Information technology equipment cooling system
US008746000B2
(12) United States Patent
(10) Patent N0.: (45) Date of Patent:
Schultz (54)
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT
2008/0245506 A1
COOLING SYSTEM
2009/0056910 A1* 2009/0086428 A1*
3/2009 4/2009
(75) Inventor: Mark D. Schultz, Ossining, NY (U S) (73) Assignee: International Business Machines
US 8,746,000 B2 Jun. 10, 2014
10/2008 Campbell et al. Mallia et al. ............... .. 165/803 Campbell et al. ........... .. 361/694
2009/0086432 A1
4/2009 Campbell et al.
2010/0110634 A1* 2010/0126696 A1*
5/2010 Woodbury et a1. .......... .. 361/698 5/2010 Novotny et al. .............. .. 165/67
2010/0236772 A1
9/2010 Novotny et al.
Corporation, Armonk, NY (US) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
Notice:
Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35
U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
W0 W0
WO 2007098477 A2 WO 2010112873 A1
8/2007 10/2010
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
(21) Appl. No.: 13/587,912 J. G. Torok et a1, “Packaging design of the IBM System 210 Enter
(22) Filed:
Aug. 16, 2012
(65)
prise Class platform central electronic complex”, 2009.
Prior Publication Data
US 2014/0022725 A1
* cited by examiner
Jan. 23, 2014 Primary Examiner * Mohammad M Ali
Related US. Application Data
(63)
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Ido Tuchman; Anne V.
Continuation of application No. 13/551,858, ?led on
Jul. 18,2012.
(51) (52)
(57)
Int. Cl. F25D 23/12 US. Cl. USPC
(58)
(2006.01)
.......................................... .. 62/259.2; 62/498
Field of Classi?cation Search USPC .............. .. 62/2592, 498, 440, 419; 165/803,
165/80.4, 104.27, 104.33; 361/694, 696, 361/679.49
See application ?le for complete search history.
(56)
Dougherty ABSTRACT
According to one embodiment, a system for removing heat from a rack of information technology equipment may include a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger that cools warm air generated by the rack of information technology
equipment. The system may also include a liquid to liquid heat exchanger and an outdoor heat exchanger. The system may further include con?gurable pathways to connect and control ?uid ?ow through the sidecar heat exchanger, the liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information tech
nology equipment, and the outdoor heat exchanger based
References Cited
upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat from the rack of information technology equip
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
ment. 2006/0250770 A1*
11/2006 Campbell et al. ........... .. 361/695
2007/0227710 A1
10/2007 Belady et al.
10 Claims, 22 Drawing Sheets
22
i__
% Heat Exchangér
é SideCar
I
Heat Exchanger 14
From Outdoor Heat
Exchanger
To Outdoor Heat
Q Closed Valve
0 Open Valve
Exchanger
\10
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
US 8,746,000 B2
Sheet 2 0f 22
2
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US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
US 8,746,000 B2
Sheet 3 0f 22
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US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
US 8,746,000 B2
Sheet 5 0f 22
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m“ecg:oxm vv/ A
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US. Patent
Jun.10,2014
us 8,746,000 B2
Sheet60f22
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ia5=>.0_2.“5_% mm
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US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
US 8,746,000 B2
Sheet 7 0f 22
2
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i ~ ._._>51 ESa
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Emc'goxnmu>_o? OchOm.h>_mU>I
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
30 X
Sheet 9 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
32
f 34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor
heat exchanger
l
/
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat from the rack of information technology equipment
FIG. 9
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
40 X
Sheet 10 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
42
/”34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor heat exchanger 36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat
from the rack of information technology equipment
l
r44
Using measured ambient temperature, measured ambient humidity, projected ambient temperature, and/or projected ambient humidity to control the fluid flow
END 46
FIG. 10
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
48 X
Sheet 11 0122
START
US 8,746,000 B2
50
f“ 34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor heat exchanger
i
f36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat
from the rack of information technology equipment
1
/”
Using a first coolant to flow through the sidecar heat
exchanger and the rack of information technology equipment during a first period of time, and using a second coolant to flow through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat
exchanger during a second period of time
END 54
FIG. 11
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
56 X
Sheet 12 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
58
/”34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor heat exchanger
l
/
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat from the rack of information technology equipment
l
r52
Using a first coolant to flow through the sidecar heat
exchanger and the rack of information technology equipment during a first period of time, and using a second coolant to flow through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger during a second period of time
1
a
Temporarily opening the rack of information technology equipment to use indoor air cooling during an exchange of the second coolant utilized by the sidecar heat exchanger to avoid
shutting down the rack of information technology equipment
END 62
FIG. 12
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
Sheet 13 0f 22
64X
66
US 8,746,000 B2
[‘34
Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor
heat exchanger 36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat
from the rack of information technology equipment
l
r“
Positioning the sidecar heat exchanger upstream/or downstream of the liquid to liquid heat exchanger
70
FIG. 13
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
72 \
Sheet 14 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
74
f“ 34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor
heat exchanger
l
/
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat from the rack of information technology equipment
l
r52
Using a first coolant to flow through the sidecar heat
exchanger and the rack of information technology equipment during a first period of time, and using a second coolant to flow through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger during a second period of time
1
[76
Removing either the first coolant or the second coolant from
the sidecar heat exchanger using pressurized gas
END 78
FIG. 14
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
80 X
Sheet 15 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
82
/“ 34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor heat exchanger
l
/
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat
from the rack of information technology equipment
a
r84
Passing an interior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the liquid to liquid heat exchanger and/or the rack of information technology equipment, passing an exterior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the fluid flow within the interior loop and the exterior loop are separate from each other
END 86
FIG. 15
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
88
X
Sheet 16 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
f34
Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor
heat exchanger
l
r
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat
from the rack of information technology equipment
l
W“
Passing an interior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the liquid to liquid heat exchanger and/or the rack of information technology equipment, passing an exterior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the fluid flow within the interior loop and the exterior loop are separate from each other
i
r”
Providing bypass flow in the exterior loop
END
94
FIG. 16
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
96 X
Sheet 17 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
98
f" 34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor
heat exchanger
l
/
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat from the rack of information technology equipment
l
f“
Passing an interior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the liquid to liquid heat exchanger and/or the rack of information technology equipment, passing an exterior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the fluid flow within the interior loop and the exterior loop are separate from each other
i
//JOO
Providing two separate sidecar heat exchangers with one of the two Sidecar heat exchangers connected to the interior loop and the other sidecar heat exchanger connected to the exterior loop
END 102
FIG. 17
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
104x
Sheet 18 0f 22
START
106
US 8,746,000 B2
/”34
Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor heat exchanger
l
/
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat from the rack of information technology equipment
l
r“
Passing an interior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the liquid to liquid heat exchanger and/or the rack of information technology equipment, passing an exterior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the fluid flow within the interior loop and the exterior loop are separate from each other
i
//408
Controlling the fluid flow to flow through the interior loop and exterior loop
110
FIG. 18
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
1 12X
Sheet 19 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
I 14
/”34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor heat exchanger
1
/~
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat
from the rack of information technology equipment
l
r84
Passing an interior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and
the liquid to liquid heat exchanger and/or the rack of information technology equipment, passing an exterior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the fluid flow within the interior loop and the exterior loop are separate from each other
i
//416
Using a single set of heat transfer fins for the interior loop and the exterior loop within the sidecar heat exchanger
END
118
FIG. 19
(12) United States Patent
(10) Patent N0.: (45) Date of Patent:
Schultz (54)
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT
2008/0245506 A1
COOLING SYSTEM
2009/0056910 A1* 2009/0086428 A1*
3/2009 4/2009
(75) Inventor: Mark D. Schultz, Ossining, NY (U S) (73) Assignee: International Business Machines
US 8,746,000 B2 Jun. 10, 2014
10/2008 Campbell et al. Mallia et al. ............... .. 165/803 Campbell et al. ........... .. 361/694
2009/0086432 A1
4/2009 Campbell et al.
2010/0110634 A1* 2010/0126696 A1*
5/2010 Woodbury et a1. .......... .. 361/698 5/2010 Novotny et al. .............. .. 165/67
2010/0236772 A1
9/2010 Novotny et al.
Corporation, Armonk, NY (US) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
Notice:
Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35
U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
W0 W0
WO 2007098477 A2 WO 2010112873 A1
8/2007 10/2010
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
(21) Appl. No.: 13/587,912 J. G. Torok et a1, “Packaging design of the IBM System 210 Enter
(22) Filed:
Aug. 16, 2012
(65)
prise Class platform central electronic complex”, 2009.
Prior Publication Data
US 2014/0022725 A1
* cited by examiner
Jan. 23, 2014 Primary Examiner * Mohammad M Ali
Related US. Application Data
(63)
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Ido Tuchman; Anne V.
Continuation of application No. 13/551,858, ?led on
Jul. 18,2012.
(51) (52)
(57)
Int. Cl. F25D 23/12 US. Cl. USPC
(58)
(2006.01)
.......................................... .. 62/259.2; 62/498
Field of Classi?cation Search USPC .............. .. 62/2592, 498, 440, 419; 165/803,
165/80.4, 104.27, 104.33; 361/694, 696, 361/679.49
See application ?le for complete search history.
(56)
Dougherty ABSTRACT
According to one embodiment, a system for removing heat from a rack of information technology equipment may include a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger that cools warm air generated by the rack of information technology
equipment. The system may also include a liquid to liquid heat exchanger and an outdoor heat exchanger. The system may further include con?gurable pathways to connect and control ?uid ?ow through the sidecar heat exchanger, the liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information tech
nology equipment, and the outdoor heat exchanger based
References Cited
upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat from the rack of information technology equip
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
ment. 2006/0250770 A1*
11/2006 Campbell et al. ........... .. 361/695
2007/0227710 A1
10/2007 Belady et al.
10 Claims, 22 Drawing Sheets
22
i__
% Heat Exchangér
é SideCar
I
Heat Exchanger 14
From Outdoor Heat
Exchanger
To Outdoor Heat
Q Closed Valve
0 Open Valve
Exchanger
\10
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
US 8,746,000 B2
Sheet 2 0f 22
2
N?
/5.:02$ F
L
.“Lxomc% :muxm /NN
/6E0O2.“om2N:im0:
mecsogxum 0chOm>_m> .@m>3_/2m0>
N.mvr
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
US 8,746,000 B2
Sheet 3 0f 22
/of
a /50%5
/6E0a0%om3:i20:
Lomce’so@mxu>3_20 0chOm.m>@_mn>_ //3‘NN
Emecm%:oxm
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
US 8,746,000 B2
Sheet 5 0f 22
6ohE0m3:I0
meczoxm 9/
c2m>6h_5mn>Og
m“ecg:oxm vv/ A
w
6EH0‘o2m:Ee0
.QEm
mecwsoxm
US. Patent
Jun.10,2014
us 8,746,000 B2
Sheet60f22
60%E2m3:0
kwmcgox ///(or
mecIoxm
i h
ia5=>.0_2.“5_% mm
Emec:oxm
/6E2om8:E0 692.8@m6>3_2m0>
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
US 8,746,000 B2
Sheet 7 0f 22
2
vm@r
/ j /Q3
Emecz:oxm xEmeocg:mox 2 a h
i ~ ._._>51 ESa
‘2)
/6E0O8.ow3N:mEI20:
Emc'goxnmu>_o? OchOm.h>_mU>I
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
30 X
Sheet 9 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
32
f 34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor
heat exchanger
l
/
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat from the rack of information technology equipment
FIG. 9
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
40 X
Sheet 10 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
42
/”34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor heat exchanger 36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat
from the rack of information technology equipment
l
r44
Using measured ambient temperature, measured ambient humidity, projected ambient temperature, and/or projected ambient humidity to control the fluid flow
END 46
FIG. 10
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
48 X
Sheet 11 0122
START
US 8,746,000 B2
50
f“ 34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor heat exchanger
i
f36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat
from the rack of information technology equipment
1
/”
Using a first coolant to flow through the sidecar heat
exchanger and the rack of information technology equipment during a first period of time, and using a second coolant to flow through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat
exchanger during a second period of time
END 54
FIG. 11
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
56 X
Sheet 12 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
58
/”34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor heat exchanger
l
/
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat from the rack of information technology equipment
l
r52
Using a first coolant to flow through the sidecar heat
exchanger and the rack of information technology equipment during a first period of time, and using a second coolant to flow through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger during a second period of time
1
a
Temporarily opening the rack of information technology equipment to use indoor air cooling during an exchange of the second coolant utilized by the sidecar heat exchanger to avoid
shutting down the rack of information technology equipment
END 62
FIG. 12
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
Sheet 13 0f 22
64X
66
US 8,746,000 B2
[‘34
Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor
heat exchanger 36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat
from the rack of information technology equipment
l
r“
Positioning the sidecar heat exchanger upstream/or downstream of the liquid to liquid heat exchanger
70
FIG. 13
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
72 \
Sheet 14 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
74
f“ 34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor
heat exchanger
l
/
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat from the rack of information technology equipment
l
r52
Using a first coolant to flow through the sidecar heat
exchanger and the rack of information technology equipment during a first period of time, and using a second coolant to flow through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger during a second period of time
1
[76
Removing either the first coolant or the second coolant from
the sidecar heat exchanger using pressurized gas
END 78
FIG. 14
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
80 X
Sheet 15 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
82
/“ 34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor heat exchanger
l
/
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat
from the rack of information technology equipment
a
r84
Passing an interior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the liquid to liquid heat exchanger and/or the rack of information technology equipment, passing an exterior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the fluid flow within the interior loop and the exterior loop are separate from each other
END 86
FIG. 15
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
88
X
Sheet 16 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
f34
Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor
heat exchanger
l
r
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat
from the rack of information technology equipment
l
W“
Passing an interior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the liquid to liquid heat exchanger and/or the rack of information technology equipment, passing an exterior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the fluid flow within the interior loop and the exterior loop are separate from each other
i
r”
Providing bypass flow in the exterior loop
END
94
FIG. 16
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
96 X
Sheet 17 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
98
f" 34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor
heat exchanger
l
/
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat from the rack of information technology equipment
l
f“
Passing an interior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the liquid to liquid heat exchanger and/or the rack of information technology equipment, passing an exterior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the fluid flow within the interior loop and the exterior loop are separate from each other
i
//JOO
Providing two separate sidecar heat exchangers with one of the two Sidecar heat exchangers connected to the interior loop and the other sidecar heat exchanger connected to the exterior loop
END 102
FIG. 17
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
104x
Sheet 18 0f 22
START
106
US 8,746,000 B2
/”34
Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor heat exchanger
l
/
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat from the rack of information technology equipment
l
r“
Passing an interior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the liquid to liquid heat exchanger and/or the rack of information technology equipment, passing an exterior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the fluid flow within the interior loop and the exterior loop are separate from each other
i
//408
Controlling the fluid flow to flow through the interior loop and exterior loop
110
FIG. 18
US. Patent
Jun. 10, 2014
1 12X
Sheet 19 0f 22
START
US 8,746,000 B2
I 14
/”34 Connecting configurable pathways between a sidecar indoor air to liquid heat exchanger, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the rack of information technology equipment, and an outdoor heat exchanger
1
/~
36
Controlling fluid flow through the configurable pathways based upon ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity to remove heat
from the rack of information technology equipment
l
r84
Passing an interior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and
the liquid to liquid heat exchanger and/or the rack of information technology equipment, passing an exterior loop through the sidecar heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the fluid flow within the interior loop and the exterior loop are separate from each other
i
//416
Using a single set of heat transfer fins for the interior loop and the exterior loop within the sidecar heat exchanger
END
118
FIG. 19
