J. miChael arrington
J. Michael Arrington Print. Profiles Sharecare.com and the controversy over using marketer-generated material. Helyar, John. “Jeff arnold, Founder of WebmD, Could Be the Poster Boy for the Internet Bubble.” Fortune 5 Mar. 2001. Web. CNN.com. 1 May 2012. Profile of Arnold, focusing on his charisma and persuasiveness. moukheiber, Zina. “WebmD Founder Jeff arnold Stages Comeback with New Health Site.” Forbes 22 Oct. 2010. Web. Forbes.com. 1 May 2012. Profile of arnold’s career and the founding of Sharecare. com. Pack, Thomas. “Sharecare: Getting a Healthy Prognosis.” Information Today 28.1 (2011): n. pag. Print.
Internet Innovators examination of arnold’s role in Sharecare. Illustrated. Sherrid, Pamela. “The Microsoft of Medical Web Sites.” U.S. News and World Report 128.8 28 Feb. 2000. Print. Traces the role of Jeff Arnold in engineering the rise of WebmD. Illustrated. Stelter, Brian. “Online encyclopedia Gets New Push from Discovery.” New York Times 30 June 2008. Print. Profiles Jeff Arnold’s career, focusing on his tenure at HowStuffWorks. Warner, Melanie. “The Young and the Loaded.” Fortune 140.6 (1999): n. pag. CNN.com. Web. 1 may 2012. Surveys the forty richest americans under age forty at the time, including arnold.
J. miChael arrington Founder of TechCrunch Born: March 13, 1970; Huntington Beach, California Died: Primary Field: Internet Specialty: Commerce Primary Company/Organization: TechCrunch
arrington had an entrepreneurial spirit early in life. During college, he gave his neighbors competition in the recycling arena. They had been taking their empty beer cans and bottles to a local latino family, until
introduCtion J. Michael Arrington is an influential technology blogger and venture capitalist. A former corporate attorney, Arrington has a hard-hitting, take-noprisoners writing style that has catapulted some Silicon Valley start-ups and sunk others. Although often under fire or a subject of derision for his brash manner and outspokenness, he is nonetheless considered one of the most prominent technology personalities and a major power broker. The companies in which he has invested have for the most part done well, and his buoyancy and knack for honing in on cutting-edge start-ups are major components of that success. early life J. michael arrington was born on march 13, 1970, and grew up in Orange County, California, and in Surrey, england. He attended the University of California, Berkeley, then transferred after his freshman year to Claremont mcKenna College, a private liberal arts college east of los angeles, where earned his bachelor’s degree in economics in 1992. In 1995, he obtained a juris doctor degree from Stanford University. 20
J. Michael Arrington. Internet Innovators
Arrington infiltrated the exchange and collared the market for himself. after earning his law degree, arrington worked for a few years at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich and rosati, and O’melveny and myers, where he dealt solely with technology companies. Some of his clients included Netscape, Pixar, Apple, and Idealab. The Internet was just starting to boom. arrington deserted corporate and securities law and got involved in the dot-com world. even though he was involved with two auspicious Internet companies, RealNames and Achex, he did not make any huge financial gains with them. He went on to take an active role at a Carlyle-backed start-up in london, founded and ran two companies in Canada (Zip.ca and Pool.com), was chief operating officer to Kleiner Perkins Caufield and Byers–backed company razorgator, and consulted with various other companies, including SnapNames and Verisign. In addition to TechCrunch, he founded Edgeio and was a member of its board of directors. life’s Work Following the dot-com bust, arrington took a year off, then returned to work. In 2005, he was inspired by american software developer, entrepreneur, and writer Dave overall done Winer and started writing about Silicon Valley and start-ups as a hobby. His writing was in sharp, plain english, and he would intersperse images to break up the text. He made the tech world and its goings-on accessible to everyone. Backed by archimedes Ventures, he and Keith Teare started producing what would be known as TechCrunch. It garnered a large following quickly because of arrington’s intense writing style, insider knowledge, and business strategy. TechCrunch involved not only blogs but also events. The company won a reputation for throwing fabulous parties at arrington’s atherton home, and through these soirées arrington got on the inside track regarding what was happening in Silicon Valley. The social networking that took place at these parties, which started in august 2005, encouraged the growth of the blog’s readership. arrington had also anticipated another surge in the tech industry and developed a band of influential allies that included robert Scoble as well as Winer. He was astute enough to notice a rising trend in investments, so by the time Tim O’Reilly, founder and chief executive officer (CeO) of O’reilly media, dropped the term Web 2.0, arrington was already entrenched in the second tech boom. His access to venture capitalists as a corporate attorney and his experience in the investing trenches
as an entrepreneur gave him the upper hand and added to J. Michael Arrington his writing a credibility that others did not necessarily have. He had built a solid reputation with heavy hitters in Silicon Valley, and that cachet followed him to his Technorati blog. Soon, arrington became one of the most powerful people on the Internet, but not without stepping on a few toes. Frequently involved in controversy, the serial entrepreneur butted heads with many of his peers, all the while putting his money where his mouth was by constantly investing. Daylife, Dogster, Omnidrive, DanceJam, and Seesmic were some of the companies he supported. He also extended his Crunch base with CrunchGear, CrunchMobile, and CrunchBoard. Touching on the live arena, he formed a partnership with Jason Calacanis (blogger and founder of Silicon alley, Weblogs, Inc., and mahaho) to mount the TechCrunch 20 conference, a successful conference for start-ups that evolved into TC40 and TC50. Arrington and Calacanis went their separate ways on TC50, doing separate conferences, but not without Calacanis’s claiming that Arrington had stiffed him. Arrington started TechCruch Disrupt in San Francisco, and Calacanis produced the launch Conference. Both have been successful. a man of many talents and with a keen eye for innovative technology, Arrington launched a project in 2008 with Fusion Garage to develop a $200 tablet, the CrunchPad. However, after several prototypes, arrington claimed the company had cut him out of the process. When the tablet went on the market, it fizzled. arrington has an ongoing lawsuit with the company. During this time, animosity started to grow between arrington and consumer electronics blog engadget because, contending that what engadget was publishing about his relationship and falling out with Fusion Garage was incorrect. This animosity would grow and come into play later in arrington’s career. As TechCrunch’s popularity grew, Arrington, who was already brash, grew more menacing in his articles and demeanor. He started getting death threats in the summer of 2008 and reported these to the police, then went to Hawaii until the air cleared. His relationships with certain colleagues remained contentious. On June 6, 2009, he had a falling out with radio personality and tech reporter leo laporte on the Gillmor Gang after accusing him of giving a positive review on the Palm Pre in exchange for a fiveday evaluation unit. Laporte was enraged that his journalistic integrity had been questioned and stormed off the stage where this exchange took place. arrington and
laporte apologized to each other the same day, but not long afterward, the Gillmor 21 J. Michael Arrington
Affiliation: TechCrunch TechCrunch was first published on June 11, 2005, founded by serial entrepreneur and technology revivalist J. Michael Arrington. This website offers the latest technology news and analysis, including reports on startups, websites, and products. The blog averaged nearly five posts every two days in its first year: 879 posts. Since its inception, TechCrunch’s network has grown into several popular sites and programs. Some of these affiliated websites include CrunchBase, Crunchboard, TechCrunch TV, TechCrunch IT, Elevator Pitches, international TechCrunch sites (Europe, Japan, and France), InviteShare, and Gillmor Gang. In 2010, the company was involved in a bribery scandal. Daniel Brusilovsky, a seventeen-year-old parttime employee, accepted a MacBook Air from a start-up in exchange for writing a post about them. Arrington fired him and removed his posts from the site. Two earlier sites that merged with TechCrunch are MobileCrunch and CrunchGear. They have mounted several one-day events—including TechCrunch London’s GeeknRolla and TechCrunch Disrupt—as well as the annual TechCrunch50 in San Francisco. They were also the founding host of The Crunchies. In 2012, TechCrunch had an estimated 1,628,000 feed subscribers.
Gang was removed from the TWiT network. In the same year, arrington was leaving a business conference in munich and someone walked up to him and spat in his face. although arrington was accustomed to being insulted in public, he expressed his outrage about this incident in a blog post. He decided to make Seattle his part-time home in 2010. In September 2010, AOL’s CEO Tim Armstrong announced that the company had purchased TechCrunch for undisclosed amount, which was projected to be between $25 and $40 million. Despite Arrington’s declaration that he would have a long-lasting relationship aOl, that was not to be. He immediately claimed his independence from the company by engaging in a gratuitous war with engadget, an old wound that he reopened. He targeted the editors with public criticism, to which editor Joshua Topolsky promptly responded on Tumblr, temporarily diffusing the situation.
arrington tempered his irascible behavior toward engadget and returned to investing, starting up venture 22 Internet Innovators capital firm CrunchFund in 2011 with former college mate and venture capitalist Patrick Gallagher and mG Siegler. There were immediate concerns that this would present a conflict of interest, since Arrington was still contributing to TechCrunch. Arianna Huffington told The New York Times that arrington no longer had editorial responsibilites with the site and that he was an unpaid blogger. arrington walked away from aOl and TechCrunch at that point, although he kept the $8 million investment that aOl had contributed to CrunchFund. A venture capital company, CrunchFund finances information technology companies at any stage but prefers seed or early-stage investments. Personal life In 2012, arrington was single with no children, leading a private personal life. His extremely long work hours have often interfered with his cultivating a personal life. He once dated a miss Universe contestant from Denmark and was in a long-term relationship of four years, until he started TechCrunch, where his devotion to the tech world interfered with his relationship. From 2007 to 2008, he was in an on-again/off-again relationship with Silicon Valley heiress meghan asha, which eventually faded. In 2009, on April Fool’s Day, TechCrunch ran an article asking women to submit information to be considered to go on a Ustreamed dinner date with arrington. Some did not realize this was a joke and eagerly submitted their photos. arrington recently invested in the social dating network theComplete.me; he has noted that online dating is stagnant area in need of disruption. He is also an avid animal activist. Sonya Alexander further reading Cringely, robert X. Accidental Empires: How the Boys of Silicon Valley Make Their Millions, Battle Foreign Competition and Still Can’t Get a Date. New York: HarperBusiness, 1996. Print. an exploration of geekdom’s finest and the building the computer industry empire. Kaplan, David a. The Silicon Boys and Their Valley of Dreams. New York: morrow, 1999. Print. a look at the ways Silicon Valley rivals Washington,
D.C., and Hollywood in the realms of celebrity, money, and success. Kenney, martin. Understanding Silicon Valley: The Anatomy of an Entrepreneurial Region. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2000. Print. an analysis of what makes Silicon Valley so productive and a hub of technological advancement. Internet Innovators Siegler, mG. You’re Damn Right I’m a Fanboy: MG Siegler on Apple, Google, Startup Culture and Jackasses on the Internet. Hyperink, 2012. Digital.
included Scottish, Irish, Taiwanese, and French ancestry. He credits australian architect John Shipton as his biological father. Shipton had no contact with assange until the latter was twenty-five years old. His stepfather was Australian theater director richard Brett assange, whom his mother, Christine ann Hawkins, married when he was only one year old. assange’s mother raised him. She had numerous marriages and moved more than thirty times during assange’s childhood. He attended Goolmangar Primary Julian Assange CrunchFund partner and TechCrunch columnist makes observations about Silicon Valley.
Julian assange Founder of WikiLeaks Born: July 3, 1971; Townsville, Queensland, Australia Died: Primary Field: Internet Specialty: ethics and policy Primary Company/Organization: Wikileaks introduCtion Australian computer programmer, journalist, publisher, and activist Julian Assange’s career has been shaped by his beliefs in transparency and the freedom of information. He entered the computer field as a hacker at age sixteen. After arrest and prosecution, he turned his talents to the rapidly growing Internet, helping the 1993 development of one of Australia’s first public Internet service providers, the Suburbia Public Access Network. He also developed a number of free computer software programs. Assange achieved widespread recognition in 2006 as the founder and public spokesman for the website WikiLeaks, which used Internet technology to enter leaked or hacked secret and classified information into the public domain. The site sparked enormous public debate over Internet posting ethics and censorship after it released approximately ninety thousand classified documents related to the U.S. military records regarding the war in Afghanistan, known collectively as the Afghan War Diary, in 2010. early life Julian Paul Assange was born in Townsville, Queensland, australia on July 3, 1971. assange himself once claimed to come from a blended background that
School in New South Wales from 1979 to 1983 among shorter stints at numerous other schools and periods of home schooling. assange later attended the University of melbourne and the University of Canberra from 2002 to 2005, studying for a bachelor of science degree before dropping out. His main fields of study were mathematics and physics. His departure was reportedly partly in protest over his belief that student research was being used for military purposes. In 1987, when he was a teenager, assange began operating as a computer hacker by the name of mendax. He chose the name based on the latin phrase splendide mendax, which means “nobly untruthful.” He and his mother were living outside melbourne, australia, at the time. He joined other hackers to form the International
Julian Assange. 23
Internet Innovators examination of arnold’s role in Sharecare. Illustrated. Sherrid, Pamela. “The Microsoft of Medical Web Sites.” U.S. News and World Report 128.8 28 Feb. 2000. Print. Traces the role of Jeff Arnold in engineering the rise of WebmD. Illustrated. Stelter, Brian. “Online encyclopedia Gets New Push from Discovery.” New York Times 30 June 2008. Print. Profiles Jeff Arnold’s career, focusing on his tenure at HowStuffWorks. Warner, Melanie. “The Young and the Loaded.” Fortune 140.6 (1999): n. pag. CNN.com. Web. 1 may 2012. Surveys the forty richest americans under age forty at the time, including arnold.
J. miChael arrington Founder of TechCrunch Born: March 13, 1970; Huntington Beach, California Died: Primary Field: Internet Specialty: Commerce Primary Company/Organization: TechCrunch
arrington had an entrepreneurial spirit early in life. During college, he gave his neighbors competition in the recycling arena. They had been taking their empty beer cans and bottles to a local latino family, until
introduCtion J. Michael Arrington is an influential technology blogger and venture capitalist. A former corporate attorney, Arrington has a hard-hitting, take-noprisoners writing style that has catapulted some Silicon Valley start-ups and sunk others. Although often under fire or a subject of derision for his brash manner and outspokenness, he is nonetheless considered one of the most prominent technology personalities and a major power broker. The companies in which he has invested have for the most part done well, and his buoyancy and knack for honing in on cutting-edge start-ups are major components of that success. early life J. michael arrington was born on march 13, 1970, and grew up in Orange County, California, and in Surrey, england. He attended the University of California, Berkeley, then transferred after his freshman year to Claremont mcKenna College, a private liberal arts college east of los angeles, where earned his bachelor’s degree in economics in 1992. In 1995, he obtained a juris doctor degree from Stanford University. 20
J. Michael Arrington. Internet Innovators
Arrington infiltrated the exchange and collared the market for himself. after earning his law degree, arrington worked for a few years at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich and rosati, and O’melveny and myers, where he dealt solely with technology companies. Some of his clients included Netscape, Pixar, Apple, and Idealab. The Internet was just starting to boom. arrington deserted corporate and securities law and got involved in the dot-com world. even though he was involved with two auspicious Internet companies, RealNames and Achex, he did not make any huge financial gains with them. He went on to take an active role at a Carlyle-backed start-up in london, founded and ran two companies in Canada (Zip.ca and Pool.com), was chief operating officer to Kleiner Perkins Caufield and Byers–backed company razorgator, and consulted with various other companies, including SnapNames and Verisign. In addition to TechCrunch, he founded Edgeio and was a member of its board of directors. life’s Work Following the dot-com bust, arrington took a year off, then returned to work. In 2005, he was inspired by american software developer, entrepreneur, and writer Dave overall done Winer and started writing about Silicon Valley and start-ups as a hobby. His writing was in sharp, plain english, and he would intersperse images to break up the text. He made the tech world and its goings-on accessible to everyone. Backed by archimedes Ventures, he and Keith Teare started producing what would be known as TechCrunch. It garnered a large following quickly because of arrington’s intense writing style, insider knowledge, and business strategy. TechCrunch involved not only blogs but also events. The company won a reputation for throwing fabulous parties at arrington’s atherton home, and through these soirées arrington got on the inside track regarding what was happening in Silicon Valley. The social networking that took place at these parties, which started in august 2005, encouraged the growth of the blog’s readership. arrington had also anticipated another surge in the tech industry and developed a band of influential allies that included robert Scoble as well as Winer. He was astute enough to notice a rising trend in investments, so by the time Tim O’Reilly, founder and chief executive officer (CeO) of O’reilly media, dropped the term Web 2.0, arrington was already entrenched in the second tech boom. His access to venture capitalists as a corporate attorney and his experience in the investing trenches
as an entrepreneur gave him the upper hand and added to J. Michael Arrington his writing a credibility that others did not necessarily have. He had built a solid reputation with heavy hitters in Silicon Valley, and that cachet followed him to his Technorati blog. Soon, arrington became one of the most powerful people on the Internet, but not without stepping on a few toes. Frequently involved in controversy, the serial entrepreneur butted heads with many of his peers, all the while putting his money where his mouth was by constantly investing. Daylife, Dogster, Omnidrive, DanceJam, and Seesmic were some of the companies he supported. He also extended his Crunch base with CrunchGear, CrunchMobile, and CrunchBoard. Touching on the live arena, he formed a partnership with Jason Calacanis (blogger and founder of Silicon alley, Weblogs, Inc., and mahaho) to mount the TechCrunch 20 conference, a successful conference for start-ups that evolved into TC40 and TC50. Arrington and Calacanis went their separate ways on TC50, doing separate conferences, but not without Calacanis’s claiming that Arrington had stiffed him. Arrington started TechCruch Disrupt in San Francisco, and Calacanis produced the launch Conference. Both have been successful. a man of many talents and with a keen eye for innovative technology, Arrington launched a project in 2008 with Fusion Garage to develop a $200 tablet, the CrunchPad. However, after several prototypes, arrington claimed the company had cut him out of the process. When the tablet went on the market, it fizzled. arrington has an ongoing lawsuit with the company. During this time, animosity started to grow between arrington and consumer electronics blog engadget because, contending that what engadget was publishing about his relationship and falling out with Fusion Garage was incorrect. This animosity would grow and come into play later in arrington’s career. As TechCrunch’s popularity grew, Arrington, who was already brash, grew more menacing in his articles and demeanor. He started getting death threats in the summer of 2008 and reported these to the police, then went to Hawaii until the air cleared. His relationships with certain colleagues remained contentious. On June 6, 2009, he had a falling out with radio personality and tech reporter leo laporte on the Gillmor Gang after accusing him of giving a positive review on the Palm Pre in exchange for a fiveday evaluation unit. Laporte was enraged that his journalistic integrity had been questioned and stormed off the stage where this exchange took place. arrington and
laporte apologized to each other the same day, but not long afterward, the Gillmor 21 J. Michael Arrington
Affiliation: TechCrunch TechCrunch was first published on June 11, 2005, founded by serial entrepreneur and technology revivalist J. Michael Arrington. This website offers the latest technology news and analysis, including reports on startups, websites, and products. The blog averaged nearly five posts every two days in its first year: 879 posts. Since its inception, TechCrunch’s network has grown into several popular sites and programs. Some of these affiliated websites include CrunchBase, Crunchboard, TechCrunch TV, TechCrunch IT, Elevator Pitches, international TechCrunch sites (Europe, Japan, and France), InviteShare, and Gillmor Gang. In 2010, the company was involved in a bribery scandal. Daniel Brusilovsky, a seventeen-year-old parttime employee, accepted a MacBook Air from a start-up in exchange for writing a post about them. Arrington fired him and removed his posts from the site. Two earlier sites that merged with TechCrunch are MobileCrunch and CrunchGear. They have mounted several one-day events—including TechCrunch London’s GeeknRolla and TechCrunch Disrupt—as well as the annual TechCrunch50 in San Francisco. They were also the founding host of The Crunchies. In 2012, TechCrunch had an estimated 1,628,000 feed subscribers.
Gang was removed from the TWiT network. In the same year, arrington was leaving a business conference in munich and someone walked up to him and spat in his face. although arrington was accustomed to being insulted in public, he expressed his outrage about this incident in a blog post. He decided to make Seattle his part-time home in 2010. In September 2010, AOL’s CEO Tim Armstrong announced that the company had purchased TechCrunch for undisclosed amount, which was projected to be between $25 and $40 million. Despite Arrington’s declaration that he would have a long-lasting relationship aOl, that was not to be. He immediately claimed his independence from the company by engaging in a gratuitous war with engadget, an old wound that he reopened. He targeted the editors with public criticism, to which editor Joshua Topolsky promptly responded on Tumblr, temporarily diffusing the situation.
arrington tempered his irascible behavior toward engadget and returned to investing, starting up venture 22 Internet Innovators capital firm CrunchFund in 2011 with former college mate and venture capitalist Patrick Gallagher and mG Siegler. There were immediate concerns that this would present a conflict of interest, since Arrington was still contributing to TechCrunch. Arianna Huffington told The New York Times that arrington no longer had editorial responsibilites with the site and that he was an unpaid blogger. arrington walked away from aOl and TechCrunch at that point, although he kept the $8 million investment that aOl had contributed to CrunchFund. A venture capital company, CrunchFund finances information technology companies at any stage but prefers seed or early-stage investments. Personal life In 2012, arrington was single with no children, leading a private personal life. His extremely long work hours have often interfered with his cultivating a personal life. He once dated a miss Universe contestant from Denmark and was in a long-term relationship of four years, until he started TechCrunch, where his devotion to the tech world interfered with his relationship. From 2007 to 2008, he was in an on-again/off-again relationship with Silicon Valley heiress meghan asha, which eventually faded. In 2009, on April Fool’s Day, TechCrunch ran an article asking women to submit information to be considered to go on a Ustreamed dinner date with arrington. Some did not realize this was a joke and eagerly submitted their photos. arrington recently invested in the social dating network theComplete.me; he has noted that online dating is stagnant area in need of disruption. He is also an avid animal activist. Sonya Alexander further reading Cringely, robert X. Accidental Empires: How the Boys of Silicon Valley Make Their Millions, Battle Foreign Competition and Still Can’t Get a Date. New York: HarperBusiness, 1996. Print. an exploration of geekdom’s finest and the building the computer industry empire. Kaplan, David a. The Silicon Boys and Their Valley of Dreams. New York: morrow, 1999. Print. a look at the ways Silicon Valley rivals Washington,
D.C., and Hollywood in the realms of celebrity, money, and success. Kenney, martin. Understanding Silicon Valley: The Anatomy of an Entrepreneurial Region. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2000. Print. an analysis of what makes Silicon Valley so productive and a hub of technological advancement. Internet Innovators Siegler, mG. You’re Damn Right I’m a Fanboy: MG Siegler on Apple, Google, Startup Culture and Jackasses on the Internet. Hyperink, 2012. Digital.
included Scottish, Irish, Taiwanese, and French ancestry. He credits australian architect John Shipton as his biological father. Shipton had no contact with assange until the latter was twenty-five years old. His stepfather was Australian theater director richard Brett assange, whom his mother, Christine ann Hawkins, married when he was only one year old. assange’s mother raised him. She had numerous marriages and moved more than thirty times during assange’s childhood. He attended Goolmangar Primary Julian Assange CrunchFund partner and TechCrunch columnist makes observations about Silicon Valley.
Julian assange Founder of WikiLeaks Born: July 3, 1971; Townsville, Queensland, Australia Died: Primary Field: Internet Specialty: ethics and policy Primary Company/Organization: Wikileaks introduCtion Australian computer programmer, journalist, publisher, and activist Julian Assange’s career has been shaped by his beliefs in transparency and the freedom of information. He entered the computer field as a hacker at age sixteen. After arrest and prosecution, he turned his talents to the rapidly growing Internet, helping the 1993 development of one of Australia’s first public Internet service providers, the Suburbia Public Access Network. He also developed a number of free computer software programs. Assange achieved widespread recognition in 2006 as the founder and public spokesman for the website WikiLeaks, which used Internet technology to enter leaked or hacked secret and classified information into the public domain. The site sparked enormous public debate over Internet posting ethics and censorship after it released approximately ninety thousand classified documents related to the U.S. military records regarding the war in Afghanistan, known collectively as the Afghan War Diary, in 2010. early life Julian Paul Assange was born in Townsville, Queensland, australia on July 3, 1971. assange himself once claimed to come from a blended background that
School in New South Wales from 1979 to 1983 among shorter stints at numerous other schools and periods of home schooling. assange later attended the University of melbourne and the University of Canberra from 2002 to 2005, studying for a bachelor of science degree before dropping out. His main fields of study were mathematics and physics. His departure was reportedly partly in protest over his belief that student research was being used for military purposes. In 1987, when he was a teenager, assange began operating as a computer hacker by the name of mendax. He chose the name based on the latin phrase splendide mendax, which means “nobly untruthful.” He and his mother were living outside melbourne, australia, at the time. He joined other hackers to form the International
Julian Assange. 23
