Learn About OCR - Microscan
Learn about OCR: Optical Character Recognition
Track, Trace & Control Solutions © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
About Your Presenter
Presenting today: Juan Worle Technical Training Coordinator Microscan Corporate Headquarters Renton, WA
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Course Objectives By completing this webinar you will:
Understand definition of OCR A little about the history, and where it is applied today
Know different types of OCR and how OCV is different Understand how to select the best tools
Know the critical features of OCR fonts Learn how to identify potential weak points in an application
Know how to identify reliable OCR applications Become familiar with applications that have been successful and low maintenance
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Topics
About OCR OCR and OCV Decoding OCR Example applications
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
About OCR
What does OCR mean, and some perspective What is OCR? A little history OCR and Machine Vision
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
What is OCR? Optical Character Recognition The conversion of written or typed text into a string of characters formatted for machines.
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
What is OCR? Optical Character Recognition
OCR fonts are unique: Unlike barcodes and 2D symbologies, they are both machine readable and human readable. – The data is considered less secure than barcodes and 2D symbols.
Some OCR software tools convert paper documents to electronic documents.
OCR conversion on a PC allows you to copy scanned text © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
A Little History OCR has been used commercially since the 1970s. Automated bill processing: OCR systems in automated payment processing facilities Retail check-out before UPC: Handheld OCR readers read the price of merchandise
The first patents were developed in the 1930s by Gustav Tauschek and then Paul Handel © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Automatic check processing machines use OCR algorithms and MICR fonts
Learn about OCR
A Little History Today OCR is used in many specialized applications. Search engines Handwriting recognition Postal tracking and document handling
Google’s powerful OCR software allows you to search the web from a mobile phone
Mailing systems use specialized OCR algorithms for handwriting recognition © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
A Little History OCR within Machine Vision focuses on industrial applications. Automotive, aerospace, semiconductor manufacturing Food and beverage handling Packaging Industrial applications for OCR have the following traits: Fixtured parts Consistent lighting and environment Consistent fonts
Example of LOT and DATE codes: By reading the text, the date can be checked, and the lot number verified © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
OCR and Machine Vision There are three uses for OCR and OCV tools. Presence: Ensure the characters have been marked – – –
Ensure the characters are present Check the readability of OCR characters Optical Character Verification (OCV) is common
Tracking: From stock through manufacturing to packaging – – OCR is used to identify the contents of unlabeled cans © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Lot, batch, expiration dates, serial numbers A common barcode application
Identification: Identify part or contents of a container – –
Ensure proper labeling Ensure product matches container
Learn about OCR
OCR and OCV
Understand the difference between Recognition and Verification Comparison of OCR and OCV Methods to read OCR
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Comparison of OCR and OCV OCV: Optical Character Verification Use OCV tools to check the legibility and quality of text, based on a fixed and known sequence of characters.
The output of an OCV tool is a quality report of correctness.
OCR: Optical Character Recognition
OCV: verify quality
The OCR tool is used to read an unknown sequence of characters.
The output of an OCR tool is machine usable text. OCR: read text
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Comparison of OCR and OCV Verification: Inspecting characters for content, correctness, quality, contrast and sharpness compared to stored templates. Examples:
Date / Lot verification Component ID verification –
ABC-123
Label, carton, insert, outsert
Verification of on-line printing – – –
Clinical labels Blister packs Direct printing on product
Use OCV to check levels of print quality and legibility
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Comparison of OCR and OCV Reading: A tool for reading text strings of random content and converting to machine usable text.
Examples: Sorting and identification Serialization Codes with Time/Date stamp Verification of readability
OCR can be used to read serial numbers on a data plate
– decoded=readable
Verification of on-line printing – Codes with inconsistent character placement or size – Can verify text using match
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Methods to Read OCR Fixed Font: The font characters must conform to a fixed pattern. Examples: – OCR-A, OCR-B: Many printed applications such as passports, documents, and pharmaceutical labels – SEMI: Used for semiconductor manufacturing – MICR: Banking documents such as checks.
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Methods to Read OCR Trainable Font: Any font can be presented and learned by Machine Vision software during setup, then identified during run-time. – More common than fixed font because any font or variations can be trained. – Reviews each character and looks for a match in the trained font library.
Trainable OCR tools let you use a non-standard font
When using trainable font tools, a character is not recognized until it is trained © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Decoding OCR
Understanding the unique traits of an OCR font
Character dimensions Font characteristics Print variations Improve performance
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Character Dimensions The overall size of the character matters, as well as the features. Area
Features Height Line Weight
Width © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Font Characteristics The font matters.
Maximize the difference in similar characters for more reliability. Many characters have very little difference.
Let’s look at the Arial font. The Character O has many similar characters:
O O CO QO G Original Arial: High probability of confusion © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Letter C 80% match
Letter Q 75% match
Letter G 70% match
Learn about OCR
Font Characteristics Fonts designed for machine reading work best.
Uniform character spacing Each character designed to be different than all others DPM applications
There are also several fonts designed for Inkjet and Direct Part Mark (DPM) applications Even character separation improves readability Good:
Verdana Sample
But better: Low probability of confusion: OCR-A is designed for machine reading and has differences in similar characters © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
OCR Sample
Learn about OCR
Print Variations Even if the text looks good on screen, printers can change appearance.
Print considerations SKEW
DPM considerations Dot Size
N L DEFECTS
Overprint Underprint
SCALE
Dot Spacing
Skew
Dot offset
LINE WEIGHT Tip: Avoid large gaps when marking characters. © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Print Variations The substrate (the material you are printing on) can affect readability.
Ink absorption Background noise Damaged characters
Background noise can cause character confusion
Damaged characters and uneven surfaces can affect decodability © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Improve Performance There are many ways to improve performance.
Use trainable font tools for more tolerance – Teach variations of a font – Slight rotations – Line weight – Focus Leave a quiet zone that is 2-3x character space Use additional Machine Vision tools – Morphology: modify the image – Dynamic location: use an anchor point
Original
Line weight
De-focus
Line weight
Teach variations of the font for more reliable reading © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Dynamic location is helpful if the part location moves
Morphology: Vision tools that can improve the appearance of an image
Learn about OCR
Improve Performance Recommendations when using Microscan products.
Use at least a 6 point font size Adjust camera to font for 25 pixels wide/30 pixels high Space between each character should be at least 1 point (0.015”) – Half the size of the character works best The smallest features within a character (like Line weight) should be at least 1 point (0.015”) Feature size > .015”
AB
Ideal space between characters is half the character size
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
30 Pixels 25 Pixels
Learn about OCR
OCR Applications
Some common OCR applications
Print verification Label verification Date and Lot code tracking Part identification
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Print Verification Continuous ink-jet (CIJ) on cartons. Validate the data Combine with barcode tool Feedback when the head should be cleaned
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Label Verification Ensure the proper label is applied. Several products are run on a single line Report error when incorrect label is applied
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Date and Lot Code Tracking Date and Lot code traceability. Validate and verify printing Track products through manufacturing Conform to regulations (FDA)
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Part Identification Identify gasket for installation. Read the part number to ensure the correct part is installed
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Learn about OCR Conclusion The idea of OCR is not new; it has been around since the 1930s. Industrial applications gained momentum in the 1970s. Today OCR tools are used in many non-industrial applications. Machine Vision OCR tools focus on industrial applications. OCR tools can be categorized by OCV, OCR Fixed Font or OCR Trainable Font. The features of a font are important and can determine the success of an application. – Font selection
– Substrate and marking method
– Probability of confusion
– Character separation
– Printer variables
– Character dimensions
The most common Machine Vision applications include Presence, Tracking, and Identification.
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Thank you! For more information Website: www.microscan.com – – – –
Online courses Spec sheets Technology brochures Support self-help and support request form
Graduation exercise Download Visionscape from www.microscan.com download center
Instructor: Juan Worle, Technical Training Coordinator
Feedback on this webinar: www.microscan.com/feedback Additional contacts: Product information: [email protected] Training: [email protected] Support: [email protected]
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Track, Trace & Control Solutions © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
About Your Presenter
Presenting today: Juan Worle Technical Training Coordinator Microscan Corporate Headquarters Renton, WA
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Course Objectives By completing this webinar you will:
Understand definition of OCR A little about the history, and where it is applied today
Know different types of OCR and how OCV is different Understand how to select the best tools
Know the critical features of OCR fonts Learn how to identify potential weak points in an application
Know how to identify reliable OCR applications Become familiar with applications that have been successful and low maintenance
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Topics
About OCR OCR and OCV Decoding OCR Example applications
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
About OCR
What does OCR mean, and some perspective What is OCR? A little history OCR and Machine Vision
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
What is OCR? Optical Character Recognition The conversion of written or typed text into a string of characters formatted for machines.
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
What is OCR? Optical Character Recognition
OCR fonts are unique: Unlike barcodes and 2D symbologies, they are both machine readable and human readable. – The data is considered less secure than barcodes and 2D symbols.
Some OCR software tools convert paper documents to electronic documents.
OCR conversion on a PC allows you to copy scanned text © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
A Little History OCR has been used commercially since the 1970s. Automated bill processing: OCR systems in automated payment processing facilities Retail check-out before UPC: Handheld OCR readers read the price of merchandise
The first patents were developed in the 1930s by Gustav Tauschek and then Paul Handel © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Automatic check processing machines use OCR algorithms and MICR fonts
Learn about OCR
A Little History Today OCR is used in many specialized applications. Search engines Handwriting recognition Postal tracking and document handling
Google’s powerful OCR software allows you to search the web from a mobile phone
Mailing systems use specialized OCR algorithms for handwriting recognition © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
A Little History OCR within Machine Vision focuses on industrial applications. Automotive, aerospace, semiconductor manufacturing Food and beverage handling Packaging Industrial applications for OCR have the following traits: Fixtured parts Consistent lighting and environment Consistent fonts
Example of LOT and DATE codes: By reading the text, the date can be checked, and the lot number verified © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
OCR and Machine Vision There are three uses for OCR and OCV tools. Presence: Ensure the characters have been marked – – –
Ensure the characters are present Check the readability of OCR characters Optical Character Verification (OCV) is common
Tracking: From stock through manufacturing to packaging – – OCR is used to identify the contents of unlabeled cans © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Lot, batch, expiration dates, serial numbers A common barcode application
Identification: Identify part or contents of a container – –
Ensure proper labeling Ensure product matches container
Learn about OCR
OCR and OCV
Understand the difference between Recognition and Verification Comparison of OCR and OCV Methods to read OCR
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Comparison of OCR and OCV OCV: Optical Character Verification Use OCV tools to check the legibility and quality of text, based on a fixed and known sequence of characters.
The output of an OCV tool is a quality report of correctness.
OCR: Optical Character Recognition
OCV: verify quality
The OCR tool is used to read an unknown sequence of characters.
The output of an OCR tool is machine usable text. OCR: read text
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Comparison of OCR and OCV Verification: Inspecting characters for content, correctness, quality, contrast and sharpness compared to stored templates. Examples:
Date / Lot verification Component ID verification –
ABC-123
Label, carton, insert, outsert
Verification of on-line printing – – –
Clinical labels Blister packs Direct printing on product
Use OCV to check levels of print quality and legibility
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Comparison of OCR and OCV Reading: A tool for reading text strings of random content and converting to machine usable text.
Examples: Sorting and identification Serialization Codes with Time/Date stamp Verification of readability
OCR can be used to read serial numbers on a data plate
– decoded=readable
Verification of on-line printing – Codes with inconsistent character placement or size – Can verify text using match
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Methods to Read OCR Fixed Font: The font characters must conform to a fixed pattern. Examples: – OCR-A, OCR-B: Many printed applications such as passports, documents, and pharmaceutical labels – SEMI: Used for semiconductor manufacturing – MICR: Banking documents such as checks.
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Methods to Read OCR Trainable Font: Any font can be presented and learned by Machine Vision software during setup, then identified during run-time. – More common than fixed font because any font or variations can be trained. – Reviews each character and looks for a match in the trained font library.
Trainable OCR tools let you use a non-standard font
When using trainable font tools, a character is not recognized until it is trained © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Decoding OCR
Understanding the unique traits of an OCR font
Character dimensions Font characteristics Print variations Improve performance
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Character Dimensions The overall size of the character matters, as well as the features. Area
Features Height Line Weight
Width © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Font Characteristics The font matters.
Maximize the difference in similar characters for more reliability. Many characters have very little difference.
Let’s look at the Arial font. The Character O has many similar characters:
O O CO QO G Original Arial: High probability of confusion © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Letter C 80% match
Letter Q 75% match
Letter G 70% match
Learn about OCR
Font Characteristics Fonts designed for machine reading work best.
Uniform character spacing Each character designed to be different than all others DPM applications
There are also several fonts designed for Inkjet and Direct Part Mark (DPM) applications Even character separation improves readability Good:
Verdana Sample
But better: Low probability of confusion: OCR-A is designed for machine reading and has differences in similar characters © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
OCR Sample
Learn about OCR
Print Variations Even if the text looks good on screen, printers can change appearance.
Print considerations SKEW
DPM considerations Dot Size
N L DEFECTS
Overprint Underprint
SCALE
Dot Spacing
Skew
Dot offset
LINE WEIGHT Tip: Avoid large gaps when marking characters. © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Print Variations The substrate (the material you are printing on) can affect readability.
Ink absorption Background noise Damaged characters
Background noise can cause character confusion
Damaged characters and uneven surfaces can affect decodability © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Improve Performance There are many ways to improve performance.
Use trainable font tools for more tolerance – Teach variations of a font – Slight rotations – Line weight – Focus Leave a quiet zone that is 2-3x character space Use additional Machine Vision tools – Morphology: modify the image – Dynamic location: use an anchor point
Original
Line weight
De-focus
Line weight
Teach variations of the font for more reliable reading © 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Dynamic location is helpful if the part location moves
Morphology: Vision tools that can improve the appearance of an image
Learn about OCR
Improve Performance Recommendations when using Microscan products.
Use at least a 6 point font size Adjust camera to font for 25 pixels wide/30 pixels high Space between each character should be at least 1 point (0.015”) – Half the size of the character works best The smallest features within a character (like Line weight) should be at least 1 point (0.015”) Feature size > .015”
AB
Ideal space between characters is half the character size
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
30 Pixels 25 Pixels
Learn about OCR
OCR Applications
Some common OCR applications
Print verification Label verification Date and Lot code tracking Part identification
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Print Verification Continuous ink-jet (CIJ) on cartons. Validate the data Combine with barcode tool Feedback when the head should be cleaned
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Label Verification Ensure the proper label is applied. Several products are run on a single line Report error when incorrect label is applied
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Date and Lot Code Tracking Date and Lot code traceability. Validate and verify printing Track products through manufacturing Conform to regulations (FDA)
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Part Identification Identify gasket for installation. Read the part number to ensure the correct part is installed
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Learn about OCR Conclusion The idea of OCR is not new; it has been around since the 1930s. Industrial applications gained momentum in the 1970s. Today OCR tools are used in many non-industrial applications. Machine Vision OCR tools focus on industrial applications. OCR tools can be categorized by OCV, OCR Fixed Font or OCR Trainable Font. The features of a font are important and can determine the success of an application. – Font selection
– Substrate and marking method
– Probability of confusion
– Character separation
– Printer variables
– Character dimensions
The most common Machine Vision applications include Presence, Tracking, and Identification.
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
Learn about OCR
Thank you! For more information Website: www.microscan.com – – – –
Online courses Spec sheets Technology brochures Support self-help and support request form
Graduation exercise Download Visionscape from www.microscan.com download center
Instructor: Juan Worle, Technical Training Coordinator
Feedback on this webinar: www.microscan.com/feedback Additional contacts: Product information: [email protected] Training: [email protected] Support: [email protected]
© 2011 Microscan Systems, Inc.
