Improving Operational Planning using LiDAR & GIS
Improving Operational Planning using LiDAR & GIS May 1st, 2012 Chad St.Amand GIS Manager, Forest Resource Management Chief Foresters Group - Ontario
1
Presentation Outline • A little bit about us…. • LiDAR data processes - Phase 1 (Topography, Hydrology & Canopy Height Model) - Phase 2 (Forest Metrics – Volume, Diameter and more) - Phase 3 (Applications & Tools)
• Future Projects / New Ideas • Wrap up / Questions
2
Where I come from….. About a 7 hour drive North of Toronto Home town of country singer Shania Twain
3
Tembec Northern Ontario & Quebec ~90% FSC Certified
Our GIS holds ~43,000 sq. miles of data (4-band ortho imagery, LiDAR, vector and other raster data) 4
NE Ontario limits within Boreal Forest
Hearst Forest 2007 acq 3.7mil acres
Abitibi River Forest 2011 acq 60k acres Gordon Cosens Forest
Martel Forest
2011 acq 250k acres
Romeo Malette Forest 2004/05 acq 1.5mil acres
Wood Supply Area ~20,000 miles² Managed Forests ~15,000 miles² 5
IT Infrastructure for our GIS ArcGIS 8.2 ArcGIS 8.2 & some 9.3
ArcGIS 8.2 & 9.3
ArcGIS 9.2/9.3 with workstation users
ArcGIS 9.3
6
LiDAR – Phase 1 Topography, Hydrology & Height
7
Topography using LiDAR data • Spatial Analyst used to create Hill Shade from 2mDEM • Very detailed and accurate topography • Able to identify steep slopes very easily • 3D Analyst used for road profiling • Cut & Fill analysis for road engineers • Identify harvesting season (upland summer, low winter) 800 meters ~ 1/2 mile or 5 meters ~ 16 feet
8
Hydrology using LiDAR data • 5m DEM with Arc Hydro to build LiDAR streams • Pink stream found to be permanent, not ephmeral as it was classed • Minimize water crossing suprises! • Plan roads on high ground, not in gullys, draws or drainage channels • Know how many Provincial Hydrology Data crossings in block
LiDAR Hydrology Data 9
CHM (Heights) using LiDAR data • 2m DSM minus 2m DEM (raster math) gives us a 2m Canopy Height Model • Lots of variation across a forest inventory polygon • Excellent block planning tool • Easily identify bypass or leave patches for residual forest
Forest Resources Inventory
LiDAR Height Data
10 meters ~ 33 feet
10
LiDAR – Phase 2 Volume, Diameter and other metrics
11
LiDAR Forest Metrics, Volume • Harvested Area – 187 hectares (462 acres) • Planned Forest Inventory Volume – 32,000m³ • LiDAR derived Volume – 43,000m³ • Actual Scaled Volume – 45,000m³ • LiDAR derived volume is within 4% of actual delivered volume! 20m x 20m Cells for GMV 10m³ ~ 4240 board feet or 100m³/ha ~ 100,000 brd ft / acre
12
LiDAR Forest Metrics, Volume • Harvested Area – 342 hectares (845 acres) • Planned Forest Inventory Volume – 37,000m³ • LiDAR derived Volume – 59,000m³ • Actual Scaled Volume – 52,000m³ • LiDAR derived volume was about 12% over actual delivered volume!
Small Birch
White Pine
20m x 20m Cells for GMV 10m³ ~ 4240 board feet or 100m³/ha ~ 100,000 board ft / acre
13
LiDAR Forest Metrics, Diameter • Very easy to identify small wood (bypass) • Classify Sawlog, Pulpwood & Oversize within harvest block • OSB / Veneer sort for HWD species • Minimize roads built to lower productive sites (big cost savings) • Design blocks to be mill specific
20m x 20m Cells for Diameter 10 centimeters ~ 4 inches
14
LiDAR Forest Metrics, Others…
Basal Area Above Ground Bio-Mass More LiDAR datasets, Mean Tree Stand Density Volume, Sawlog Volume, Fuel Variables, etc. Gross Total Volume 15
LiDAR – Phase 3 Applications & Tools
16
LiDAR Applications & Tools
Imagery
Summary of Volume by Diameter Class (Block 242)
Topo
10000 9000 8000 7000
GMV m3
1,000m³ ~ 424,000 board feet
• Very simple but effective one pager for ops staff & harvest contractors • Diameter distributions by species group available for harvest blocks with LiDAR!
6000 5000
Pulp 4000 wood 3000
Oversize SPF Sawlogs
SB PJ
Diameter
Height
Hydro
Volume
IH
2000 1000 0
HWD Veneer 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 Size Class (cm)
10 cm ~ 4 inches
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LiDAR Applications & Tools • Web / Desktop application developed to use GIS data (Imagery, LiDAR, Base data, Planning, etc.) with ease! • Ops staff able to do simple GIS • This will be presented as a lightning talk later this afternoon • Live Demo at booth #107
Imagery
Topo
18
Timmins, Diameter Size Class Study
19
Cochrane, Diameter Cost Study
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Future Projects / New Ideas • • • • • •
Hearst Forest Phase 2 (Forest Metric’s) roll out LiDAR model transportability from forest to forest (HF to GCF) Optimize government inventory protocols (not just photo interp) LiDAR data acquisition program for Tembec Cost Benefits Analysis Locating Aggregates and/or Gravel Pits using LiDAR
21
Any Questions??? Chad St.Amand GIS Manager, Tembec
22
Unit Conversions 100m³ ~ 40 cunit 1m³ ~ 424 board feet
100m³ / hectare ~ 15 cunit / acre 100m³ / ha ~ 100,000 brd ft / acre
1
Presentation Outline • A little bit about us…. • LiDAR data processes - Phase 1 (Topography, Hydrology & Canopy Height Model) - Phase 2 (Forest Metrics – Volume, Diameter and more) - Phase 3 (Applications & Tools)
• Future Projects / New Ideas • Wrap up / Questions
2
Where I come from….. About a 7 hour drive North of Toronto Home town of country singer Shania Twain
3
Tembec Northern Ontario & Quebec ~90% FSC Certified
Our GIS holds ~43,000 sq. miles of data (4-band ortho imagery, LiDAR, vector and other raster data) 4
NE Ontario limits within Boreal Forest
Hearst Forest 2007 acq 3.7mil acres
Abitibi River Forest 2011 acq 60k acres Gordon Cosens Forest
Martel Forest
2011 acq 250k acres
Romeo Malette Forest 2004/05 acq 1.5mil acres
Wood Supply Area ~20,000 miles² Managed Forests ~15,000 miles² 5
IT Infrastructure for our GIS ArcGIS 8.2 ArcGIS 8.2 & some 9.3
ArcGIS 8.2 & 9.3
ArcGIS 9.2/9.3 with workstation users
ArcGIS 9.3
6
LiDAR – Phase 1 Topography, Hydrology & Height
7
Topography using LiDAR data • Spatial Analyst used to create Hill Shade from 2mDEM • Very detailed and accurate topography • Able to identify steep slopes very easily • 3D Analyst used for road profiling • Cut & Fill analysis for road engineers • Identify harvesting season (upland summer, low winter) 800 meters ~ 1/2 mile or 5 meters ~ 16 feet
8
Hydrology using LiDAR data • 5m DEM with Arc Hydro to build LiDAR streams • Pink stream found to be permanent, not ephmeral as it was classed • Minimize water crossing suprises! • Plan roads on high ground, not in gullys, draws or drainage channels • Know how many Provincial Hydrology Data crossings in block
LiDAR Hydrology Data 9
CHM (Heights) using LiDAR data • 2m DSM minus 2m DEM (raster math) gives us a 2m Canopy Height Model • Lots of variation across a forest inventory polygon • Excellent block planning tool • Easily identify bypass or leave patches for residual forest
Forest Resources Inventory
LiDAR Height Data
10 meters ~ 33 feet
10
LiDAR – Phase 2 Volume, Diameter and other metrics
11
LiDAR Forest Metrics, Volume • Harvested Area – 187 hectares (462 acres) • Planned Forest Inventory Volume – 32,000m³ • LiDAR derived Volume – 43,000m³ • Actual Scaled Volume – 45,000m³ • LiDAR derived volume is within 4% of actual delivered volume! 20m x 20m Cells for GMV 10m³ ~ 4240 board feet or 100m³/ha ~ 100,000 brd ft / acre
12
LiDAR Forest Metrics, Volume • Harvested Area – 342 hectares (845 acres) • Planned Forest Inventory Volume – 37,000m³ • LiDAR derived Volume – 59,000m³ • Actual Scaled Volume – 52,000m³ • LiDAR derived volume was about 12% over actual delivered volume!
Small Birch
White Pine
20m x 20m Cells for GMV 10m³ ~ 4240 board feet or 100m³/ha ~ 100,000 board ft / acre
13
LiDAR Forest Metrics, Diameter • Very easy to identify small wood (bypass) • Classify Sawlog, Pulpwood & Oversize within harvest block • OSB / Veneer sort for HWD species • Minimize roads built to lower productive sites (big cost savings) • Design blocks to be mill specific
20m x 20m Cells for Diameter 10 centimeters ~ 4 inches
14
LiDAR Forest Metrics, Others…
Basal Area Above Ground Bio-Mass More LiDAR datasets, Mean Tree Stand Density Volume, Sawlog Volume, Fuel Variables, etc. Gross Total Volume 15
LiDAR – Phase 3 Applications & Tools
16
LiDAR Applications & Tools
Imagery
Summary of Volume by Diameter Class (Block 242)
Topo
10000 9000 8000 7000
GMV m3
1,000m³ ~ 424,000 board feet
• Very simple but effective one pager for ops staff & harvest contractors • Diameter distributions by species group available for harvest blocks with LiDAR!
6000 5000
Pulp 4000 wood 3000
Oversize SPF Sawlogs
SB PJ
Diameter
Height
Hydro
Volume
IH
2000 1000 0
HWD Veneer 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 Size Class (cm)
10 cm ~ 4 inches
17
LiDAR Applications & Tools • Web / Desktop application developed to use GIS data (Imagery, LiDAR, Base data, Planning, etc.) with ease! • Ops staff able to do simple GIS • This will be presented as a lightning talk later this afternoon • Live Demo at booth #107
Imagery
Topo
18
Timmins, Diameter Size Class Study
19
Cochrane, Diameter Cost Study
20
Future Projects / New Ideas • • • • • •
Hearst Forest Phase 2 (Forest Metric’s) roll out LiDAR model transportability from forest to forest (HF to GCF) Optimize government inventory protocols (not just photo interp) LiDAR data acquisition program for Tembec Cost Benefits Analysis Locating Aggregates and/or Gravel Pits using LiDAR
21
Any Questions??? Chad St.Amand GIS Manager, Tembec
22
Unit Conversions 100m³ ~ 40 cunit 1m³ ~ 424 board feet
100m³ / hectare ~ 15 cunit / acre 100m³ / ha ~ 100,000 brd ft / acre
