HOW TO TALK MATH
HOW TO TALK MATH Over 100 Math Words that every student MUST KNOW
Other books by Brett Bernard: Total Math Engagement
HOW TO TALK MATH Over 100 Math Words that every student MUST KNOW
by
Published by Gold Medal Staff Development, LLC www.brettbernard.com Copyright © 2015 Gold Medal Staff Development, LLC All rights reserved In accordance with the U.S. Copyright Act of 1975, the reproducing, scanning, uploading, and electronic sharing of any part of this book without permission of the publisher is unlawful piracy and the theft of the author’s intellectual property. If you would like to use material from the book (other than for review purposes), prior written permission must be obtained from the publisher. Thank you for supporting the author’s rights. Cover Design: Peacock Designs Interior artwork by Shindeyash Designs Printed by CreateSpace Printed in the United States of America ISBN-13: 978-1535110723 ISBN-10: 1535110724
Table of Contents How to use this book.................................................................................................................. 1 Geometry ................................................................................................................................... 2 Create a Bumper Sticker .............................................................................................................. 13 Design a Cartoon Strip ................................................................................................................. 14 Write an Acrostic Poem ............................................................................................................... 15 Super Sentences........................................................................................................................... 16 Create a Word Search .................................................................................................................. 17 Glossary – Geometry ................................................................................................................... 18 Data and Measurement ........................................................................................................... 23 Create a Bumper Sticker .............................................................................................................. 34 Design a Cartoon Strip ................................................................................................................. 35 Write an Acrostic Poem ............................................................................................................... 36 Super Sentences........................................................................................................................... 37 Create a Word Search .................................................................................................................. 38 Glossary – Data & Measurement ................................................................................................. 39 Algebra .................................................................................................................................... 43 Create a Bumper Sticker .............................................................................................................. 54 Design a Cartoon Strip ................................................................................................................. 55 Write an Acrostic Poem ............................................................................................................... 56 Super Sentences........................................................................................................................... 57 Create a Word Search .................................................................................................................. 58 Glossary – Algebra ....................................................................................................................... 59 Number Sense and Operations ................................................................................................ 63 Create a Bumper Sticker .............................................................................................................. 74 Design a Cartoon Strip ................................................................................................................. 75 Write an Acrostic Poem ............................................................................................................... 76 Super Sentences........................................................................................................................... 77 Create a Word Search .................................................................................................................. 78 Glossary – Number Sense ............................................................................................................ 79 Scavenger Hunt ........................................................................................................................ 83 About the Author ..................................................................................................................... 87
How to use this book This book is set up as a Whole Brain Journal with a glossary. Your job is to write each word (in alphabetical order) from the glossary and its definition and then draw a colorful, detailed picture to show what each word or phrase means. The first three words have been added to help you get started. Let’s take a look at the two ways you can do this. 1. Definition and Draw
2. Definition and Example Even number: A counting number that can be divided by two. For example, 2, 4, 6, and 8 are even numbers.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
You will see that there are examples and drawings in the glossary. This is to help you understand what the words mean. These drawings and examples are meant to give you a start. For example, if the glossary shows an example of a cylinder, you could create a drawing of a soda can, a garbage can, or any other container. Be sure to do detailed work and to use color.
Geometry
Geometry
angle
apex
area
3
4
How to Talk Math
Geometry
5
i
6
How to Talk Math
Geometry
7
i
8
How to Talk Math
Geometry
9
i
10
How to Talk Math
Geometry
11
i
12
How to Talk Math
Geometry
13
Create a Bumper Sticker Choose one of the math words from your Whole Brain Journal and create a bumper sticker that shows the meaning of that word. Include a drawing or design that shows the meaning of the word. Please use your creativity and color!
i
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How to Talk Math
Design a Cartoon Strip Choose one (or as many as you would like) of the math words in this book and create a cartoon strip that shows the meaning of the word or words. You can use your own characters or your favorite characters that you know from books and television. Have fun and don’t forget to be creative and use color.
Geometry
15
Write an Acrostic Poem You can write an acrostic poem using the directions below. 1. Choose one of the math vocabulary words. 2. Write the word vertically on your paper. Be sure to capitalize each letter. 3. Start each line of the poem with the capital letters you wrote. 4. Each line of the acrostic poem should include a word or phrase related to that word. Please see the example for reference. 5. For an added bonus, you may choose to make this colorful. Example:
Multiplication Addition Triangle Horizontal
Try your own acrostic poem below.
i
16
How to Talk Math
Super Sentences Choose fifteen of your vocabulary words and write each one in a complete sentence following the directions below. 1. Use capital letters and punctuation. 2. Do your best to spell correctly. 3. Underline the vocabulary word. 4. Be sure that the sentence helps people understand what the word means. Example: The building in Washington, D.C., is called the Pentagon, because it has five sides.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Geometry
17
Create a Word Search … become more familiar with your new math vocabulary
1. Choose sixteen of your new math words and write them in the word bank at the bottom of this page. 2. Write the words in the grid. You may do this across (horizontally), up and down (vertically), and diagonally. 3. Fill in the open spaces with random letters that will hide your words and make it challenging for your friends to find them. 4. Double check your work to make sure it is neat and accurate. 5. Trade with a partner and start searching for those new math words!
Math Word Search
Word Bank 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
i
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How to Talk Math
Glossary – Geometry Angle: a figure that is formed by two rays or two line segments with a common endpoint.
Apex: in a cone or pyramid, the vertex is opposite to the base. In a pyramid, all the faces except the base meet at the apex.
Concave polygon: a polygon in which at least one vertex goes in. At least one inside angle of a concave polygon is a reflex angle, with a measure of more than 180 degrees.
Concentric circles: circles that have the same center but radii of different lengths.
Area: the amount of surface inside a shape. Area is measured in square units such as square inches, square feet, or square yards. Cone: a three-dimensional shape that has a circular base and a curved surface that ends in a point called an apex or vertex.
Base: a name used for a side of a polygon or a face of a three-dimensional figure
Geometry
Congruent: figures that have the same shape and the same size. Two figures are congruent if they match exactly when placed on top of each other.
19
Cylinder: a three-dimensional shape with two circular bases that are parallel and congruent and are connected by a curved surface. A soda can is shaped like a cylinder.
Convex polygon: a polygon in which all vertices are pushed outward. Each inside angle of a convex polygon has a measure less than 180 degrees.
Edge: the line segment where two faces of a solid figure meet.
Equilateral triangle: a triangle with all three sides equal in length and all angles have the same measure. Cube: a three-dimensional shape that has six square faces. A cube has 12 edges and 8 vertices.
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How to Talk Math
Face: a flat surface or side of a solid figure.
Pentagon: A polygon with five sides.
Intersect: to meet or to cross.
Perpendicular: two segments, rays, or lines that form a 90 degree angle.
Line segment: a part of a line. A line segment has two endpoints.
Point: an exact location in space, often represented by a dot.
Parallel: always the same distance apart, and never meeting or crossing each other. Railroad tracks are parallel.
Parallel Lines
Parallelogram: a quadrilateral (four-sided figure) that has both pairs of opposite sides equal and parallel.
Polygon: a closed figure with sides made of straight-line segments. Some examples include rectangles, triangles, and squares.
Geometry
Prism: a solid that has two parallel bases that are formed by polygons with the same size and shape. The other faces connect the bases and are all shaped like parallelograms. Prisms take their names from the shapes of their bases. Triangular prisms and rectangular prisms are two examples.
Pyramid: a solid in which one face, the base, may have any polygon shape. All of the other faces have triangular shapes and come together at a vertex called the apex. A pyramid takes its name from the shape of the base. If the base is rectangular, it is a rectangular pyramid.
21
Rotation: a movement of a figure around a fixed point, or axis. A rotation is like a turn.
Similar: figures that have the same shape but not the same size.
Ray: a part of a line that has an endpoint and goes forever in the other direction.
Translation: a movement of a figure along a straight line. Each point of the figure slides the same distance in the same direction. Reflection: the “flipping” of a figure over a line so that its image reflects and is the mirror image of the original figure.
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How to Talk Math
Vertex: a point where the sides of the angle, the sides of a polygon, or the edges of a solid meet; any corner of a solid.
Data and Measurement
24
How to Talk Math
area
average
bar graph
Data and Measurement
25
26
How to Talk Math
Data and Measurement
27
28
How to Talk Math
Data and Measurement
29
30
How to Talk Math
Data and Measurement
31
32
How to Talk Math
Data and Measurement
33
34
How to Talk Math
Create a Bumper Sticker Choose one of the math words from your Whole Brain Journal and create a bumper sticker that shows the meaning of that word. Include a drawing or design that shows the meaning of the word. Please use your creativity and color!
Data and Measurement
Design a Cartoon Strip Choose one (or as many as you would like) of the math words in this book and create a cartoon strip that shows the meaning of the word or words. You can use your own characters or your favorite characters that you know from books and television. Have fun and don’t forget to be creative and use color.
35
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How to Talk Math
Write an Acrostic Poem You can write an acrostic poem using the directions below. 6. Choose one of the math vocabulary words. 7. Write the word vertically on your paper. Be sure to capitalize each letter. 8. Start each line of the poem with the capital letters you wrote. 9. Each line of the acrostic poem should include a word or phrase related to that word. Please see the example for reference. 10. For an added bonus, you may choose to make this colorful. Example:
Multiplication Addition Triangle Horizontal
Try your own acrostic poem below.
Data and Measurement
37
Super Sentences Choose fifteen of your vocabulary words and write each one in a complete sentence following the directions below. 5. Use capital letters and punctuation. 6. Do your best to spell correctly. 7. Underline the vocabulary word. 8. Be sure that the sentence helps people understand what the word means. Example: The building in Washington, D.C., is called the Pentagon, because it has five sides.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
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How to Talk Math
Create a Word Search … become more familiar with your new math vocabulary
6. Choose sixteen of your new math words and write them in the word bank at the bottom of this page. 7. Write the words in the grid. You may do this across (horizontally), up and down (vertically), and diagonally. 8. Fill in the open spaces with random letters that will hide your words and make it challenging for your friends to find them. 9. Double check your work to make sure it is neat and accurate. 10. Trade with a partner and start searching for those new math words!
Math Word Search
Word Bank 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Data and Measurement
39
Glossary – Data & Measurement Area: the amount of surface inside a shape. Ares is measured in square units such as square inches, square feet, or square yards. Area can also be found by multiplying the base by the height.
Average: a typical value for a set of numbers. The word average is the same as the mean of a set of numbers.
Capacity: the amount a container can hold. Capacity can be measured in gallons, pints, and cups. Capacity also refers to the heaviest weight a scale can measure.
Circle graph: a graph in which a circle is divided into sectors, or parts, to show the parts of a set of data. The whole circle represents the whole set of data. It is also known as a pie graph.
Bar graph: a graph that uses horizontal or vertical bars to represent data.
Circumference: the distance around a circle; often referred to as the perimeter of a circle.
Broken line graph data: information that is gathered by counting, measuring, questioning, or observing.
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How to Talk Math
Diameter: a line segment that goes through the center of a circle and has endpoints on the circle. The diameter of a circle or sphere is twice the length of the radius.
Landmark: a notable feature of a data set. Landmarks can include minimum, maximum, median, mode, mean, and range.
Line plot: a sketch of data in which check marks, x’s, or other marks above a labeled line show the frequency of each value.
Mass: a measure of how much space a solid figure takes up. Volume is measured in cubic units such as cubic centimeters or cubic inches. The volume or capacity will tell how much the container will hold. Capacity is measured in units like gallon or liters.
Length: the measurement of something from end to end.
Line graph: a line graph uses line segments to connect data points. Line graphs show how something has changed over time.
Maximum: the largest amount. The largest, or greatest, number in a set of data.
Minimum: the smallest amount. The smallest number in a set of data.
Data and Measurement
Mean: the average number in a set of data. The mean is found by adding all of the data values and dividing by the number of numerals in the set of data.
41
Outlier: a number that is different from all the other numbers in a set. For example, in this set of numbers (3, 4, 2, 5, 19), 19 is the outlier.
Perimeter: the distance around a polygon or other shape.
Median: the middle number in a set of data when the numbers are put in order from least to greatest.
Meter: a unit of length equal to 100 centimeters.
Radius: a line segment from the center of a circle to any point on the circle. The radius of a circle is one-half of the diameter.
Metric: a system of measurement based on the base-ten numeration system. It is used in most countries around the world. Examples of metric measurement include decimeter (dm), centimeter (cm), millimeter (mm), and kilometer (km). Milli – 0.001
1 millimeter = 0.001m
Centi – 0.01
1 centimeter = 0.01m
Deci – 0.1
1 decimeter = 0.1m
1
1 meter = 1m
Deka – 10
1 dekameter = 10m
Hecto – 100
1 hectometer = 100m
Kilo – 1,000
1 kilometer = 1,000m
Range: the difference between the largest (maximum) and the smallest (minimum) numbers in a set of data.
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How to Talk Math
Square unit: a unit used in measuring an area such as a square centimeter or a square foot.
Volume: the measurement of how much space a solid object takes up. Volume is measured in cubic units, such as cubic centimeters or cubic inches.
Survey: a way of gathering information or data. For example, someone might take a survey of what the most popular type of ice cream is.
Tally chart: a table that uses marks, called tallies, to show how many times each value appears in a set of data.
U.S. customary system: the measuring system most frequently used in the United States. Some examples of units of measurement include inches, feet, yards, and miles.
Width: the measurement of something from side to side.
Yard: a unit of measure equal to 3 feet or 36 inches.
Algebra
44
How toTalk Math
algebraic expression
associative property of addition
associative property of multiplication
Algebra
45
46
How toTalk Math
Algebra
47
48
How toTalk Math
Algebra
49
50
How toTalk Math
Algebra
51
52
How toTalk Math
Algebra
53
54
How toTalk Math
Create a Bumper Sticker Choose one of the math words from your Whole Brain Journal and create a bumper sticker that shows the meaning of that word. Include a drawing or design that shows the meaning of the word. Please use your creativity and color!
Algebra
Design a Cartoon Strip Choose one (or as many as you would like) of the math words in this book and create a cartoon strip that shows the meaning of the word or words. You can use your own characters or your favorite characters that you know from books and television. Have fun and don’t forget to be creative and use color.
55
56
How toTalk Math
Write an Acrostic Poem You can write an acrostic poem using the directions below. 1. Choose one of the math vocabulary words. 2. Write the word vertically on your paper. Be sure to capitalize each letter. 3. Start each line of the poem with the capital letters you wrote. 4. Each line of the acrostic poem should include a word or phrase related to that word. Please see the example for reference. 5. For an added bonus, you may choose to make this colorful. Example:
Multiplication Addition Triangle Horizontal
Try your own acrostic poem below.
Algebra
57
Super Sentences Choose fifteen of your vocabulary words and write each one in a complete sentence following the directions below. 1. Use capital letters and punctuation. 2. Do your best to spell correctly. 3. Underline the vocabulary word. 4. Be sure that the sentence helps people understand what the word means. Example: The building in Washington, D.C., is called the Pentagon, because it has five sides.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
58
How toTalk Math
Create a Word Search … become more familiar with your new math vocabulary
1. Choose sixteen of your new math words and write them in the word bank at the bottom of this page. 2. Write the words in the grid. You may do this across (horizontally), up and down (vertically), and diagonally. 3. Fill in the open spaces with random letters that will hide your words and make it challenging for your friends to find them. 4. Double check your work to make sure it is neat and accurate. 5. Trade with a partner and start searching for those new math words!
Math Word Search
Word Bank 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Algebra
59
Glossary – Algebra Algebra is the part of math in which letters and other symbols are used to represent numbers and quantities.
Algebraic expression: an expression that contains a variable. For example, if Brody is 2 inches taller than Nora, and if the variable B represents Brody’s height, then the algebraic expression B-2 represents Nora’s height.
Associative property of addition: grouping the addends in different ways does not change the sum (answer). For example, 3+(7+5)=(3+7)+5.
Associative property of multiplication: grouping the factors in different ways does not change the product (answer). For example, 2x(5x6)=(2x5)x6
Commutative property of addition: it does not make a difference in which order the numbers are added. For example, 2+3=5 and 3+2=5.
Commutative property of multiplication: it does not make a difference in which order the numbers are multiplied. For example, 2x3=6 and 3x2=6.
Composite number: numbers that have 3 or more factors. For example, 6 is a composite number because it has 4 factors (1, 2, 3, 6).
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How toTalk Math
Distributive property: a property of real numbers stating that - a *(b+c)=(a*b) + (a*c). For example, 3*(40+5)=(3*40)+(3*5).
Exponent: a number written above and to the right of another numeral to indicate how many times the original number is used as a factor. For example in 23 the number 2 is multiplied 3 times: 2x2x2.
Equal =: this symbol goes in between two numbers and symbolizes that the numbers are the same in value, or equal. For example, 4=4, ½=0.50. Expression: a group of mathematical symbols that represents a number – or can represent a number if values are assigned to any variables in the expression. An expression could include numbers, variables, and operation symbols such as +, -, x. Equation: a number sentence with an = (equal sign) and a solution. 6-4=2 is an equation.
Equivalent: representing the same number or amount. For example, ½ and 2/4 are equivalent fractions. Greater than >: this symbol goes between two numbers and symbolizes that the first number is greater than the second number. For example, 4>2. Evaluate: to find a numerical expression or equivalence for an equation, formula, or function.
Algebra Greater than or equal to ≥: The symbol in between a≥b means that a is greater than or equal to b. This is known as an inequality.
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Irrational number: a number that can’t be written as a fraction, where both the numerator and the denominator are integers and the denominator is not zero. (pi) is an example of an irrational number.
Identity property of addition: adding zero to a number gives a sum identical to the given number. For example, 3+0=3. Less than
Other books by Brett Bernard: Total Math Engagement
HOW TO TALK MATH Over 100 Math Words that every student MUST KNOW
by
Published by Gold Medal Staff Development, LLC www.brettbernard.com Copyright © 2015 Gold Medal Staff Development, LLC All rights reserved In accordance with the U.S. Copyright Act of 1975, the reproducing, scanning, uploading, and electronic sharing of any part of this book without permission of the publisher is unlawful piracy and the theft of the author’s intellectual property. If you would like to use material from the book (other than for review purposes), prior written permission must be obtained from the publisher. Thank you for supporting the author’s rights. Cover Design: Peacock Designs Interior artwork by Shindeyash Designs Printed by CreateSpace Printed in the United States of America ISBN-13: 978-1535110723 ISBN-10: 1535110724
Table of Contents How to use this book.................................................................................................................. 1 Geometry ................................................................................................................................... 2 Create a Bumper Sticker .............................................................................................................. 13 Design a Cartoon Strip ................................................................................................................. 14 Write an Acrostic Poem ............................................................................................................... 15 Super Sentences........................................................................................................................... 16 Create a Word Search .................................................................................................................. 17 Glossary – Geometry ................................................................................................................... 18 Data and Measurement ........................................................................................................... 23 Create a Bumper Sticker .............................................................................................................. 34 Design a Cartoon Strip ................................................................................................................. 35 Write an Acrostic Poem ............................................................................................................... 36 Super Sentences........................................................................................................................... 37 Create a Word Search .................................................................................................................. 38 Glossary – Data & Measurement ................................................................................................. 39 Algebra .................................................................................................................................... 43 Create a Bumper Sticker .............................................................................................................. 54 Design a Cartoon Strip ................................................................................................................. 55 Write an Acrostic Poem ............................................................................................................... 56 Super Sentences........................................................................................................................... 57 Create a Word Search .................................................................................................................. 58 Glossary – Algebra ....................................................................................................................... 59 Number Sense and Operations ................................................................................................ 63 Create a Bumper Sticker .............................................................................................................. 74 Design a Cartoon Strip ................................................................................................................. 75 Write an Acrostic Poem ............................................................................................................... 76 Super Sentences........................................................................................................................... 77 Create a Word Search .................................................................................................................. 78 Glossary – Number Sense ............................................................................................................ 79 Scavenger Hunt ........................................................................................................................ 83 About the Author ..................................................................................................................... 87
How to use this book This book is set up as a Whole Brain Journal with a glossary. Your job is to write each word (in alphabetical order) from the glossary and its definition and then draw a colorful, detailed picture to show what each word or phrase means. The first three words have been added to help you get started. Let’s take a look at the two ways you can do this. 1. Definition and Draw
2. Definition and Example Even number: A counting number that can be divided by two. For example, 2, 4, 6, and 8 are even numbers.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
You will see that there are examples and drawings in the glossary. This is to help you understand what the words mean. These drawings and examples are meant to give you a start. For example, if the glossary shows an example of a cylinder, you could create a drawing of a soda can, a garbage can, or any other container. Be sure to do detailed work and to use color.
Geometry
Geometry
angle
apex
area
3
4
How to Talk Math
Geometry
5
i
6
How to Talk Math
Geometry
7
i
8
How to Talk Math
Geometry
9
i
10
How to Talk Math
Geometry
11
i
12
How to Talk Math
Geometry
13
Create a Bumper Sticker Choose one of the math words from your Whole Brain Journal and create a bumper sticker that shows the meaning of that word. Include a drawing or design that shows the meaning of the word. Please use your creativity and color!
i
14
How to Talk Math
Design a Cartoon Strip Choose one (or as many as you would like) of the math words in this book and create a cartoon strip that shows the meaning of the word or words. You can use your own characters or your favorite characters that you know from books and television. Have fun and don’t forget to be creative and use color.
Geometry
15
Write an Acrostic Poem You can write an acrostic poem using the directions below. 1. Choose one of the math vocabulary words. 2. Write the word vertically on your paper. Be sure to capitalize each letter. 3. Start each line of the poem with the capital letters you wrote. 4. Each line of the acrostic poem should include a word or phrase related to that word. Please see the example for reference. 5. For an added bonus, you may choose to make this colorful. Example:
Multiplication Addition Triangle Horizontal
Try your own acrostic poem below.
i
16
How to Talk Math
Super Sentences Choose fifteen of your vocabulary words and write each one in a complete sentence following the directions below. 1. Use capital letters and punctuation. 2. Do your best to spell correctly. 3. Underline the vocabulary word. 4. Be sure that the sentence helps people understand what the word means. Example: The building in Washington, D.C., is called the Pentagon, because it has five sides.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Geometry
17
Create a Word Search … become more familiar with your new math vocabulary
1. Choose sixteen of your new math words and write them in the word bank at the bottom of this page. 2. Write the words in the grid. You may do this across (horizontally), up and down (vertically), and diagonally. 3. Fill in the open spaces with random letters that will hide your words and make it challenging for your friends to find them. 4. Double check your work to make sure it is neat and accurate. 5. Trade with a partner and start searching for those new math words!
Math Word Search
Word Bank 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
i
18
How to Talk Math
Glossary – Geometry Angle: a figure that is formed by two rays or two line segments with a common endpoint.
Apex: in a cone or pyramid, the vertex is opposite to the base. In a pyramid, all the faces except the base meet at the apex.
Concave polygon: a polygon in which at least one vertex goes in. At least one inside angle of a concave polygon is a reflex angle, with a measure of more than 180 degrees.
Concentric circles: circles that have the same center but radii of different lengths.
Area: the amount of surface inside a shape. Area is measured in square units such as square inches, square feet, or square yards. Cone: a three-dimensional shape that has a circular base and a curved surface that ends in a point called an apex or vertex.
Base: a name used for a side of a polygon or a face of a three-dimensional figure
Geometry
Congruent: figures that have the same shape and the same size. Two figures are congruent if they match exactly when placed on top of each other.
19
Cylinder: a three-dimensional shape with two circular bases that are parallel and congruent and are connected by a curved surface. A soda can is shaped like a cylinder.
Convex polygon: a polygon in which all vertices are pushed outward. Each inside angle of a convex polygon has a measure less than 180 degrees.
Edge: the line segment where two faces of a solid figure meet.
Equilateral triangle: a triangle with all three sides equal in length and all angles have the same measure. Cube: a three-dimensional shape that has six square faces. A cube has 12 edges and 8 vertices.
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How to Talk Math
Face: a flat surface or side of a solid figure.
Pentagon: A polygon with five sides.
Intersect: to meet or to cross.
Perpendicular: two segments, rays, or lines that form a 90 degree angle.
Line segment: a part of a line. A line segment has two endpoints.
Point: an exact location in space, often represented by a dot.
Parallel: always the same distance apart, and never meeting or crossing each other. Railroad tracks are parallel.
Parallel Lines
Parallelogram: a quadrilateral (four-sided figure) that has both pairs of opposite sides equal and parallel.
Polygon: a closed figure with sides made of straight-line segments. Some examples include rectangles, triangles, and squares.
Geometry
Prism: a solid that has two parallel bases that are formed by polygons with the same size and shape. The other faces connect the bases and are all shaped like parallelograms. Prisms take their names from the shapes of their bases. Triangular prisms and rectangular prisms are two examples.
Pyramid: a solid in which one face, the base, may have any polygon shape. All of the other faces have triangular shapes and come together at a vertex called the apex. A pyramid takes its name from the shape of the base. If the base is rectangular, it is a rectangular pyramid.
21
Rotation: a movement of a figure around a fixed point, or axis. A rotation is like a turn.
Similar: figures that have the same shape but not the same size.
Ray: a part of a line that has an endpoint and goes forever in the other direction.
Translation: a movement of a figure along a straight line. Each point of the figure slides the same distance in the same direction. Reflection: the “flipping” of a figure over a line so that its image reflects and is the mirror image of the original figure.
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How to Talk Math
Vertex: a point where the sides of the angle, the sides of a polygon, or the edges of a solid meet; any corner of a solid.
Data and Measurement
24
How to Talk Math
area
average
bar graph
Data and Measurement
25
26
How to Talk Math
Data and Measurement
27
28
How to Talk Math
Data and Measurement
29
30
How to Talk Math
Data and Measurement
31
32
How to Talk Math
Data and Measurement
33
34
How to Talk Math
Create a Bumper Sticker Choose one of the math words from your Whole Brain Journal and create a bumper sticker that shows the meaning of that word. Include a drawing or design that shows the meaning of the word. Please use your creativity and color!
Data and Measurement
Design a Cartoon Strip Choose one (or as many as you would like) of the math words in this book and create a cartoon strip that shows the meaning of the word or words. You can use your own characters or your favorite characters that you know from books and television. Have fun and don’t forget to be creative and use color.
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How to Talk Math
Write an Acrostic Poem You can write an acrostic poem using the directions below. 6. Choose one of the math vocabulary words. 7. Write the word vertically on your paper. Be sure to capitalize each letter. 8. Start each line of the poem with the capital letters you wrote. 9. Each line of the acrostic poem should include a word or phrase related to that word. Please see the example for reference. 10. For an added bonus, you may choose to make this colorful. Example:
Multiplication Addition Triangle Horizontal
Try your own acrostic poem below.
Data and Measurement
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Super Sentences Choose fifteen of your vocabulary words and write each one in a complete sentence following the directions below. 5. Use capital letters and punctuation. 6. Do your best to spell correctly. 7. Underline the vocabulary word. 8. Be sure that the sentence helps people understand what the word means. Example: The building in Washington, D.C., is called the Pentagon, because it has five sides.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
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How to Talk Math
Create a Word Search … become more familiar with your new math vocabulary
6. Choose sixteen of your new math words and write them in the word bank at the bottom of this page. 7. Write the words in the grid. You may do this across (horizontally), up and down (vertically), and diagonally. 8. Fill in the open spaces with random letters that will hide your words and make it challenging for your friends to find them. 9. Double check your work to make sure it is neat and accurate. 10. Trade with a partner and start searching for those new math words!
Math Word Search
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Data and Measurement
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Glossary – Data & Measurement Area: the amount of surface inside a shape. Ares is measured in square units such as square inches, square feet, or square yards. Area can also be found by multiplying the base by the height.
Average: a typical value for a set of numbers. The word average is the same as the mean of a set of numbers.
Capacity: the amount a container can hold. Capacity can be measured in gallons, pints, and cups. Capacity also refers to the heaviest weight a scale can measure.
Circle graph: a graph in which a circle is divided into sectors, or parts, to show the parts of a set of data. The whole circle represents the whole set of data. It is also known as a pie graph.
Bar graph: a graph that uses horizontal or vertical bars to represent data.
Circumference: the distance around a circle; often referred to as the perimeter of a circle.
Broken line graph data: information that is gathered by counting, measuring, questioning, or observing.
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How to Talk Math
Diameter: a line segment that goes through the center of a circle and has endpoints on the circle. The diameter of a circle or sphere is twice the length of the radius.
Landmark: a notable feature of a data set. Landmarks can include minimum, maximum, median, mode, mean, and range.
Line plot: a sketch of data in which check marks, x’s, or other marks above a labeled line show the frequency of each value.
Mass: a measure of how much space a solid figure takes up. Volume is measured in cubic units such as cubic centimeters or cubic inches. The volume or capacity will tell how much the container will hold. Capacity is measured in units like gallon or liters.
Length: the measurement of something from end to end.
Line graph: a line graph uses line segments to connect data points. Line graphs show how something has changed over time.
Maximum: the largest amount. The largest, or greatest, number in a set of data.
Minimum: the smallest amount. The smallest number in a set of data.
Data and Measurement
Mean: the average number in a set of data. The mean is found by adding all of the data values and dividing by the number of numerals in the set of data.
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Outlier: a number that is different from all the other numbers in a set. For example, in this set of numbers (3, 4, 2, 5, 19), 19 is the outlier.
Perimeter: the distance around a polygon or other shape.
Median: the middle number in a set of data when the numbers are put in order from least to greatest.
Meter: a unit of length equal to 100 centimeters.
Radius: a line segment from the center of a circle to any point on the circle. The radius of a circle is one-half of the diameter.
Metric: a system of measurement based on the base-ten numeration system. It is used in most countries around the world. Examples of metric measurement include decimeter (dm), centimeter (cm), millimeter (mm), and kilometer (km). Milli – 0.001
1 millimeter = 0.001m
Centi – 0.01
1 centimeter = 0.01m
Deci – 0.1
1 decimeter = 0.1m
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1 meter = 1m
Deka – 10
1 dekameter = 10m
Hecto – 100
1 hectometer = 100m
Kilo – 1,000
1 kilometer = 1,000m
Range: the difference between the largest (maximum) and the smallest (minimum) numbers in a set of data.
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How to Talk Math
Square unit: a unit used in measuring an area such as a square centimeter or a square foot.
Volume: the measurement of how much space a solid object takes up. Volume is measured in cubic units, such as cubic centimeters or cubic inches.
Survey: a way of gathering information or data. For example, someone might take a survey of what the most popular type of ice cream is.
Tally chart: a table that uses marks, called tallies, to show how many times each value appears in a set of data.
U.S. customary system: the measuring system most frequently used in the United States. Some examples of units of measurement include inches, feet, yards, and miles.
Width: the measurement of something from side to side.
Yard: a unit of measure equal to 3 feet or 36 inches.
Algebra
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How toTalk Math
algebraic expression
associative property of addition
associative property of multiplication
Algebra
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Algebra
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How toTalk Math
Algebra
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Algebra
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Algebra
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How toTalk Math
Create a Bumper Sticker Choose one of the math words from your Whole Brain Journal and create a bumper sticker that shows the meaning of that word. Include a drawing or design that shows the meaning of the word. Please use your creativity and color!
Algebra
Design a Cartoon Strip Choose one (or as many as you would like) of the math words in this book and create a cartoon strip that shows the meaning of the word or words. You can use your own characters or your favorite characters that you know from books and television. Have fun and don’t forget to be creative and use color.
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How toTalk Math
Write an Acrostic Poem You can write an acrostic poem using the directions below. 1. Choose one of the math vocabulary words. 2. Write the word vertically on your paper. Be sure to capitalize each letter. 3. Start each line of the poem with the capital letters you wrote. 4. Each line of the acrostic poem should include a word or phrase related to that word. Please see the example for reference. 5. For an added bonus, you may choose to make this colorful. Example:
Multiplication Addition Triangle Horizontal
Try your own acrostic poem below.
Algebra
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Super Sentences Choose fifteen of your vocabulary words and write each one in a complete sentence following the directions below. 1. Use capital letters and punctuation. 2. Do your best to spell correctly. 3. Underline the vocabulary word. 4. Be sure that the sentence helps people understand what the word means. Example: The building in Washington, D.C., is called the Pentagon, because it has five sides.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
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How toTalk Math
Create a Word Search … become more familiar with your new math vocabulary
1. Choose sixteen of your new math words and write them in the word bank at the bottom of this page. 2. Write the words in the grid. You may do this across (horizontally), up and down (vertically), and diagonally. 3. Fill in the open spaces with random letters that will hide your words and make it challenging for your friends to find them. 4. Double check your work to make sure it is neat and accurate. 5. Trade with a partner and start searching for those new math words!
Math Word Search
Word Bank 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Algebra
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Glossary – Algebra Algebra is the part of math in which letters and other symbols are used to represent numbers and quantities.
Algebraic expression: an expression that contains a variable. For example, if Brody is 2 inches taller than Nora, and if the variable B represents Brody’s height, then the algebraic expression B-2 represents Nora’s height.
Associative property of addition: grouping the addends in different ways does not change the sum (answer). For example, 3+(7+5)=(3+7)+5.
Associative property of multiplication: grouping the factors in different ways does not change the product (answer). For example, 2x(5x6)=(2x5)x6
Commutative property of addition: it does not make a difference in which order the numbers are added. For example, 2+3=5 and 3+2=5.
Commutative property of multiplication: it does not make a difference in which order the numbers are multiplied. For example, 2x3=6 and 3x2=6.
Composite number: numbers that have 3 or more factors. For example, 6 is a composite number because it has 4 factors (1, 2, 3, 6).
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Distributive property: a property of real numbers stating that - a *(b+c)=(a*b) + (a*c). For example, 3*(40+5)=(3*40)+(3*5).
Exponent: a number written above and to the right of another numeral to indicate how many times the original number is used as a factor. For example in 23 the number 2 is multiplied 3 times: 2x2x2.
Equal =: this symbol goes in between two numbers and symbolizes that the numbers are the same in value, or equal. For example, 4=4, ½=0.50. Expression: a group of mathematical symbols that represents a number – or can represent a number if values are assigned to any variables in the expression. An expression could include numbers, variables, and operation symbols such as +, -, x. Equation: a number sentence with an = (equal sign) and a solution. 6-4=2 is an equation.
Equivalent: representing the same number or amount. For example, ½ and 2/4 are equivalent fractions. Greater than >: this symbol goes between two numbers and symbolizes that the first number is greater than the second number. For example, 4>2. Evaluate: to find a numerical expression or equivalence for an equation, formula, or function.
Algebra Greater than or equal to ≥: The symbol in between a≥b means that a is greater than or equal to b. This is known as an inequality.
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Irrational number: a number that can’t be written as a fraction, where both the numerator and the denominator are integers and the denominator is not zero. (pi) is an example of an irrational number.
Identity property of addition: adding zero to a number gives a sum identical to the given number. For example, 3+0=3. Less than
