10) ® desiccation of potato vines. ® Cotton: Callisto Xtra Resource Cinch ATZ (P)* (P)*Max®any ® (P)* Capreno (Group 2, 27) Cotton: Liberty of(Group 10) Durango Extreme (P)*amount Osprey (Group 2) This occurs mechanism minimizes the active herbicide Enlite (P)* Chateau Guardsman (P)* None Soybeans: Liberty 10) HTBanvel trait stacks forwhen more efficient herbicide rotation. Cotton: reported in the United States, according to www.WeedScience.org (June(Group 15, 2012). LaudisProvides (Group(Group 27) 2,4-D (amine or ester) reduced translocation, excellent crop Huskie safety to mature trees and vines. Liberty 10) ®™ ® Complete reaching reduced uptake, † the target site (e.g., ® (P)* ® (Group Liberty (Group 10) GT (P)* Gly-4 Flexstar ° ® Capreno (P)* Degree Envive Corvus (P)* Corvus (Group 2, 27) Laudis 27) Verdict (P)* ® Clarity Rimfire Max (Group 2) Galigan Boundary (P)*of reported weed Cotton: Harness there Xtra (P)* VLU In the mid-1990s, was a rapid increase in the number Cotton: (Group 2, 6, 27)than ever before. Soybeans: enhanced metabolism, sequestration, etc.). The following Integrated Weed Management techniques are effective in reducing problems Banvel ® Cotton: Now more powerful and cost-effective ® (P)* ® (P)* Gly-4 Glyfos ExtremeSmall Hornet ®(P)* Grains: °(Group10)10) Corvus Degree XTRA Liberty Liberty (Group(Group 10) Liberty Corn*: ® Soybeans: Distinct (P)* Wolverine (Group 1, 6, 27) biotypes resistant to(P)* ALS inhibitors, ACCase inhibitors and synthetic auxin Cinch Goal GROUP 27 Lexar (P)* Soybeans: (Group Liberty 10) with herbicide-tolerant and/or herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. It is best to use multiple Wolverine (Group 1, 6, 27) Liberty (Group 10) ® acting at a single target Herbicides site are(P)* moretechnology likely to develop resistance than those Soybeans: Clarity ®Huskie Cotton: Glyfos GlyStar®Liberty Cotton: (P) Lightning ® inhibitors. And the advent ofPursuit glyphosate-tolerant in the same period Soybeans: Autumn Super (Group 2) Halex GT (P)* Dual IImultiple Magnum Liberty (Group 10) ® Hornet (P)* WDG Dual II Magnum Goal Tender Lumax (P)* that act at sites. This occurs because alterations at a single target site are more practices to manage or delay resistance, as no single strategy is likely to be totally effective. Delivers of more than 65 grass and broadleaf weeds Liberty (Group 10) ® postemergence ® glycines/glyphosate Liberty (Group 10) with Aim set the™® timer on evolution for (Figure 1). GlyStar Halex (P)*resistancecontrol Curtail M(P) (P)* Pursuit Plus (P)* Realm °Assure Soybeans: Cotton: IIQ GT Huskie Complete (P)*target ® ®® TFNV: Soybeans: likely compared tosafety mutations simultaneously at several Soybeans: Small Grains: Impact Expert (P)* unsurpassed crop on field corn, sweet corn, popcorn andsites. seed corn. Please refer to product labels for NorthStar (P)* Intrro Oxyflo ® your ® ® 1. Know weeds, know your fields. Closely monitor problematic areas with ® Honcho Honcho (P)* Require Raptor Liberty (Group 10) Chateau Cotton: Cotton*: Figure 1. The chronological increase in the global number of herbicideLiberty (Group 10) ® MCPA (amine or ester) Small Grains: Alion (Group 29) on weeds Autumn Super (Group 2) Fusilade DX Wolverine (P)* Autumn Super (Group 2) additional information Axiom (Group 5, 15) ® Small Grains: Laudis FulTime (P)* ™® Tankmix with Liberty for the ultimate resistance management tool (Group 5, 15) ®Q (P)* Soybeans: Require Micro-Tech Oxystar difficult-to-control weeds or dense weed populations. ®Caparol ®weed resistant weeds several herbicide modes ofherbicide action (2012). ® for Roundup Makaze °Resolve (P) Scepter Axiom Can be resistant to more than one or herbicide family? Liberty ® weeds controlled, application timings, ET GROUP 2 ® Orion (P)* Liberty with residual control. Fusion (P) (P)* Liberty (Group 10) (Group Huskie (Group 6, 27) Axiom (Group 5, 15) 10) ® Lite Liberty (Group 10) ® ®™ (P)* Lexar G-Max ® (P)* TFNV: Small Grains: Touchdown Roundup Shotgun (P)* Outlook Pinder GT (P)* precautions, restrictions and Soybeans: Cotoran Sonic Resolve Q (P)* Huskie (Group 6, 27) Please refer to product 2. Start with clean fields. Effective tillage or the use of a burndown herbicide Resistance can develop to more than one herbicide, herbicide family or mode of action. ™ Goal ®® Pulsar (P) AddLumax to glyphosate to extend late postemergence control and kill resistant weeds. Rimfire Max offers spring wheat growers tough protection for Huskie Complete (Group 2,(Group 6,5,27) Huskie 27) ® otherlabels important use information. None ®terms ® these ® Axiom 15)6,herbicide for additional Soybeans*: Touchdown °Select °(Group (P)* Guardsman (P)* emerged ® to planting. 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Glutamine Synthetase Inhibitors -
Cereals
HPPD Inhibitors -
Mitosis Inhibitors –
PPO Inhibitors -
EPSPS Inhibitors (Glyphosate) -
PS II Inhibitors -
Synthetic Auxin Herbicides -
ALS Inhibitors -
ACCase Inhibitors -
Integrated Weed Management
The Science of Weed Resistance
Development of Weed Resistance
Common 6, 7 Bayer CropScience Herbicides for Evolution of Groups Weed5,Resistance ™ PS II-Inhibitor Herbicides Management of PS II-Resistant Weeds Common Group 9 Respect the Rotation Common Common Group Group 14 15 Bayer Bayer CropScience CropScience Herbicides Herbicides Cotton Soybeans Cornfor for Tree Fruit, Nut and Vine Common Group 2 a resistant weed biotype that allowsBayer CropScience Herbicides for What occurs within it to survive a Bayer CropScience Herbicides for
Herbicide Resistance Management Guide An educational guide to help manage or delay the onset of herbicide resistance.
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The use of herbicides in modern agricultural production systems has allowed growers to more effectively and efficiently control weeds, improve crop yields and increase profitability. Additionally, the adoption of herbicide-tolerant traits has allowed growers to apply herbicides over the top of crops, often with less tillage, fuel and labor. However, the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds is an unfortunate side effect from the overuse of a single herbicide or mode of action. The occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds worldwide is tracked on the website: www.WeedScience.org. This site is sponsored by the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC), an organization comprised of several pesticide manufacturers and the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA). Cases of herbicide resistance are becoming increasingly common. There are over 380 resistant weed biotypes reported globally and 140 resistant biotypes reported in the United States, according to www.WeedScience.org (June 15, 2012). In the mid-1990s, there was a rapid increase in the number of reported weed biotypes resistant to ALS inhibitors, ACCase inhibitors and synthetic auxin inhibitors. And the advent of glyphosate-tolerant technology in the same period set the timer on resistance evolution for glycines/glyphosate (Figure 1). Figure 1. The chronological increase in the global number of herbicideresistant weeds for several herbicide modes of action (2012).
Modified source: Heap, I. (www.WeedScience.org)
In the United States, some of the most widespread and increasingly important herbicide resistance problems in corn, cotton, soybeans and small grains, as well as tree fruit, nut and vine crops (TFNV), are associated with the following herbicide groups:
° ACCase inhibitors ° ALS inhibitors ° Photosystem II inhibitors (triazines) ° EPSP synthase inhibitors (glyphosate) Several herbicide modes of action have recently gained broad acceptance in the marketplace, including:
° PPO inhibitors ° HPPD inhibitors ° Glutamine synthetase inhibitors (glufosinate) If not managed correctly, however, these more recent herbicide mode-of-action introductions could also lose their effectiveness in the future. To effectively manage the development of weed resistance, it is key to first understand how herbicide resistance develops.
Development of Weed Resistance
Evolution of Weed Resistance
The Science of Weed Resistance How do herbicides kill weeds? Herbicides enter the plant at lethal dosages and interfere with crucial life processes necessary for the plant to live. The active ingredient often binds to a particular target site(s) within the plant, usually an enzyme or protein(s) essential to plant growth and development, creating a cascade of consequences that eventually lead to plant death. A few herbicides can act at multiple target sites.
What is resistance and how does it originate? Resistance is a naturally occurring, inherited ability of some weed biotypes to survive a herbicide treatment that should, under normal use conditions, effectively control a weed population. Natural selection is the most common theory for the initial evolution of weed resistance within a weed population.
How do resistant weed biotypes increase in number? When a herbicide is applied to a sensitive population, most of the weeds in the population die as a result of the herbicide application. However, sometimes the initially rare resistant weed biotypes can survive, mature and produce seed. With repeated use of the same herbicide or family of related herbicides, or lack of diversity in the herbicide management program, the resistant weeds may eventually be “selected” from the population and dominate (Figure 2). Generally, the more effective the herbicide, the greater the selection pressure and the greater the probability that only resistant weeds will survive. Figure 2. Selection of resistant weed biotypes with repeated applications of the same herbicide or same mode-of-action herbicides.
Modified source: J.L. Gunsolus. Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. 1998 North Central Region Extension Publication 468.
Some herbicide-resistant weeds have naturally developed one or more mechanisms that allow them to survive a herbicide treatment. This generally occurs at a very low frequency in a population. The resistance mechanism is oftentimes controlled by a single gene. The two most common resistance mechanisms weeds may utilize to develop resistance to herbicides are:
° Target-site resistance
_ The herbicide reaches the target site at a normally lethal dose, but modification or amplification of the target site gene(s)/enzyme(s) limits herbicide binding, and thus its impact.
° Nontarget-site resistance
_ This occurs when any mechanism minimizes the amount of active herbicide reaching the target site (e.g., reduced uptake, reduced translocation, enhanced metabolism, sequestration, etc.).
Herbicides acting at a single target site are more likely to develop resistance than those that act at multiple sites. This occurs because alterations at a single target site are more likely compared to mutations simultaneously at several target sites.
Can weeds be resistant to more than one herbicide or herbicide family? Resistance can develop to more than one herbicide, herbicide family or mode of action. Two terms commonly used to describe these forms of resistance include:
° Cross-resistance
_ Weeds are resistant to two or more herbicides with the same mode of action by way of a single resistance mechanism (e.g., weed A is resistant to both herbicides 1 and 2, each of which affects the same target site of the weed).
° Multiple resistance
_ Weeds are resistant to two or more herbicides with differing modes of action because they possess two or more different resistance mechanisms (e.g., weed A is resistant to herbicides 1 and 2, each of which affects different target sites in the weed).
The difficulty of controlling weeds with various forms of resistance can be ranked as follows (least difficult to most difficult): 1. Resistance (one herbicide) 2. Cross-resistance 3. Multiple resistance
The Science of Weed Resistance
What occurs within a resistant weed biotype that allows it to survive a herbicide application?
The Science of Weed Resistance What actions increase the selection for herbicide resistance? Weed management practices that can lead to increased selection intensity on weeds include: reduced rates of herbicides. ° Using
herbicides at inappropriate or delayed timing. ° Applying a herbicide(s) with the same mode of action multiple times during a growing season or ° Applying applying herbicides with long residual activity, thereby maintaining high selection pressure.
one or multiple herbicides that act on a single site of action. ° Using the same herbicide for several consecutive growing seasons. ° Using Using herbicides as the only weed control option. °
Rotation of crops, herbicide-tolerant traits and herbicide modes of action, as well as the inclusion of mechanical and cultural control methods where possible, can play important roles in delaying the evolution of resistance or managing existing resistant weed populations.
Identification of Weed Resistance What are key indications for you to consider in identifying resistant weeds in weed escapes? Indicators of potential weed resistance* are: of weeds occurs in the same area year after year and ° Ais patch spreading.
°
Dead weeds appear next to surviving weeds after the same herbicide application.
weed species are managed, but one particular weed species ° Many is no longer controlled. * These indicators are not definitive proof of resistance and are merely intended to act as a guide.
What should you do if you suspect you have herbicide-resistant weeds? Contact your local state Extension service, state weed specialist or local Bayer CropScience representative to have weed seeds collected and evaluated for potential resistance.
What management practices delay the onset or manage the spread of resistant weeds? The best way to manage weed resistance is to prevent it from developing on your fields by implementing a diverse weed management program. This helps limit the selection pressure on weeds present in your fields. Use of Integrated Weed Management (IWM) strategies will help delay resistance development in weed populations.
Respect the Rotation™ is an initiative to elevate the importance and grower adoption of herbicide diversity. Herbicide mode of action (MOA) rotation is essential to improve weed resistance management.
° Rotate herbicide modes of action. Reduce the selection
pressure of a single MOA by using multiple MOAs both during the growing season and from year to year.
° Rotate crops. Crop rotation provides diversified weed management tools. ° Rotate herbicide-tolerant traits. Alternate herbicide-tolerant (HT) traits and/or use HT trait stacks for more efficient herbicide rotation.
The following Integrated Weed Management techniques are effective in reducing problems with herbicide-tolerant and/or herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. It is best to use multiple practices to manage or delay resistance, as no single strategy is likely to be totally effective. 1. Know your weeds, know your fields. Closely monitor problematic areas with difficult-to-control weeds or dense weed populations. 2. Start with clean fields. Effective tillage or the use of a burndown herbicide program can control emerged weeds prior to planting. 3. Stay clean—Use residual herbicides. Regardless of tillage system, a pre-emergence or early postemergence soil-applied residual herbicide should be used. 4. Apply herbicides correctly. Ensure proper application, including correct timing, full use rates and appropriate spray volumes. 5. Control weed escapes. Consider spot herbicide applications, row wicking, cultivation, hand removal of weeds or other techniques to stop weed seed production and improve weed management. 6. Zero Tolerance—Reduce the weed seed bank. Do not allow surviving weeds to set seed which will help decrease weed populations from year to year and prevent major weed shifts. 7. Clean equipment. Prevent the spread of herbicide-resistant weeds and seeds.
What is herbicide classification by mode of action? One simple way to delay or manage weed resistance is to use herbicides or herbicide tankmixes with differing modes of action from year to year. Both the WSSA and HRAC employ easy-to-use herbicide classification systems by mode of action, using numbers and letters, respectively. The WSSA groups products with similar modes of action together by an assigned Group Number from 1 to 29. The group number easily identifies products with differing modes of action. The Enviromental Protection Agency (EPA) requests registrants voluntarily add a group number to the labelshowing the mode(s) of action of the herbicide or herbicide premixes. A condensed version of the classification document is located at the back of this brochure. Alternatively, HRAC references herbicide classes by letter, as does the International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds (www.WeedScience.org), the reporting body for confirmed resistant weeds. On the following pages, we include both classifications for your reference.
Integrated Weed Management
Respect the Rotation™
ACCase Inhibitors
Group 1
HRAC Group A
What is a Group 1 herbicide? of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) enzyme. ° Inhibitor the production of fatty acids and lipid synthesis ° Inhibition leading toprevents rapid cessation of plant growth at the growing point. grasses generally die in 10 days to two weeks. ° Susceptible products from three chemical families: aryloxyphenoxy° Consists propionateof (FOPs), cyclohexanedione (DIMs), phenylpyrazoline (DENs).
How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 1 herbicides? both target-site and nontarget-site resistance mechanisms. ° Involves Resistance to an altered ACCase binding site or enhanced ° metabolismisofdue the herbicide.
How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 1 herbicides? 42 weed species confirmed ° Globally: ° U.S.: 15 weed species confirmed
Confirmed Group 1 Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* • Barnyardgrass
• Foxtail, robust white
• Brome, downy
• Itchgrass
• Canarygrass, littleseed
• Johnsongrass
• Crabgrass, large
• Oat, wild
• Crabgrass, smooth
• Ryegrass, Italian
• Darnel, Persian
• Sprangletop, Amazon
• Foxtail, giant
• Watergrass, late
• Foxtail, robust purple *Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Available at www.WeedScience.org. June 15, 2012.
Use of Group 1 herbicides is most common in small grains and soybean production systems and to a much lesser extent in corn, cotton and tree fruit, nut and vine (TFNV).
Bayer CropScience Herbicides for Management of ACCaseResistant Weeds Corn: Balance ® Flexx (Group 27) Capreno® (Group 2, 27)
Poast®*
Corvus ® (Group 2, 27)
Cotton: VLU
Soybeans:
Liberty® (Group 10) Laudis ® (Group 27)
Cotton:
Assure II
Liberty (Group 10)
Fusilade ® DX
Soybeans:
Fusion ® (P)
Liberty (Group 10)
®
Select® Select Max
Small Grains: Axiom ® (Group 5, 15)
Small Grains:
Huskie ® Complete (Group 2, 6, 27)
Axial® XL
Olympus ® (Group 2)
Axial Star (P)*
Osprey ® (Group 2)
Axial TBC
Rimfire ® Max (Group 2)
Discover ® NG Foxfire™ (P) Wolverine ® (P)*
TFNV: Alion ® (Group 29) Rely ® 280 (Group 10)
TFNV: Poast (P) = Premix product (P)* = Premix product containing at least one non-ACCase chemistry VLU = Very little use * = Herbicide-tolerant corn resistant to sethoxydim
Please refer to product labels for additional information on weeds controlled, application timings, precautions, restrictions and other important use information.
Group 1
Corn:
ACCase Inhibitors -
Common Group 1 ACCase-Inhibitor Herbicides
ALS Inhibitors Group 2 HRAC Group B
What is a Group 2 herbicide? of acetolactate synthase (ALS or AHAS) enzyme. ° Inhibitor Inhibition leads to depletion of key branched-chain amino acids ° necessary for protein synthesis and plant growth.
° Susceptible weeds may take several weeks to die. Consists of products from primarily four chemical families: imidazolinone, ° sulfonylurea, sulfonyamino-carbonyl-triazolinone, triazolopyrimidine. How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 2 herbicides? both target- and nontarget-site resistance mechanisms. ° Involves The binding on the AHAS enzyme is altered, and the ALS herbicide ° cannot attachsiteitself to the protein. Additionally, enhanced herbicide metabolism has been shown as a resistance mechanism.
How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 2 herbicides? 125 weed species confirmed ° Globally: U.S.: 45 weed species (both grass and broadleaf) confirmed °
Confirmed Group 2 Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* • Amaranth, livid
• Foxtail, green
• Ragweed, common
• Amaranth, Palmer
• Foxtail, robust white
• Ragweed, giant
• Amaranth, Powell
• Foxtail, yellow
• Redstem
• Arrowhead, California
• Horseweed (marestail)
• Rice flatsedge
• Bluegrass, annual
• Johnsongrass
• Ryegrass, Italian
• Brome, downy
• Kochia
• Ryegrass, perennial
• Brome, Japanese
• Lambsquarters, common
• Sedge, small flower umbrella
• Brome, rye (cheat)
• Lettuce, prickly
• Shattercane
• Bulrush, ricefield
• Loosestrife, long-leaved
• Sida, prickly
• Chamomile, mayweed
• Marshelder
• Sowthistle, spiny
• Chickweed, common
• Mustard, wild
• Sunflower, common
• Cocklebur, common
• Nightshade, eastern black
• Thistle, Russian
• Falseflax, smallseed
• Oat, wild
• Wallflower, bushy
• Flixweed
• Pigweed, redroot
• Waterhemp, common
• Foxtail, giant
• Pigweed, smooth
• Waterhemp, tall
*Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Available at www.WeedScience.org. June 15, 2012.
Bayer CropScience Herbicides for Management of ALS-Resistant Weeds
Use of Group 2 herbicides is most common in small grains, corn and soybean production systems, and to a much lesser extent in cotton and TFNV.
Corn:
Corn:
Soybeans:
Accent® Accent Gold (P)* Autumn™ Super Basis ® Basis Gold (P)* Capreno (P)* Corvus (P)* Hornet® (P)* Lightning ® (P) Realm™ Q (P)* Require ® (P)* Resolve ® (P) Resolve Q (P)* Spirit® (P) Steadfast® (P) Steadfast ATZ (P)* SureStart® (P)* TripleFLEX™ (P)* Yukon ® (P)*
Authority® First (P)* Autumn Super Canopy® (P)* Canopy EX (P)* Classic ® Enlite ® (P)* Envive ® (P)* Extreme ® (P)* Pursuit® Pursuit Plus (P)* Raptor ® Scepter ® Sonic ® (P)* Synchrony ® (P) Valor ® XLT (P)*
Axiom (Group 5, 15) Huskie (Group 6, 27) Huskie Complete (Group 2, 6, 27) Wolverine (Group 1, 6, 27)
Small Grains:
TFNV:
Affinity ® (P) Ally ® Ally Extra (P) Amber ® Beyond® Everest® Finesse ® (P) Glean® GoldSky® (P) Harmony ® (P) Harmony Extra (P) Huskie Complete (P)* Maverick® Olympus Orion ® (P)* Osprey PowerFlex® Rave ® (P)* Rimfire Max (P)
Alion (Group 29) Rely 280 (Group 10)
Cotton: Envoke ® Staple ® Suprend® (P)*
(P) = Premix product (P)* = Premix product containing at least one non-ALS chemistry
TFNV: Matrix® Pindar™ GT (P)*
Cotton: Liberty (Group 10)
Soybeans: Liberty (Group 10)
Small Grains:
Please refer to product labels for additional information on weeds controlled, application timings, precautions, restrictions and other important use information.
Group 2
Balance Flexx (Group 27) Buctril® (Group 6) Capreno (Group 2, 27) Corvus (Group 2, 27) Liberty (Group 10) Laudis (Group 27)
ALS Inhibitors -
Common Group 2 ALS-Inhibitor Herbicides
Synthetic Auxins
Group 4
HRAC Group O
What is a Group 4 herbicide?
° Acts similar to auxin (IAA), similar to naturally occuring plant hormones. Primary action is to affect cell wall plasticity and nucleic acid metabolism ° leading to uncontrolled cell division and growth, which cause vascular tissue destruction.
produces epinastic-like symptoms (stem twisting, leaf ° Often malformations, etc.).
° Symptoms can often be seen within days of treatment. of products from primarily four chemical families: phenoxy carboxylic acid, ° Consists benzoic acid, pyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid. How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 4 herbicides?
° The specific cellular or molecular binding site has not yet been identified. How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 4 herbicides? 30 weed species confirmed ° Globally: U.S.: 9 weed species confirmed °
Confirmed Group 4 Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* • Barnyardgrass
• Kochia
• Bindweed, field
• Lettuce, prickly
• Carrot, wild
• Starthistle, yellow
• Crabgrass, smooth
• Waterhemp, common
• Dayflower, spreading *Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Available at www.WeedScience.org. June 15, 2012.
Use of Group 4 herbicides are most common in corn and small grains with very little to no use in soybeans, cotton and TFNV.
Bayer CropScience Herbicides for Management of Synthetic AuxinResistant Weeds Corn:
Corn:
Soybeans:
Autumn™ Super (Group 2)
2,4-D (amine or ester)
2,4-D
Balance Flexx (Group 27) Buctril (Group 6)
2,4-DB Banvel Clarity
®
2,4-D (amine or ester)
® ®
Hornet (P)* WDG NorthStar ® (P)* Require Q (P)* Shotgun® (P)* Starane ® Status® (P)* ®
SureStart (P)* TripleFLEX (P)* WideMatch® (P) Yukon (P)*
Banvel Clarity
Capreno (Group 2, 27) Corvus (Group 2, 27) Liberty (Group 10)
Curtail® M(P)
Cotton:
MCPA (amine or ester)
Liberty (Group 10)
Orion (P)* Pulsar™ (P) Rage ® D-Tech (P)* Starane
Soybeans: Autumn Super (Group 2) Liberty (Group 10)
WideMatch (P)
Small Grains:
TFNV:
Huskie (Group 6, 27)
2,4-D
Huskie Complete (Group 2, 6, 27)
Starane Ultra
Olympus (Group 2)
Stinger
Osprey (Group 2)
Cotton:
Rimfire Max (Group 2)
None
Wolverine (Group 1, 6, 27)
(P) = Premix product (P)* = Premix product containing at least one non-synthetic auxin chemistry
TFNV: Alion (Group 29) Rely 280 (Group 10) Please refer to product labels for additional information on weeds controlled, application timings, precautions, restrictions and other important use information.
Group 4
Distinct (P)*
Stinger
Small Grains:
Synthetic Auxin Herbicides -
Common Group 4 Synthetic Auxin Herbicides
PS II Inhibitors Groups 5, 6, 7 HRAC Group C1, C2, C3
What is a Group 5, 6, 7 herbicide? of photosynthesis at photosystem II. ° Inhibitor causes electrons to accumulate on chlorophyll molecules. ° Inhibition As a consequence, oxidation occurs in excess of those normally tolerated by the cell occur, and the plant dies.
of products from 11 major chemical families: amide, benzothiadiazone, nitrile, ° Consists phenyl-carbamate, phenyl-pyridazine, pyridazinone, triazine, triazinone, triazolinone, uracil, urea.
How do weeds evolve resistance to Groups 5, 6, 7 herbicides? both target- and nontarget-site resistance mechanisms. ° Involves A mutation occurs in the gene leading to an alteration at the site of the protein ° where triazine binding occurs. Additionally, enhanced herbicide metabolism has also been shown as a resistance mechanism.
How many weeds have developed resistance to Groups 5, 6, 7 herbicides? 95 weed species confirmed ° Globally: U.S.: 25 weed species confirmed °
Confirmed Groups 5, 6, 7 Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* • Amaranth, Palmer
• Horseweed (marestail)
• Purslane, common
• Amaranth, Powell
• Jimsonweed
• Ragweed, common
• Barnyardgrass
• Kochia
• Shepherdspurse
• Bluegrass, annual
• Ladysthumb
• Smartweed, Pennsylvania
• Foxtail, giant
• Lambsquarters, common
• Swollen fingergrass
• Foxtail, yellow
• Nightshade, eastern black
• Velvetleaf
• Goosegrass
• Orach, spreading
• Waterhemp, common
• Goosefoot, late flowering
• Pigweed, redroot
• Groundsel, common
• Pigweed, smooth
*Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. Available at www.WeedScience.org. June 15, 2012.
Use of Groups 5, 6, and 7 herbicides is common in corn, cotton and TFNV production systems and to a lesser extent in soybeans and small grains.
Corn:
Corn:
Capreno (Group 2, 27)
Atrazine
Corvus (Group 2, 27)
Bicep II Magnum ® (P)*
Liberty (Group 10)
Callisto ® Xtra (P)*
Laudis (Group 27)
Balance Flexx (Group 27) Buctril (Group 6)
Cinch ® ATZ (P)* Degree XTRA ® (P)* Guardsman Max® (P)*
Cotton: Liberty (Group 10)
Harness ® Xtra (P)*
Soybeans:
Lexar ® (P)*
Liberty (Group 10)
Lumax® (P)*
Cotton: Caparol® Cotoran® Direx® Diuron
Small Grains: Axiom (Group 5, 15) Huskie (Group 6, 27) Huskie Complete (Group 2, 6, 27) Olympus (Group 2)
Soybeans:
Osprey (Group 2)
Authority MTZ (P)*
Rimfire Max (Group 2)
Boundary® (P)*
Wolverine (Group 1, 6, 27)
Canopy (P)*
TFNV:
Metribuzin
Alion (Group 29)
Small Grains:
Rely 280 (Group 10)
Axiom (P)* Huskie (P)* Huskie Complete (P)* Wolverine (P)*
TFNV: Atrazine Diuron Hyvar ® XL Karmex® Krovar ® Princep ® Simazine Sinbar ® (P)* = Premix product containing at least one non-PS II chemistry
Please refer to product labels for additional information on weeds controlled, application timings, precautions, restrictions and other important use information.
Groups 5, 6, 7
Bayer CropScience Herbicides for Management of PS II-Resistant Weeds
PS II Inhibitors -
Common Groups 5, 6, 7 PS II-Inhibitor Herbicides
EPSPS Inhibitors (Glyphosate) HRAC Group G
Group 9
What is a Group 9 herbicide? of the chloroplast enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). ° Inhibitor Inhibition to depletion of key amino acids that are necessary for protein synthesis ° and plant leads growth.
° Symptoms may take weeks to fully develop. of one product from one major chemical family: glycine. ° Consists How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 9 herbicides? There are three known mechanisms of resistance involving both target- and nontargetsite resistance: target-site resistance caused by EPSPS gene modification and amplification; and nontarget-site resistance caused by a reduced glyphosate translocation mechanism. It was recently reported a potential fourth mechanism, glyphosate metabolism, was identified.
How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 9 herbicides?
° Globally: 23 species confirmed ° U.S.: 13 species confirmed Confirmed Group 9 Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* • Amaranth, Palmer • Bluegrass, annual • Fleabane, hairy • Goosegrass • Horseweed (marestail) • Johnsongrass • Junglerice
• Kochia • Ragweed, common • Ragweed, giant • Ryegrass, Italian • Ryegrass, rigid • Waterhemp, common
*Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Available at www.WeedScience.org. June 15, 2012.
Glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in soybeans.
†
†
†
Use of Group 9 herbicides is most common in corn , soybeans , cotton , and TFNV production systems. In small grains, Group 9 herbicides are used for burndown prior to planting or after harvest. †
Over-the-top use on glyphosate-tolerant crops only.
Corn: ™
Soybeans:
Balance Flexx (Group 27)
Buccaneer Cornerstone Credit Durango Extreme (P)* Flexstar GT (P)* Gly-4 Glyfos GlyStar Honcho Makaze® Roundup Touchdown
Capreno (Group 2, 27)
Cotton: Buccaneer Cornerstone Credit Flexstar ® GT (P)* Gly-4 Glyfos GlyStar Honcho Roundup Sequence ® (P)* Touchdown
Small Grains: Buccaneer Cornerstone Credit Durango Gly-4 GlyStar Honcho Roundup RT Master® II (P)* Touchdown
TFNV: (P)* = Premix product containing at least one non-glycine chemistry
Corn:
Alecto™
(P)* Buccaneer Credit Cornerstone Gly-4 Glyfos GlyStar Honcho Landmaster ® BW(P)* Makaze Roundup Touchdown
Corvus (Group 2, 27) Liberty (Group 10) Laudis (Group 27)
Cotton: Liberty (Group 10)
Soybeans: Liberty (Group 10)
Small Grains: Axiom (Group 5, 15) Huskie (Group 6, 27) Huskie Complete (Group 2, 6, 27) Olympus (Group 2) Osprey (Group 2) Rimfire Max (Group 2) Wolverine (Group 1, 6, 27)
TFNV: Alion (Group 29) Rely 280 (Group 10) Please refer to product labels for additional information on weeds controlled, application timings, precautions, restrictions and other important use information.
Group 9
Abundit Extra Buccaneer ® Cornerstone ® Credit® Durango ® Gly-4 ® Glyfos ® GlyStar ® Halex® GT (P)* Honcho ® Roundup ® Touchdown ®
Bayer CropScience Herbicides for Management of Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds
EPSPS Inhibitors (Glyphosate) -
Common Group 9 EPSPS-Inhibitor Herbicides
PPO Inhibitors Group 14 HRAC Group E
What is a Group 14 herbicide?
° Inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) enzyme. ° Inhibition leads to a chain reaction resulting in the leaking of cell membranes. ° Symptoms from postemergence applications are observed within one day. ° PPO inhibitors are typically most effective on annual broadleaves. Consists of products from five major chemical families: diphenyl ether, ° N-phenylphthalimide, oxadiazole, phenylpyrazole, triazolinone. How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 14 herbicides? This target-site resistance is conferred by an amino acid deletion in the ° PPO gene.
How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 14 herbicides?
° Globally: 5 weed species confirmed ° U.S.: 2 weed species confirmed Confirmed Group 14 Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* s2AGWEED COMMON s7ATERHEMP COMMON
(EAP )4HE)NTERNATIONAL3URVEYOF(ERBICIDE 2ESISTANT7EEDS !VAILABLEATWWW7EED3CIENCEORG*UNE
Iowa field treated with Corvus at 5.6 fl oz/A tankmixed with 1 lb atrazine.
Bayer CropScience Herbicides for Management of PPO-Resistant Weeds
Use of Group 14 herbicides is most common in soybean production systems and to a lesser extent in corn, cotton, small grains and TFNV.
Corn: Balance Flexx (Group 27)
Small Grains:
Aim ®
Aim
Cadet®
Sharpen†
Sharpen™†
TFNV:
Rage (P)*
Aim
Resource ®
Chateau
Verdict™ (P)* †
Cotton: Aim Chateau
®
ET® Goal® Reflex® Sharpen†
Galigan
Capreno (Group 2, 27) Corvus (Group 2, 27) Liberty (Group 10) Laudis (Group 27)
®
Cotton: Liberty (Group 10)
Goal
Soybeans:
Goal Tender
Liberty (Group 10)
Oxyflo Oxystar ™ Pinder GT (P)* Shark® Treevix™†
Small Grains: Axiom (Group 5, 15) Huskie (Group 6, 27) Huskie Complete (Group 2, 6, 27) Wolverine (Group 1, 6, 27)
Valor
Soybeans: Authority (P)*1 Cadet
(P)* = Premix product containing at least one non-PPO chemistry †
Cobra ® Enlite (P)* 1
Envive (P)* Flexstar Flexstar GT (P)* Gangster ® (P)* Phoenix™ OpTill™ (P)* † Resource Sharpen† Sonic (P)* Ultra Blazer ® Valor Valor XLT (P)*
= OpTill, Sharpen, Treevix and Verdict are all powered by Kixor® herbicide = Authority includes Authority Assist, Authority First, Authority MTZ and Authority XL
TFNV: Alion (Group 29) Rely 280 (Group 10) Please refer to product labels for additional information on weeds controlled, application timings, precautions, restrictions and other important use information.
Group 14
Corn:
PPO Inhibitors -
Common Group 14 PPO-Inhibitor Herbicides
Mitosis Inhibitors Group 15 HRAC Group K3
What is a Group 15 herbicide? cell growth and division by interfering with development of very long-chain fatty ° Inhibits acids (VLCFA). affects susceptible weeds prior to emergence but does not inhibit seed germination. ° Typically applied as a soil treatment for control of annual grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds. ° Oftentimes of products from primarily four chemical families: acetamide, chloracetamide, oxyacetamide, ° Consists tetrazolinone.
How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 15 herbicides?
° This target-site resistance appears to be due to an altered VLCFA synthase binding site. How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 15 herbicides? 5 weed species confirmed ° Globally: ° U.S.: 1 weed species confirmed
Confirmed Group 15 Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* • Ryegrass, Italian *Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Available at www.WeedScience.org. June 15, 2012.
Use of Group 15 herbicides are most common in corn and soybean production systems and to a lesser extent in cotton, small grains and TFNV.
Bayer CropScience Herbicides for Management of Mitosis-InhibitorResistant Weeds Corn:
Cotton:
Bicep II Magnum
Dual II Magnum
Breakfree ® ATZ (P)*
Prefix® (P)*
Bullet® (P)*
Sequence (P)*
Camix® (P)*
Warrant
Cinch ATZ (P)*
Soybeans:
Degree
Boundary (P)*
Degree XTRA (P)*
Cinch
Dual II Magnum®
Dual II Magnum
Expert® (P)*
Intrro
FulTime ® (P)*
Micro-Tech
G-Max Lite™ (P)*
Outlook
Guardsman Max (P)*
Prefix (P)*
Small Grains:
Halex GT (P)*
Sequence (P)*
Axiom (Group 5, 15)
Harness
Verdict†
Harness XTRA (P)*
TFNV:
Warrant
Intrro® Keystone ® (P)* Lariat® (P)* Lexar (P)* Lumax (P)* Micro-Tech® Outlook® SureStart (P)* Surpass® TopNotch® TripleFLEX (P)* Verdict† Warrant™
Small Grains:
Autumn Super (Group 2) Balance Flexx (Group 27) Buctril (Group 6) Capreno (Group 2, 27) Corvus (Group 2, 27) Liberty (Group 10)
Cotton: Liberty (Group 10)
Soybeans: Autumn Super (Group 2) Liberty (Group 10)
Rely 280 (Group 10) Alion (Group 29)
Axiom (P)*
TFNV: None (P)* = Premix product containing at least one non-mitosis inhibitor chemistry †
= Verdict is powered by Kixor herbicide
Please refer to product labels for additional information on weeds controlled, application timings, precautions, restrictions and other important use information.
Group 15
Corn:
Mitosis Inhibitors –
Common Group 15 Mitosis-Inhibitor Herbicides
HPPD Inhibitors Group 27 HRAC Group F2 What is a Group 27 herbicide?
° Inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate-dioxygenase (HPPD) enzyme, which disrupts the formation of carotenoids. The lack of carotenoids results in the destruction of chlorophyll molecules by excessive light energy. This leads to ° characteristic bleaching of leaf tissue and rapid plant death (normally six to 14 days) after application. ° Symptoms often appear rapidly, but can be delayed by cloudy weather. ° Consists of products from three main chemical families: triketone, isoxazole, pyrazole. How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 27 herbicides?
° Due to the recent discovery of HPPD resistance, researchers are investigating how this resistance develops. How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 27 herbicides?
° Globally: 1 weed species confirmed ° U.S.: 1 weed species confirmed
HPPD-resistant common waterhemp was discovered on a very limited number of acres in three states.
How can Group 27 herbicides fit in my resistance management strategy? By alternating and/or tankmixing HPPD inhibitors with multiple modes of action, these products can be key management options for control of weeds resistant to ALS, PPO, glyphosate, dicamba and triazine chemistries.
Confirmed Group 27 Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* s7ATERHEMP COMMON
(EAP )4HE)NTERNATIONAL3URVEYOF(ERBICIDE 2ESISTANT7EEDS!VAILABLEATWWW7EED3CIENCEORG*UNE
Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitor Group 29 HRAC Group L What is a Group 29 herbicide?
° Inhibitor of cellulose biosynthesis (CBI). ° Inhibits meristem growth. ° Consists of products from one chemical family: alkylazines (Indaziflam). How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 29 herbicides?
° No weed species confirmed at this time. How can Group 29 herbicides fit into a resistance management strategy? 7ITHANEWMODEOFACTION PRODUCTSSUCHAS!LIONINDAZImAM BECOMEAKEYMANAGEMENTOPTIONFOR ° pre-emergent control of weeds resistant to ALS, glyphosate, triazine and other herbicide chemistries.
Bayer CropScience Herbicides for Prevention of Potential HPPD Resistance Development
Use of Group 27 herbicides is most common in corn and small grain production systems and to a lesser extent in soybeans.
Corn:
TFNV:
Autumn Super (Group 2)
Alion (Group 29) Rely 280 (Group 10)
Cotton:
Buctril (Group 6)
Balance Flexx
None
Capreno (Group 2, 27)
Callisto Callisto Xtra (P)*
Soybeans: None
Capreno (P)*
Corvus (Group 2, 27)
Small Grain:
Liberty (Group 10)
Huskie (Group 6, 27)
Cotton:
Huskie Complete (Group 2, 6, 27)
Liberty (Group 10)
Wolverine (Group 1, 6, 27) Please refer to product labels for additional information on weeds controlled, application timings, precautions, restrictions and other important use information.
Corvus (P)*
Small Grains:
Halex GT (P)*
Huskie (P)*
Impact®
Huskie Complete (P)*
Soybeans:
Laudis
Wolverine (P)*
Autumn Super (Group 2)
Lexar (P)*
TFNV:
Liberty (Group 10)
Lumax (P)*
None
Group 27
Corn:
HPPD Inhibitors -
Common Group 27 HPPD-Inhibitor Herbicides
Radius ® (P)* (P)* = Premix product containing at least one non-HPPD chemistry
Bayer CropScience Herbicides for Prevention of Potential Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitor Resistance Development
Use of a Group 29 herbicide is registered only in TFNV.
TFNV: Alion
TFNV: Rely 280 (Group 10)
Group 29
Please refer to product labels for additional information on weeds controlled, application timings, precautions, restrictions and other important use information.
Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitors -
Common Group 29 Cellulose Biosynthesis-Inhibitor Herbicides
Glutamine Synthetase Inhibitors Group 10 HRAC Group H
What is a Group 10 herbicide?
° Inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, a key enzyme in incorporating ammonium into amino acids. ° Blockage of this enzyme allows a buildup of phytotoxic ammonia. ° Consists of products from one chemical family: phosphonic acid (glufosinate). How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 10 herbicides?
° Researchers are investigating how glutamine synthetase inhibitor resistance develops. How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 10 herbicides?
° Globally: 2 weed species confirmed ° U.S.: 1 weed species confirmed How can Group 10 herbicides fit in my resistance management strategy? introducing a new mode of action like a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, products such as glufosinate may become key ingredients ° By and management options for control of weeds resistant to ALS, glyphosate, triazine and other herbicide modes of action.
° Additionally, herbicide-tolerant traits in corn, cotton, canola and soybeans allow over-the-top use of glufosinate. ° For a complete resistance management approach, rotate crops, herbicide-tolerant traits and herbicide modes of action. Confirmed Group 10 Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* s2YEGRASS )TALIAN *Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Available at www.WeedScience.org. June 15, 2012.
Arkansas field of LibertyLink® soybeans treated with Liberty.
Bayer CropScience Herbicides for Prevention of Potential Glufosinate-Resistance Development
Use of Group 10 herbicides is most common in corn, cotton, canola, soybean and TFNV production systems. All Group 10 products are manufactured by Bayer CropScience. Liberty is registered for over-the-top use on all LibertyLink crops including corn, cotton, canola and soybeans. Liberty also can be used for burndown prior to planting any corn, soybean, cotton, canola or sugar beet crop. Rely 280 also can be used in registered tree fruit, nut and vine crops; berries; and for desiccation of potato vines.
Corn:
Small Grains:
Autumn Super (Group 2)
Axiom (Group 5,15)
Balance Flexx (Group 27)
Huskie (Group 6, 27)
Buctril (Group 6)
Huskie Complete (Group 2, 6, 27)
Capreno (Group 2, 27) Corvus (Group 2, 27) Laudis (Group 27)
Olympus (Group 2) Osprey (Group 2) Rimfire Max (Group 2)
Corn*:
Soybeans:
Liberty
Autumn Super (Group 2)
TFNV: Alion (Group 29)
Liberty
Soybeans*: Liberty
TFNV: Rely 280
Please refer to product labels for additional information on weeds controlled, application timings, precautions, restrictions and other important use information.
*Over-the-top use on LibertyLink crops only.
On the left, glyphosate-resistant pigweed overtakes a soybean field, while on the right, Liberty herbicide on LibertyLink soybeans provides an option for growers to help manage or prevent resistance.
Group 10
Cotton*:
Wolverine (Group 1, 6, 27)
Glutamine Synthetase Inhibitors -
Common Group 10 Glutamine Synthetase-Inhibitor Herbicides
Bayer CropScience Herbicide Features GROUP 2 and 27 GROUP 29
° Provides longer-lasting residual control of both grass and broadleaf weeds. ° Offers a new and unique chemistry that controls even resistant weeds. ° Delivers exceptional crop safety.
° Delivers season-long control of the toughest weeds for an amazing end-of-season clean.
° Offers the longest-lasting residual of any postemergence corn herbicide. ° Kills more than 65 grass and broadleaf weeds. ° Tankmix with glyphosate and atrazine for four modes of action to kill resistant weeds.
GROUP 2
down the toughest weeds and keeps them down for a clean start prior ° Takes to planting. mode of action to glyphosate that can help combat glyphosate° Alternative tolerant and -resistant weeds.
° Provides burndown of emerged weeds with residual. GROUP 5 and 15
GROUP 2 and 27
° Dependable, one-pass performance at the 5.6 fl oz/A rate. ° Burndown takes out early weeds. Residual prevents new weeds. ° Reactivation gets late weeds. low-dose formulation can be applied. Pre-plant burndown ° Convenient, through V2 corn. with glyphosate and atrazine pre-emergence for four modes of ° Tankmix action to kill resistant weeds.
° Provides consistent control of many grasses and certain small-seeded broadleaf weeds in wheat.
GROUP 6 and 27
° Applied from germination up to 2-leaf stage of wheat. ° Offers a unique mode of action to fight ALS- and ACCase-resistant ryegrass in wheat. ° One active ingredient inhibits cell division while the second simultaneously stops the photosynthesis process, efficiently killing target weeds.
° Postemergence control of more than 50 broadleaf weeds. ° Controls the toughest broadleaf weeds with its unique mode of action. ° The most effective tankmix starts with Huskie.
GROUP 27 GROUP 2, 6 and 27
° Tough burndown of grass and broadleaf weeds with reactivation to kill late-emerging weeds.
Tough enough to control glyphosate-resistant weeds at a low use rate.
° ™ ° CSI Safener for excellent crop safety and flexibility. ° Perfect foundation herbicide for any two-pass program.
a new active ingredient for postemergence grass weed ° Features control in spring, winter and durum wheat. It controls tough grasses, including ACCase resistant biotypes, ° and broadleaf weeds, including those resistant to commonly used wheat herbicides.
Soybeans
Corn
Tree Fruit, Nut and Vine
Cereals
GROUP 10
° Liberty herbicide is for use on all LibertyLink crops, including corn, soybeans, cotton and canola.
° Liberty herbicide with the LibertyLink trait is the only nonselective alternative to glyphosate-tolerant systems.
Liberty herbicide and the LibertyLink trait provide the most reliable ° weed resistance management solution.
°
Provides nonselective control of broadleaf and grass weeds, including weeds resistant to glyphosate and multiple herbicide classes.
GROUP 27
GROUP 10
° Delivers rapid, nonselective control of emerged broadleaf and grass weeds, including those resistant to glyphosate and multiple herbicide classes.
° Provides excellent crop safety to mature trees and vines. ° Now more powerful and cost-effective than ever before.
° Delivers postemergence control of more than 65 grass and broadleaf weeds with unsurpassed crop safety on field corn, sweet corn, popcorn and seed corn.
with Liberty for the ultimate weed resistance management tool ° Tankmix with residual control.
° Add to glyphosate to extend late postemergence control and kill resistant weeds. Add to glyphosate and Stratego® YLD for the safest and most convenient ° disease and weed management program.
GROUP 2
° Rimfire Max herbicide offers spring wheat growers tough protection for control of changing weed populations.
° Two active ingredients working together to control the changing weed spectrum — weeds such as Japanese brome and Persian darnel.
GROUP 2
° Cost-effective winter wheat herbicide that offers reliable postemergence
control of tough grass weeds, including wild oats as well as a number of key broadleaf weeds.
° Provides consistent performance with a wide application window. ° Has no grazing restrictions. ° Spring and winter burndown. GROUP 2
° Offers broad-spectrum grass control, including Italian ryegrass and wild
oats (including ACCase-resistant), and suppression of jointed goatgrass and Bromus in winter wheat.
° Full rotational crop flexibility and can be tankmixed with many broadleaf herbicides.
° Effective control of wild oats and foxtails, including ACCase-resistant biotypes in wheat.
° Perfect tankmix partner with Huskie for an effective weed-control solution. GROUP 1, 6 and 27
° The convenient postemergence solution for broad-spectrum grass and broadleaf weed control in wheat and barley.
° Control of 69 grass and broadleaf weeds — all at a single rate. ° Simplifies growers’ spray operations by eliminating the need for tankmixing.
Bayer CropScience Herbicide Features
Cotton
Herbicide Classification by Mode of Action Group
Active Ingredient Examples (AI) Mode of Action
1
A
Common Name ACCase Inhibition
B
ALS/AHAS Inhibition
Trade Name Discover NG
Fenoxaprop-P
Puma®
Wolverine, Fusion
Fluazifop-P
Fusilade DX
Fusion
Quizalofop-P
Assure II, Targa®
Clethodim
Select, Select Max
Sethoxydim
Poast
Rezult ®
Oxidase Inhibition
Phenylpyrazolin (DENs)
Pinoxaden
Axial XL
Axial TBC
(PPO)
Imidazolinone
Imazethapyr
Pursuit
OpTill, Authority Assist, Extreme, Pursuit Plus
Imazamox
Raptor, Beyond
Imazaquin
Scepter
Pyrimidinylthiobenzoate
Pyrithiobac-Na
Staple
Sulfonyl-amino-
Flucarbazone
Everest
carbonyltriazolinone
Propoxycarbazone-Na
Olympus
Photosystem II
Glycine
Glyphosate
Roundup, Touchdown
H
Glutamine Synthetase Inhibition
Phosphoric acid
Glufosinate-ammonium
Liberty, Rely 280
14
E
Protoporphyrinogen
Diphenyl ether
Acifluorfen-Na
Ultra Blazer
Fomesafen
Reflex
Lactofen
Cobra
Oxyflurfen
Goal, Galigan
Flumiclorac-pentyl
Resource
Flumioxazin
Valor, Chateau
Enlite, Envive, Gangster, Valor XLT
OpTill, Verdict
N- phenylphthalimide
Oxazolidinedione
Pentoxazone
Rimfire Max
Phenylpyrazole
Fluazolate
Corvus, Capreno, Huskie Complete
Pyrimidinedione
Butafenacil Saflufenacil
Sharpen, Treevix
Fluthiacet
Cadet
Foramsulfuron
Option ®
Triazolinone
Carfentrazone
Aim
Iodosulfuron
Autumn Super
Sulfentrazone
Authority, Spartan®
Mesosulfuron
Osprey
Rimfire Max
Nicosulfuron
Accent, Accent Q
Steadfast Q, Steadfast ATZ
Canopy, Enlite, Envive, Valor XLT, Authority XL
Acetamide
Napropamide
Devrinol ®
Chloracetamide
Acetochlor
Harness, Surpass, Warrant
Authority First, Gangster, Sonic
Alachlor
Intrro, Micro-Tech
15
K3
Mitosis Inhibition
Basis, Require Q, Resolve Q, Realm Q, Steadfast Q, Prequel®
PowerFlex, GoldSky, Axial TBC
Dimethenamid
Outlook
Hornet WDG, TripleFLEX, SureStart
Metolachlor
Dual, Dual II Magnum
Benzoic acid
Dicamba
Banvel, Clarity
Distinct, Status, NorthStar, Require Q, Yukon
Phenoxy carboxylic acid
2,4-D
Many
Rage D-Tech
2,4-DB
Butyrac ®
Stinger
WideMatch, Curtail M, Hornet WDG, SureStart, TripleFLEX
Starane
GoldSky, Pulsar, WideMatch
Picloram
Tordon ®, Grazon ®
Quinoline carboxylic acid
Quinclorac
Paramount ®
Phenyl-carbamates
Desmedipham
Betanex ®
Phenmedipham Pyridazinone
Pyrazon
Triazine
Atrazine
27
F2
Bicep II Magnum, Lumax, Lexar, Boundary,
Propachlor
Ramrod ®
Flufenacet
Define ®
Axiom, Radius
Tetrazolinone Callistemone
Fentrazamide Mesotrione
Callisto
Callisto Xtra, Lumax, Lexar, Halex GT, Camix, Realm Q
Pyruvate-Dioxygenase
Isoxazole
Isoxaflutole
Balance Pro
Balance Flexx, Corvus, Radius, Prequel
Inhibition (4-HPPD) Betamix®
29 Lumax, Lexar, Harness XTRA, Bicep II Magum,
Guardsman Max, Verdict
4-Hydroxyphenyl-
Betamix AAtrex®
Harness XTRA, SureStart, TripleFLEX
Mefenacet
Curtail M, Bronate, Orion
Fluroxypyr
Authority First, Authority MTZ, Authority Assist,
Prefix, Halex GT, Camix, Sequence
Oxyacetamide
Clopyralid
Rage D-Tech Authority XL, Sonic
Python®
Inhibition (PS II)
Flexstar GT, Flexstar
Oxadiazole
Thiadiazole
FirstRate ®
Halex GT, Sequence, Extreme, RT Master II,
10
Finesse
Chloransulam-methyl
Premixtures Containing AI Examples
Flexstar GT
Flumetsulam
Pyridine carboxylic acid
C1
EPSPS Inhibition
Chlorsulfuron
MCPA
5
G
Classic
Florasulam
Synthetic Auxins
9
Trade Name
Chlorimuron
Rimsulfuron Triazolopyrimidine
Chemical Family Common Name
Clodinafop
Sulfonylurea
O
Active Ingredient Examples (AI) Mode of Action
Aryloxyphenoxy-propionate
Thiencarbazone
4
Group WSSA HRAC
(FOPs)
Cyclohexanedione (DIMs)
2
Premixtures Containing AI Examples
Chemical Family
WSSA HRAC
L
Cellulose Biosynthesis
Pyrasulfotole
Huskie, Huskie Complete, Wolverine
Pyrazole
Topramezone
Triketone
Tembotrione
Laudis
Alkylazine
Indaziflam
Alion
Impact Capreno
Inhibition
Callisto Xtra, Guardsman Max
6
7
C3
C2
Simazine
Princep ®
Triazinone
Metribuzin
Sencor ®
Axiom, Authority MTZ, Boundary, Canopy
Triazolinone
Amicarbazone Bromacil Bentazon
Hyvar XL Basagran ®
Krovar
Photosystem II
Uracil Benzothiadiazinone
Inhibition (PS II)
Nitrile
Bromoxynil
Buctril
Buctril+Atrazine, Bronate, Huskie, Huskie Complete,Wolverine
Phenyl-pyridazine
Pyridate
Photosystem II
Urea
Diuron
Diuron, Karmex
Amide
Fluometuron Propanil
Cotoran Stam, Propanil
Inhibitior (PS II)
Storm ®, Rezult
This table is a partial listing of WSSA, HRAC-approved group numbers or letters and a partial listing of active ingredients and products which may be contained within a chemical family. Group 29/L is a newly approved classification by WSSA/HRAC. For a complete summary of listing of herbicide mechanisms of action, refer to Summary of Herbicide Mechanism of Action According to the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) available at www.wssa.net/Weeds/Resistance/WSSA-Mechanismof-Action.pdf. Bayer CropScience commercial products are highlighted in blue.
For more information visit www.BayerCropScience.us IMPORTANT: This bulletin is not intended to provide adequate information for use of these products. Read the label before using these products. Observe all label directions and precautions while using these products. Bayer CropScience LP, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Always read and follow label instructions. Bayer (reg’d), the Bayer Cross (reg’d), Alion®, Autumn™, Axiom®, Balance ®, Betamix®, Betanex®, Bronate® Advanced™, Buctril®, Capreno®, Corvus®, CSI™ Safener, Define®, Huskie ®, Laudis®, Liberty®, LibertyLink®, Olympus®, Option®, Osprey®, Poncho®, Puma®, Radius®, Rely®, Respect the Rotation™, Rimfire®, Sencor ®, Stratego®, VOTiVO®, the Water Droplet Design (reg’d) and Wolverine ® are trademarks of Bayer. AAtrex, atrazine, Balance Flexx, Bicep II Magnum, Breakfree ATZ, Corvus, Cinch ATZ, Expert, Degree XTRA, FulTime, G-Max Lite, Guardsman Max, Harness XTRA, Intrro, Keystone, Lariat, Lexar, Lumax, Micro-Tech, Radius and Shotgun are Restricted Use Pesticides. Alion, Autumn, Autumn Super, Axiom, Balance Flexx, Balance Pro, Betamix, Betanex,Buctril, Capreno, Corvus, Define, Huskie, Huskie Complete, Laudis, Liberty, Olympus, Osprey, Poncho, Poncho/VOTiVO, Puma, Radius, Rely 280, Rimfire Max, Sencor, Stratego YLD, VOTiVO and Wolverine are not registered in all states. Cornerstone is a trademark of Agriliance LLC. GlyStar is a trademark of Agrisel USA, Inc. Butyrac and Oxystar are trademarks of Albaugh, Inc. Impact is a trademark of Amvac Chemical Corporation. Basagran, Everest and Select are trademarks of Arysta LifeScience Corporation. Beyond, Clarity, Distinct, Extreme, G-Max Lite, Guardsman Max, Kixor, Lightning, OpTill, Outlook, Paramount, Poast, Pursuit, Raptor, Rezult, Scepter, Sharpen, Status, Treevix and Verdict are trademarks of BASF Corporation. Glyfos is a trademark of Cheminova. Curtail, Durango, FirstRate, FulTime, Goal, GoldSky, Grazon, Hornet, Keystone, Pindar, Python, PowerFlex, Sonic, Starane, Stinger, SureStart, Surpass, TopNotch, Tordon and WideMatch are trademarks of Dow AgroSciences. Abundit, Accent, Affinity, Ally, Assure, Banvel, Basis, Breakfree, Canopy, Cinch, Classic, Enlite, Envive, Finesse, Glean, Harmony, Hyvar, Krovar, Matrix, Prequel, Realm Q, Require, Resolve, Sinbar, Staple, Steadfast and Synchrony are trademarks of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. Aim, Cadet, Rage, Rage D-Tech, Shark and Spartan are trademarks of FMC Agricultural Products. Targa and Yukon are trademarks of Gowan Company LLC. Cotoran, Direx, Galigan and Karmex are trademarks of Makhteshim-Agan of North America. Bullet, Degree Xtra, Harness, Honcho, Intrro, Landmaster, Lariat, Maverick, Micro-Tech, Ramrod, Roundup, RT Master, TripleFLEX and Warrant are trademarks of Monsanto Technology LLC. ET is a trademark of Nichino America, Inc. Credit is a trademark of Nufarm Americas, Inc. Alecto is a trademark of Ritter Chemical, LLC. AAtrex, Amber, Axial, Authority, Bicep II Magnum, Boundary, Callisto, Camix, Caparol, Discover, Dual II Magnum, Envoke, Expert, Flexstar, Fusilade, Foxfire, Fusion, Halex, Lexar, Lumax, NorthStar, Orion, Prefix, Princep, Pulsar, Rave, Reflex, Sequence, Spirit, Suprend and Touchdown are trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. Buccaneer is a trademark of Tenkoz Inc. Makaze and Shotgun are trademarks of United Agri Products. Devrinol, Storm and Ultra Blazer are trademarks of United Phosphorous, Inc. Gly-4 is a trademark of Universal Crop Protection Alliance. Chateau, Cobra, Gangster, Phoenix, Resource and Valor are trademarks of Valent U.S.A Corporation. For additional product information, call toll-free 1-866-99-BAYER (1-866-992-2937) or visit our website at ww.BayerCropScience.us CR0512MULTI1A114V00R0 2012