Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Supporting information
Optical Description of Mesostructured OrganicInorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Miguel Anaya1, Gabriel Lozano1, Mauricio E. Calvo1, Wei Zhang2, Michael B. Johnston2, Henry J. Snaith2, and Hernán Míguez1* 1
Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CSIC)-University of Seville, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain. 2
Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road,
Oxford, X1 3PU, United Kingdom.
Figure S1. Device performance of perovskite solar cells fabricated employing a ca. 350 nm thick mesoporous Al2O3 as scaffold.
Figure S2. Stabilized current density and power output of a typical device using mesoporous Al2O3 as scaffold measured under simulated AM1.5 sunlight of 100mW/cm2 irradiance. Inset Table shows the corresponding device performance scanning from forward bias to short circuit (FB-SC) and from short circuit to forward bias (SC-FB) at a scan rate of 0.15V/s. The complex refractive index of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite absorber, , is attained from an iterative fitting of the reflectance and transmittance
spectra measured at normal incidence. In order to do this, we prepare perovskite thin films of different thicknesses deposited over glass substrates by spin coating and perform and measurements. Then, such measurements are fitted to the Fresnel equations defined at normal incidence according to
| | 1 and
|| 2
where and are the refractive indices of the incoming and outgoing
media, respectively, which in this case are considered to be air ( 1.00) and glass
( 1.51). The amplitudes and are obtained using the following expressions
+ 1 +
1 +
being !
2" #
+
+
2 +
2 +
is the wavelength of the incoming radiation and # is the thickness of the perovskite layer, extracted from the analysis of SEM images. To determine , we perform a
two-step fitting procedure. First, the spectral dependence of the imaginary part of the refractive index, , is obtained for a number of fixed values of $ , ranging
from $ 1.8 to $ 2.6, by fitting the experimental and to Eq. (1) and Eq.
(2), respectively. Then, the $ , values, which show the best fitting, are used to calculate the spectral dependence of using the Kramers-Kronig relations & $ +
+ 2 Ω Ω P( #Ω 3 " $ Ω &
where & 2",/ is the angular frequency and , is the speed of light in vacuum. The
attained values of and are therefore Kramers-Kronig consistent and fairly reproduce the experimental and measured from two thin layers of
CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite absorber that are 250 and 315 nm thick. Results are shown in Fig. S3.
Figure S3. Experimental (solid lines) and calculated (dashed lines) reflectance (orange
lines) and transmittance (red lines) spectra of a layer of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite absorber of thickness of (a) 250 nm and (b) 315 nm deposited over a glass substrate.
Figure S4. (a) Spectral dependence of the real (a) and imaginary part (b) of the
refractive index of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite absorber reported in this manuscript (black solid line), in J. Mater. Chem. A, DOI: 10.1039/c4ta05237d (orange dotted line), in Nat. Mater. 2014, 13, 476 (red dashed line), and in J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 1035 (brown dash-dotted line).
Figure S5. Spectral dependence of the total (black solid line), specular (red solid line),
and diffuse (orange dashed line) reflectance of a mesostructured perovskite solar cell device.
Optical Description of Mesostructured OrganicInorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Miguel Anaya1, Gabriel Lozano1, Mauricio E. Calvo1, Wei Zhang2, Michael B. Johnston2, Henry J. Snaith2, and Hernán Míguez1* 1
Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CSIC)-University of Seville, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain. 2
Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road,
Oxford, X1 3PU, United Kingdom.
Figure S1. Device performance of perovskite solar cells fabricated employing a ca. 350 nm thick mesoporous Al2O3 as scaffold.
Figure S2. Stabilized current density and power output of a typical device using mesoporous Al2O3 as scaffold measured under simulated AM1.5 sunlight of 100mW/cm2 irradiance. Inset Table shows the corresponding device performance scanning from forward bias to short circuit (FB-SC) and from short circuit to forward bias (SC-FB) at a scan rate of 0.15V/s. The complex refractive index of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite absorber, , is attained from an iterative fitting of the reflectance and transmittance
spectra measured at normal incidence. In order to do this, we prepare perovskite thin films of different thicknesses deposited over glass substrates by spin coating and perform and measurements. Then, such measurements are fitted to the Fresnel equations defined at normal incidence according to
| | 1 and
|| 2
where and are the refractive indices of the incoming and outgoing
media, respectively, which in this case are considered to be air ( 1.00) and glass
( 1.51). The amplitudes and are obtained using the following expressions
+ 1 +
1 +
being !
2" #
+
+
2 +
2 +
is the wavelength of the incoming radiation and # is the thickness of the perovskite layer, extracted from the analysis of SEM images. To determine , we perform a
two-step fitting procedure. First, the spectral dependence of the imaginary part of the refractive index, , is obtained for a number of fixed values of $ , ranging
from $ 1.8 to $ 2.6, by fitting the experimental and to Eq. (1) and Eq.
(2), respectively. Then, the $ , values, which show the best fitting, are used to calculate the spectral dependence of using the Kramers-Kronig relations & $ +
+ 2 Ω Ω P( #Ω 3 " $ Ω &
where & 2",/ is the angular frequency and , is the speed of light in vacuum. The
attained values of and are therefore Kramers-Kronig consistent and fairly reproduce the experimental and measured from two thin layers of
CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite absorber that are 250 and 315 nm thick. Results are shown in Fig. S3.
Figure S3. Experimental (solid lines) and calculated (dashed lines) reflectance (orange
lines) and transmittance (red lines) spectra of a layer of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite absorber of thickness of (a) 250 nm and (b) 315 nm deposited over a glass substrate.
Figure S4. (a) Spectral dependence of the real (a) and imaginary part (b) of the
refractive index of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite absorber reported in this manuscript (black solid line), in J. Mater. Chem. A, DOI: 10.1039/c4ta05237d (orange dotted line), in Nat. Mater. 2014, 13, 476 (red dashed line), and in J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 1035 (brown dash-dotted line).
Figure S5. Spectral dependence of the total (black solid line), specular (red solid line),
and diffuse (orange dashed line) reflectance of a mesostructured perovskite solar cell device.
