Lae City Papua New Guinea CO2, N2O and CH4 Monitoring System
Technicity Final Project 2014
Lae City Papua New Guinea CO2, N2O and CH4 Monitoring System Completed by Mirzi L. Betasolo
INTENT OF THE PROJECT To explore a technology that provides a monitoring system of Carbon Dioxide ( CO2), Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Methane (CH4), in the Lae City Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea which is the industrial hub of the country, that will identify the pollution level, alert the public, identify contributors, and notify the government for necessary legislations as basis to reduce GHG emissions in the country.
Greenhouse gases (GHG) are the primary cause for climate change, which can lead to threats on health of the public including increased ozone pollution and long heat waves. According to World bank, globally CO2 contributes about 64%, methane 19%, nitrous oxide , 6%, other gases 11%, (PFC,HFC,HF6) The value for CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption in (kt) in Papua New Guinea was 520.71 as of 2009 and over the past 49 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 535.38 in 2006 and a minimum value of 0.00 in 1960 (http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/papua-newguinea/co2-emissions)
The economy of Papua New Guinea is largely dominated by exports and incomes from mining and petroleum, agriculture, forestry, fishing and, to a lesser extent, construction and transport sectors. But with the current development of Lae City’s, the country’s industrial hub, e City’s New Port development will add the city’s activities and consequently will lead to increase in greenhouse gases emissions. The Lae City in Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea Carbon Dioxide ( CO2), Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Methane (CH4) Monitoring System will be a mitigating measure that will assist the country in its endeavor to promote the conservation of a unique and rich biological diversity which is estimated to be about 5-7% of the global biodiversity, desire to reduce global warming and climate change.
Technicity Final Project 2014
Lae City Papua New Guinea CO2, N2O and CH4 Monitoring System Completed by Mirzi L. Betasolo The road in orange is the highland highway where it connects with the other majority provinces of the country (as shown in figure 2). Port Moresby is the main city of the country where the international airport is located and major developments.
Project Description The project intends to create a monitoring system of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contributors such as carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrous oxide (N2O), and Methane (CH4) as it consist the highest percentages of gases among other gases such as PFC,HFC,HF6 in Lae City (as shown in figure 1), the industrial hub of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea. Lae City is the second largest of the country.
Figure 1, Lae City (image source Google)
Figure 2, Map of Papua New Guinea (image source: Google) The sensor that will be used to sense the said gases can be bought in the market(see http://www.ebay.com/itm/100-NEWMethane-gas-sensor-MQ214-/18 , http://www.ebay.com/itm/MQ-2-GasSensor-Module-Smoke-Methane, http://www.ebay.com/itm/MQ-2-GasSensor-Module-Smoke-Methane). Also as The said sensors may not be so sensitive to detect the gases as studies on high sensitivity are still on progress such as studies of nano sensors by Dr. Harry Ruda of the Centre for Nanotechnology at the University of Toronto and Dr. David Risk of St. Francis Xavier who are working on single nanowire transistors that should have unprecedented sensitivity for detecting CO emissions, even one molecule of carbon
Technicity Final Project 2014
Lae City Papua New Guinea CO2, N2O and CH4 Monitoring System Completed by Mirzi L. Betasolo dioxide, cheaper, and energy efficient sensors ( http://www.nanowerk.com/news2/newsid=2 8824.php). The sensor has to be very sensitive to pick up GHG gases levels projected in air. Accurate monitoring is important, but until the system is made and trials had been made, only then can we say how much sensitivity it could have.
(image source: Google map)
According to Ruda a (http://www.nanowerk.com/news2/newsid= 28824.php) the sensors could provide complete topographic and temporal mapping of carbon emissions, which would help in the design of new protocols for carbon storage and recovery systems as well provide the means for enforcing regulations, all of which will enable markedly reduced emissions. He further says, that risk's role will be in testing and translational work that will help embed the sensors in these real‐ world application environments. In this case my project proposal will require to be embedded at a signal device similar to a stop lights that signals green if the is below the threshold, yellow when it goes beyond the threshold but within the sustainable level, and red when it is already beyond the threshold and at critical level.
Figure 4. Lae city Milford Road – Bumbu Bridge(image source: Google map)
The signal devices will be strategically located in the heart of the city where it can be visualized to alert the public as shown in the figures 3,4,5.
Figure 3. Lae city Milford Road
Figure 5. The Civil Engineering Department of The Papua New Guinea University of Technology (image source: Google map) The locations will not confuse with traffic lights because of their similarities. The signals intend to alert the public to inform authorities using mobile application regarding the impact of GHG emissions in the City. Such activity can pressure the government and policy makers to act regulation that will reduce the people’s risks. The sensors attached to a signaling device (similar to a traffic signal device) will be sending signals to the central data station where the data are analyzed and kept. The monitoring system includes the manipulation of software available in the
Technicity Final Project 2014
Lae City Papua New Guinea CO2, N2O and CH4 Monitoring System Completed by Mirzi L. Betasolo market (http://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/help/tool 2014/index.html, http://www.teamindustrialservices.com/indu strial-services/emissions-c). The said monitoring system will be monitored by the Civil Engineering Department of The Papua New Guinea University of Technology where Environment and Public Health is one of the major courses. How it works? The project cannot be implemented now because of the financial constraint to buy the different sensors and software that will store the data. But as soon as the sensors are purchased we will install the sensors with a signal device (signals: green, yellow, and red as shown in figure 6) and place them in strategic places in the city. The sensor with the signal device will be connected wireless to the data station which is at the Papua New Guinea University of Technology. Students and faculty at the department who are handling the Environmental and Public Health will do the monitoring and it will be part of the Environmental and Public Health laboratory facility of the Civil Engineering Department.
Figure 6. Image of the signal device
Mobile applications will be designed and disseminated to public via newspaper for its use as it is one of the best medium and wellread papers in the country and will include also the radio and television in the campaign to engage the public. Currently, as previously mentioned the prototype cannot be made because of the expenses it may entails, thus until the project proposal will be granted and funded by the University we cannot proceed to work.
Who are engaged in the project?
The public will have participation through the mobile application that will be accessed in smart phones through engaging the country’s mobile networks. The students (undergraduate, graduates, post graduates) and staff of the Civil Engineering Department of The Papua New Guinea University of Technology will be involved in the design and monitoring the system. The government, the industrial sector will also be involved to take action if the collected data are increasing and posing great risk to the people of Lae City and the country as a whole.
Lae City Papua New Guinea CO2, N2O and CH4 Monitoring System Completed by Mirzi L. Betasolo
INTENT OF THE PROJECT To explore a technology that provides a monitoring system of Carbon Dioxide ( CO2), Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Methane (CH4), in the Lae City Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea which is the industrial hub of the country, that will identify the pollution level, alert the public, identify contributors, and notify the government for necessary legislations as basis to reduce GHG emissions in the country.
Greenhouse gases (GHG) are the primary cause for climate change, which can lead to threats on health of the public including increased ozone pollution and long heat waves. According to World bank, globally CO2 contributes about 64%, methane 19%, nitrous oxide , 6%, other gases 11%, (PFC,HFC,HF6) The value for CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption in (kt) in Papua New Guinea was 520.71 as of 2009 and over the past 49 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 535.38 in 2006 and a minimum value of 0.00 in 1960 (http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/papua-newguinea/co2-emissions)
The economy of Papua New Guinea is largely dominated by exports and incomes from mining and petroleum, agriculture, forestry, fishing and, to a lesser extent, construction and transport sectors. But with the current development of Lae City’s, the country’s industrial hub, e City’s New Port development will add the city’s activities and consequently will lead to increase in greenhouse gases emissions. The Lae City in Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea Carbon Dioxide ( CO2), Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Methane (CH4) Monitoring System will be a mitigating measure that will assist the country in its endeavor to promote the conservation of a unique and rich biological diversity which is estimated to be about 5-7% of the global biodiversity, desire to reduce global warming and climate change.
Technicity Final Project 2014
Lae City Papua New Guinea CO2, N2O and CH4 Monitoring System Completed by Mirzi L. Betasolo The road in orange is the highland highway where it connects with the other majority provinces of the country (as shown in figure 2). Port Moresby is the main city of the country where the international airport is located and major developments.
Project Description The project intends to create a monitoring system of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contributors such as carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrous oxide (N2O), and Methane (CH4) as it consist the highest percentages of gases among other gases such as PFC,HFC,HF6 in Lae City (as shown in figure 1), the industrial hub of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea. Lae City is the second largest of the country.
Figure 1, Lae City (image source Google)
Figure 2, Map of Papua New Guinea (image source: Google) The sensor that will be used to sense the said gases can be bought in the market(see http://www.ebay.com/itm/100-NEWMethane-gas-sensor-MQ214-/18 , http://www.ebay.com/itm/MQ-2-GasSensor-Module-Smoke-Methane, http://www.ebay.com/itm/MQ-2-GasSensor-Module-Smoke-Methane). Also as The said sensors may not be so sensitive to detect the gases as studies on high sensitivity are still on progress such as studies of nano sensors by Dr. Harry Ruda of the Centre for Nanotechnology at the University of Toronto and Dr. David Risk of St. Francis Xavier who are working on single nanowire transistors that should have unprecedented sensitivity for detecting CO emissions, even one molecule of carbon
Technicity Final Project 2014
Lae City Papua New Guinea CO2, N2O and CH4 Monitoring System Completed by Mirzi L. Betasolo dioxide, cheaper, and energy efficient sensors ( http://www.nanowerk.com/news2/newsid=2 8824.php). The sensor has to be very sensitive to pick up GHG gases levels projected in air. Accurate monitoring is important, but until the system is made and trials had been made, only then can we say how much sensitivity it could have.
(image source: Google map)
According to Ruda a (http://www.nanowerk.com/news2/newsid= 28824.php) the sensors could provide complete topographic and temporal mapping of carbon emissions, which would help in the design of new protocols for carbon storage and recovery systems as well provide the means for enforcing regulations, all of which will enable markedly reduced emissions. He further says, that risk's role will be in testing and translational work that will help embed the sensors in these real‐ world application environments. In this case my project proposal will require to be embedded at a signal device similar to a stop lights that signals green if the is below the threshold, yellow when it goes beyond the threshold but within the sustainable level, and red when it is already beyond the threshold and at critical level.
Figure 4. Lae city Milford Road – Bumbu Bridge(image source: Google map)
The signal devices will be strategically located in the heart of the city where it can be visualized to alert the public as shown in the figures 3,4,5.
Figure 3. Lae city Milford Road
Figure 5. The Civil Engineering Department of The Papua New Guinea University of Technology (image source: Google map) The locations will not confuse with traffic lights because of their similarities. The signals intend to alert the public to inform authorities using mobile application regarding the impact of GHG emissions in the City. Such activity can pressure the government and policy makers to act regulation that will reduce the people’s risks. The sensors attached to a signaling device (similar to a traffic signal device) will be sending signals to the central data station where the data are analyzed and kept. The monitoring system includes the manipulation of software available in the
Technicity Final Project 2014
Lae City Papua New Guinea CO2, N2O and CH4 Monitoring System Completed by Mirzi L. Betasolo market (http://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/help/tool 2014/index.html, http://www.teamindustrialservices.com/indu strial-services/emissions-c). The said monitoring system will be monitored by the Civil Engineering Department of The Papua New Guinea University of Technology where Environment and Public Health is one of the major courses. How it works? The project cannot be implemented now because of the financial constraint to buy the different sensors and software that will store the data. But as soon as the sensors are purchased we will install the sensors with a signal device (signals: green, yellow, and red as shown in figure 6) and place them in strategic places in the city. The sensor with the signal device will be connected wireless to the data station which is at the Papua New Guinea University of Technology. Students and faculty at the department who are handling the Environmental and Public Health will do the monitoring and it will be part of the Environmental and Public Health laboratory facility of the Civil Engineering Department.
Figure 6. Image of the signal device
Mobile applications will be designed and disseminated to public via newspaper for its use as it is one of the best medium and wellread papers in the country and will include also the radio and television in the campaign to engage the public. Currently, as previously mentioned the prototype cannot be made because of the expenses it may entails, thus until the project proposal will be granted and funded by the University we cannot proceed to work.
Who are engaged in the project?
The public will have participation through the mobile application that will be accessed in smart phones through engaging the country’s mobile networks. The students (undergraduate, graduates, post graduates) and staff of the Civil Engineering Department of The Papua New Guinea University of Technology will be involved in the design and monitoring the system. The government, the industrial sector will also be involved to take action if the collected data are increasing and posing great risk to the people of Lae City and the country as a whole.
