Lecture 12 retirement continuation
Lecture 12 retirement continuation Social class and retirement Good income and middle/upper occupations more satisfied Pre-retirement expectations influence ones experience of retirement People with good incomes are more satisfied with their retirement because they can do more, more leasure activities. Less funds aviable, people with poor pensions, might be unable to retire. Pre retirement influence how an individual experiences retirement. If you think retirement is crap, then you will experience it crappy. Sample of 200 man, found that people that were satisfied with their activities were highly satisfied with they retirement (social life, jobs)
Effects on individuals: social roles Does the loss of work role cause changes in mental and physical health? Do age related loses in functioning precede retirement or is there no relationship between changes in work patterns and health later in life?
Three theoretical prespectives od the effts of retirement on the individuals 1- Role theory 2- Continuity theory 3- Life course perspective Role theory
Continuit y theory
Life
The individual’s roles, or normative expectations for behaviour, provide major source of fulfillment because they integrate the individual with society. -The more roles you fill the higher physical and psychological well being. - The work role is the most important because it defines an individual daily activities, status and social group. Integration and fulfillment gives you guidance, and more roles more guidance. - Loss of work role loss of integration. Loss of the work role through retirement leads a person to feel unimportant, depressed – poor health. People that invested a lot in their jobs are likely to suffer after loss of their work. -when you leave your work, you leave your role, you lose sense of who you are. - in the UK, where retirement is mandatory, you might see more depression. does research show this is true?. Before people thought that a retiree will become ill and die but now rereaserch shows that the relationship between retirement and poor health is due to the fact that poor health causes early retirement. -counters the role theory, and proposes that retirement does not lead to serius disruptions in the individuals sense of identity, social connections or feelings of productivity. -The changes in work patterns doesn’t cause serious disruptions. Retirees maintain their previous goals, patterns of activities and relationships. - OA see their retirement as another stage of their careers, one that they have planned and positively anticipated and also see it as a different level of work involvement (people volunteer, that would be considered a full time career) Normative stage of vocational development, next logical step, normative
course theorytiming
timing is key Views retirement as a normative stage of vocational development. Changes that are associated with this period of life are seen as logical outgrowths of earlier life events. The factors that shaped the individuals prior vocational development will have prestisting influence throughtout retirement. Retirement will be stressful when timing is unexpected. An individual who is forced to retire earlier than planned will suffer.
Retirement and health- according to resource model of retirement adaptation even to difficult retirement transitions can be facilitated by being able to draw from a range of strngths and opportunities in a variety of life domains.
Adjusting to retirement People vary in their adjustment to retirement Factors that put an individual at greater risk for negative consequences in retirement: 1- Retiring early - off time retirement is stressful, especially if mandatory. Major influence in OA 2- Amount of planning time – minimum of 2 years. For men, it is the most important predictor of satisfaction. 3- Socioeconomic level – people at higher socioeconomic levels are less likely to retire, and they retire at later ages. Satisfaction associated to work is most likely found within those people. However, they can also take advantage of retiring benefits and enjoy leisure activities because they can afford it. 4- Work ethic beliefs 5- Continuity of work career – those in orderly careers spend the majority of their employed years in related occupations the higher the extent of orderliness in a peoples career, the higher their attachments to their communities, friends. They are also healthier physically, mentally and psychosocially. The social integration these individuals maintain during their careers eases their retirement transition and means they are likely to be in better health. 6- Loss of income – if you can’t afford basic necessities you will have a bad retirement. If you can afford the basic necessities you will do just fine.
Retirement and personality Retirement self-efficacy Psychological factors like 1- Self esteem 2- One’s own perception
Can effect adjustment in retirement Your personality impacts everything. If someone believes they can tackle everything , then you have a successful retirement. Your perceptions can affect retirement too. From book (page 33) -Effect of retirement in a married couple- partners were more likely to experience conflict now that they were in each other’s presence for most of the daytime as well as nighttime hours “spouse underfoot syndrome”. However another view is that they get more time to spend time with each other and are more happy. -the greatest conflict is observed when one partner is working while the other has retired.
Effects on individuals: social roles Does the loss of work role cause changes in mental and physical health? Do age related loses in functioning precede retirement or is there no relationship between changes in work patterns and health later in life?
Three theoretical prespectives od the effts of retirement on the individuals 1- Role theory 2- Continuity theory 3- Life course perspective Role theory
Continuit y theory
Life
The individual’s roles, or normative expectations for behaviour, provide major source of fulfillment because they integrate the individual with society. -The more roles you fill the higher physical and psychological well being. - The work role is the most important because it defines an individual daily activities, status and social group. Integration and fulfillment gives you guidance, and more roles more guidance. - Loss of work role loss of integration. Loss of the work role through retirement leads a person to feel unimportant, depressed – poor health. People that invested a lot in their jobs are likely to suffer after loss of their work. -when you leave your work, you leave your role, you lose sense of who you are. - in the UK, where retirement is mandatory, you might see more depression. does research show this is true?. Before people thought that a retiree will become ill and die but now rereaserch shows that the relationship between retirement and poor health is due to the fact that poor health causes early retirement. -counters the role theory, and proposes that retirement does not lead to serius disruptions in the individuals sense of identity, social connections or feelings of productivity. -The changes in work patterns doesn’t cause serious disruptions. Retirees maintain their previous goals, patterns of activities and relationships. - OA see their retirement as another stage of their careers, one that they have planned and positively anticipated and also see it as a different level of work involvement (people volunteer, that would be considered a full time career) Normative stage of vocational development, next logical step, normative
course theorytiming
timing is key Views retirement as a normative stage of vocational development. Changes that are associated with this period of life are seen as logical outgrowths of earlier life events. The factors that shaped the individuals prior vocational development will have prestisting influence throughtout retirement. Retirement will be stressful when timing is unexpected. An individual who is forced to retire earlier than planned will suffer.
Retirement and health- according to resource model of retirement adaptation even to difficult retirement transitions can be facilitated by being able to draw from a range of strngths and opportunities in a variety of life domains.
Adjusting to retirement People vary in their adjustment to retirement Factors that put an individual at greater risk for negative consequences in retirement: 1- Retiring early - off time retirement is stressful, especially if mandatory. Major influence in OA 2- Amount of planning time – minimum of 2 years. For men, it is the most important predictor of satisfaction. 3- Socioeconomic level – people at higher socioeconomic levels are less likely to retire, and they retire at later ages. Satisfaction associated to work is most likely found within those people. However, they can also take advantage of retiring benefits and enjoy leisure activities because they can afford it. 4- Work ethic beliefs 5- Continuity of work career – those in orderly careers spend the majority of their employed years in related occupations the higher the extent of orderliness in a peoples career, the higher their attachments to their communities, friends. They are also healthier physically, mentally and psychosocially. The social integration these individuals maintain during their careers eases their retirement transition and means they are likely to be in better health. 6- Loss of income – if you can’t afford basic necessities you will have a bad retirement. If you can afford the basic necessities you will do just fine.
Retirement and personality Retirement self-efficacy Psychological factors like 1- Self esteem 2- One’s own perception
Can effect adjustment in retirement Your personality impacts everything. If someone believes they can tackle everything , then you have a successful retirement. Your perceptions can affect retirement too. From book (page 33) -Effect of retirement in a married couple- partners were more likely to experience conflict now that they were in each other’s presence for most of the daytime as well as nighttime hours “spouse underfoot syndrome”. However another view is that they get more time to spend time with each other and are more happy. -the greatest conflict is observed when one partner is working while the other has retired.
