Leafy
Leafy Silage Varieties
Leafy is Selected for Silage
To create silage specific products that are reliable, high yielding, nutritious, and profitable for the dairy farmer.
Main Stream Corn Breeding • High Grain Yield • Rapid kernel drying rates • High grain test weight with very vitreous kernels •Good late season standability • Long stay green, ripe ears on green stalks
Main Stream Corn Breeding • High Grain Yield • Rapid kernel drying rates • High grain test weight with very vitreous kernels •Good late season standability • Long stay green, ripe ears on green stalks
Seed Company
Farmer
Elevator
End User
Silage, an Overview
Dual Purpose
Leafy (1992) the industry’s first silage specific products
bmr (1994)
Dual Purpose as Silage Dual Purpose is selected for grain production: • High grain yield
• Rapid kernel drying rates • High grain test weight with very vitreous kernels • Good late season standability • Long stay green, ripe ears on green stalks • Transgenic traits: corn borer, rootworm, herbicide resistance
Dual Purpose Hybrids for Silage Dual Purpose is selected for grain production: Solving the silage problem: • Hard vitreous kernels are broken into pieces • Ensiled for six months or more • Stalk is cut higher during harvest
Breeding Leafy Silage Leafy is se ected exclusively for silage use: • Lower plant population • Higher leaf number with more above ear fibre • Low ear placement • Less lignified & more flexible • Adequate stalk strength until silage harvest • High total plant yield with good grain content • Low grain test weight - softer with more white starch
Breeding Leafy Silage Leafy is se ected exclusively for silage use: • Lower plant population • Higher leaf number with more above ear fibre • Low ear placement • Less lignified & more flexible • Adequate stalk strength until silage harvest • High total plant yield with good grain content • Low grain test weight - softer with more white starch • Slow kernal maturation & slow total plant drying
Breeding bmr bmr is selected exclusively for silage use: • Total plant yield • High NDFd, low lignin • Standability and stay green • Traits for corn borer, root worm, Roundup resistance
Characteristics of bmr bmr is selected exclusively for silage use: • lower yield than dual purpose or leafy • Higher NDFd with more fragile fibre • Higher silage intake usually giving increased milk • More rapid fibre and grain passage through rumen • Dense vitreous kernels-more pieces appear in manure • Rations balanced with increased bmr silage can decrease concentrate corn in TMR • Requires extended time between harvest and feeding because of vitreous kernels
Research Chemical Compositions based on paired comparisons in published trials
Characteristic
Grain Hybrid
bmr
Leafy
C. Protein
7.7
8.1
7.9
Starch
30.1
29.5
28
43
41.9
45.1
Cellulose
22.2
22
23.4
Lignin
2.75
1.82
2.77
IVDDM
74.8
80.4
75.7
NDFd
42.6
52.7
46.4
v
NDF
Source: Pioneer Crop Insights as presented at the 2006 4 state dairy symposium. Data on 1 mm grind fresh dried sample.
The Leafy Advantage
• High and dependable silage yields • Longer optimum harvest period before kernels get too hard or crops get too dry • High fibre and starch digestibility • Can feed high levels of leafy silage in the ration • Leafy fed cows have high milk production
Leafy = Profitibility for Growers
Innovation in Starch Digestability The recessive Floury Gene • Vitreous (normal) Gene is dominant in the normal Leafy parent
Kernel Initials
Pollen
N f
N f NN fN fN ff
Kernels on Ear
• 1 in 4 kernels are totally floury • The other 75% are soft relative to BMR or Dual Purpose
Leafy Floury
25% Floury
100% Floury
Inbred Parent Floury
x =
Hybrid Leafy Floury
Inbred Parent Leafy
Floury Leafy - Chile 2013
U of Wisconsin Milk Study 2013
Leafy versus Pioneer’s Dual Purpose and Dow’s bmr...
Milk Study Parameters
• Grow different silage crops at recommended populations • Harvest on time at 65% moisture • Feed a high corn silage content ration • Feed a ration based on an analysis of individual corn silages • Start feeding one month after harvest • Feed for three months • Record all milk and money making parameters
Planting Parameters
Pioneer 35,000 ppa
15 Acres
bmr 33,000 ppa
15 Acres
Leafy 28,000 ppa Planted in isolation
15 Acres
Best Yielding Crop
U of W Milk Study 2013
Silage Moisture
Kernel Moisture Harvest
+1 Week
+ 2 Weeks +3 Weeks
Lfy
65
42
39
35
30
bmr
65
33
29
21
19
DP
58
37
32
25
22
U of W Milk Study 2013 % Dry Matter
bmr
Lfy week 1-7
Lfy week 8-14
bmr Silage
41.8
--
--
Lfy Silage
--
41.8
44.2
Alfalfa Silage
26.1
26.1
26.1
Wheat Straw
2.4
2.4
--
Corn Silage % DM
37.8
34.7
Diet % DM
49.8
48.4
47.8
Diet Intake DM/Day
28.2
26.5
?
lbs. CS DM Intake
26
24.4
?
lbs. CS as Fed Intake
68
70
?
Lfy consumed more as fed but was wetter, therefore, DM intake was limited by the straw
U of W Milk Study 2013 bmr
Lfy
Intake Dry Matter Intake Yield
28.2
26.5
Milk, kg/d
48.5
45.8
3.5% FCM, kg/d
50.7
49.5
Fat, %
3.83
4.03
Fat, kg/d
1.84
1.83
Protein, %
3.27
3.26
kg of milk/kg of DMI
1.73
1.73
kg of 3.5% FCM/kg DMI
1.82
1.86
740.3
732.5
Milk Components
Feed Conversion
Item BW, kg
The Leafy Advantage
• High and dependable silage yields • Longer optimum harvest period before kernels get too hard or crops get too dry • High fibre and starch digestibility • Can feed high levels of leafy silage in the ration • Leafy fed cows have high milk production
Leafy = Profitibility for Growers
Questions and Discussion
Leafy is Selected for Silage
To create silage specific products that are reliable, high yielding, nutritious, and profitable for the dairy farmer.
Main Stream Corn Breeding • High Grain Yield • Rapid kernel drying rates • High grain test weight with very vitreous kernels •Good late season standability • Long stay green, ripe ears on green stalks
Main Stream Corn Breeding • High Grain Yield • Rapid kernel drying rates • High grain test weight with very vitreous kernels •Good late season standability • Long stay green, ripe ears on green stalks
Seed Company
Farmer
Elevator
End User
Silage, an Overview
Dual Purpose
Leafy (1992) the industry’s first silage specific products
bmr (1994)
Dual Purpose as Silage Dual Purpose is selected for grain production: • High grain yield
• Rapid kernel drying rates • High grain test weight with very vitreous kernels • Good late season standability • Long stay green, ripe ears on green stalks • Transgenic traits: corn borer, rootworm, herbicide resistance
Dual Purpose Hybrids for Silage Dual Purpose is selected for grain production: Solving the silage problem: • Hard vitreous kernels are broken into pieces • Ensiled for six months or more • Stalk is cut higher during harvest
Breeding Leafy Silage Leafy is se ected exclusively for silage use: • Lower plant population • Higher leaf number with more above ear fibre • Low ear placement • Less lignified & more flexible • Adequate stalk strength until silage harvest • High total plant yield with good grain content • Low grain test weight - softer with more white starch
Breeding Leafy Silage Leafy is se ected exclusively for silage use: • Lower plant population • Higher leaf number with more above ear fibre • Low ear placement • Less lignified & more flexible • Adequate stalk strength until silage harvest • High total plant yield with good grain content • Low grain test weight - softer with more white starch • Slow kernal maturation & slow total plant drying
Breeding bmr bmr is selected exclusively for silage use: • Total plant yield • High NDFd, low lignin • Standability and stay green • Traits for corn borer, root worm, Roundup resistance
Characteristics of bmr bmr is selected exclusively for silage use: • lower yield than dual purpose or leafy • Higher NDFd with more fragile fibre • Higher silage intake usually giving increased milk • More rapid fibre and grain passage through rumen • Dense vitreous kernels-more pieces appear in manure • Rations balanced with increased bmr silage can decrease concentrate corn in TMR • Requires extended time between harvest and feeding because of vitreous kernels
Research Chemical Compositions based on paired comparisons in published trials
Characteristic
Grain Hybrid
bmr
Leafy
C. Protein
7.7
8.1
7.9
Starch
30.1
29.5
28
43
41.9
45.1
Cellulose
22.2
22
23.4
Lignin
2.75
1.82
2.77
IVDDM
74.8
80.4
75.7
NDFd
42.6
52.7
46.4
v
NDF
Source: Pioneer Crop Insights as presented at the 2006 4 state dairy symposium. Data on 1 mm grind fresh dried sample.
The Leafy Advantage
• High and dependable silage yields • Longer optimum harvest period before kernels get too hard or crops get too dry • High fibre and starch digestibility • Can feed high levels of leafy silage in the ration • Leafy fed cows have high milk production
Leafy = Profitibility for Growers
Innovation in Starch Digestability The recessive Floury Gene • Vitreous (normal) Gene is dominant in the normal Leafy parent
Kernel Initials
Pollen
N f
N f NN fN fN ff
Kernels on Ear
• 1 in 4 kernels are totally floury • The other 75% are soft relative to BMR or Dual Purpose
Leafy Floury
25% Floury
100% Floury
Inbred Parent Floury
x =
Hybrid Leafy Floury
Inbred Parent Leafy
Floury Leafy - Chile 2013
U of Wisconsin Milk Study 2013
Leafy versus Pioneer’s Dual Purpose and Dow’s bmr...
Milk Study Parameters
• Grow different silage crops at recommended populations • Harvest on time at 65% moisture • Feed a high corn silage content ration • Feed a ration based on an analysis of individual corn silages • Start feeding one month after harvest • Feed for three months • Record all milk and money making parameters
Planting Parameters
Pioneer 35,000 ppa
15 Acres
bmr 33,000 ppa
15 Acres
Leafy 28,000 ppa Planted in isolation
15 Acres
Best Yielding Crop
U of W Milk Study 2013
Silage Moisture
Kernel Moisture Harvest
+1 Week
+ 2 Weeks +3 Weeks
Lfy
65
42
39
35
30
bmr
65
33
29
21
19
DP
58
37
32
25
22
U of W Milk Study 2013 % Dry Matter
bmr
Lfy week 1-7
Lfy week 8-14
bmr Silage
41.8
--
--
Lfy Silage
--
41.8
44.2
Alfalfa Silage
26.1
26.1
26.1
Wheat Straw
2.4
2.4
--
Corn Silage % DM
37.8
34.7
Diet % DM
49.8
48.4
47.8
Diet Intake DM/Day
28.2
26.5
?
lbs. CS DM Intake
26
24.4
?
lbs. CS as Fed Intake
68
70
?
Lfy consumed more as fed but was wetter, therefore, DM intake was limited by the straw
U of W Milk Study 2013 bmr
Lfy
Intake Dry Matter Intake Yield
28.2
26.5
Milk, kg/d
48.5
45.8
3.5% FCM, kg/d
50.7
49.5
Fat, %
3.83
4.03
Fat, kg/d
1.84
1.83
Protein, %
3.27
3.26
kg of milk/kg of DMI
1.73
1.73
kg of 3.5% FCM/kg DMI
1.82
1.86
740.3
732.5
Milk Components
Feed Conversion
Item BW, kg
The Leafy Advantage
• High and dependable silage yields • Longer optimum harvest period before kernels get too hard or crops get too dry • High fibre and starch digestibility • Can feed high levels of leafy silage in the ration • Leafy fed cows have high milk production
Leafy = Profitibility for Growers
Questions and Discussion
