LECTURE: MACROMOLECULES PART 1
LECTURE: MACROMOLECULES PART 1 KIRSTIN BROWN
Lecture: MACROMOLECULES ▪ What are macromolecules? ➢ Macro = BIG ➢ Molecule
“ A macromolecule is a very large molecule commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits” - wikipedia
Polymerization = _____________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Lecture: MACROMOLECULES ▪ What are macromolecules? ➢ Macro = BIG ➢ Molecule
“ A macromolecule is a very large molecule commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits” - wikipedia
Life!
Lecture: MACROMOLECULES Outline: Macromolecules PART 1 o Monomers and polymers o How are monomers joined together? o How are polymers broken apart?
Macromolecules PART 2 o 4 types of polymers: ➢ Nucleic acids ➢ Proteins ➢ Polysaccharides ➢ Lipids
▪ A ____________ is a molecule consisting of a few
or many repeating building blocks called _____________
Monomers
Mono = _____
Polymer
Poly = _____
How are monomers joined together? ▪ Monomers are joined together to form polymers
by a _____________________________ reaction
+ _______
How are polymers broken apart? ▪ Polymers are broken down into monomers by a
______________ reaction
_____
MACROMOLECULES PART 1 - Summary ▪ Polymers are made up of building blocks called
________________
▪ Monomers are joined together by
________________________
▪ Polymers are broken down by
________________________
4 types of macromolecules
Nucleic Acid
Protein
Life
Polysaccharides
Lipids
LECTURE: MACROMOLECULES PART 2 KIRSTIN BROWN
Lecture: MACROMOLECULES Outline: Macromolecules PART 1 ✓ Monomers and polymers ✓ How are monomers joined together? ✓ How are polymers broken apart?
Macromolecules PART 2 o 4 types of polymers: ➢ Nucleic acids ➢ Proteins ➢ Polysaccharides ➢ Lipids
Nucleic Acids - structure ▪ The monomers of nucleic acids are called
__________________
▪ Nucleotides have 3 key “ingredients”: ➢ ____________ ➢ ____________ ➢ ____________
Nucleic Acids - structure ▪ Nucleotides come in 5 different “flavours”
depending their nitrogenous base
_____________
______________
Nucleic Acids - structure ▪ Nucleotides come in 5 different “flavours”
depending their nitrogenous base
_____ only
____ only
Nucleic Acids - structure ▪ Nucleotides are joined together by a
dehydration / condensation reaction
▪ A ________________ bond is formed between the
5’ phosphate of one nucleotide and the 3’ hydroxyl of the other.
Nucleic Acids - structure ▪ Nucleotides are joined together by a
dehydration / condensation reaction
▪ A phosphodiester bond is formed between the
5’ phosphate of one nucleotide and the 3’ hydroxyl of the other.
Nucleic Acids - structure ▪ Each strand has a __________________ backbone,
with the nitrogenous base facing inward
▪ Two strands are held together by ______________
____________ between the nitrogenous bases
▪ The strands are ____________________ and
________________
Nucleic Acids - summary ▪ Nucleotides consist of a phosphate, a sugar, and a
base
▪ Nucleotides are joined together by a
_____________ bond
DNA
RNA
Bases
A
A
Sugar
Deoxyribose (no –OH group on 4’ carbon)
CG
CG
Ribose (has –OH group on both 3’ and 4’ carbons)
▪ A always pairs with _________ ➢ _______ hydrogen bonds hold them together ▪ C always pairs with _________ ➢ _______ hydrogen bonds hold them together
▪ DNA strands are complementary and antiparallel,
and form a _____________________
Protein - structure ▪ The monomers of proteins are called
_____________________
▪ Each amino acids is composed of: ➢ __________________ ➢ __________________ ➢ __________________
Protein - structure ▪ There are _________ different R groups
Protein - structure ▪ Amino acids are joined together by through a
dehydration / condensation reaction
▪ They are held together by a _________________
Protein - structure ▪ Proteins have 4 levels of overall structure: ➢ Primary: ____________________ ➢ Secondary: __________________ between
backbone atoms (α-helix or β-sheet)
➢ Tertiary: Interactions between ________________ ➢ Quaternary: Interactions between
________________________________
http://www.slideshare.net/arijabuhaniyeh/biochemistry-ch4-protein-structure-and-function
Proteins - summary ▪ The monomers of proteins are called
_____________
▪ The monomers are joined together by
___________ bonds
▪ There are ________ different R groups ▪ There are four levels of protein structure:
Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary
Polysaccharides - structure ▪ The monomers of polysaccharides are called
________________________ (eg. Glucose)
▪ Monosaccharides are joined together by a
dehydration / condensation reaction to form a ________________________
________________
________________ ________________
Polysaccharides - structure ▪ Examples: starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin ▪ Purpose: _______________________________
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Chitin
Lipids - structure ▪ The monomers of lipids are called
________________________________________
▪ Monomers are joined together by a dehydration
/ condensation reaction to form a ________________________
Glycerol
Fatty acids
Triacylglyceride
+ 3 H2O
Lipids - structure ▪ Lipids are a diverse group of macromolecules
and include: Fats
Phospholipids
Steroids
SUMMARY ▪ Monomers are the building blocks that make up ___________________ ▪ Monomers are joined together by _________________________________ ▪ Polymers are broken down by ___________________________ ▪ There are 4 major biologically important macromolecules:
Macromolecule Nucleic acid Protein Polysaccharides Lipids
Monomer
Bond type
UP NEXT:
Chemistry for Biology
Lecture: MACROMOLECULES ▪ What are macromolecules? ➢ Macro = BIG ➢ Molecule
“ A macromolecule is a very large molecule commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits” - wikipedia
Polymerization = _____________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Lecture: MACROMOLECULES ▪ What are macromolecules? ➢ Macro = BIG ➢ Molecule
“ A macromolecule is a very large molecule commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits” - wikipedia
Life!
Lecture: MACROMOLECULES Outline: Macromolecules PART 1 o Monomers and polymers o How are monomers joined together? o How are polymers broken apart?
Macromolecules PART 2 o 4 types of polymers: ➢ Nucleic acids ➢ Proteins ➢ Polysaccharides ➢ Lipids
▪ A ____________ is a molecule consisting of a few
or many repeating building blocks called _____________
Monomers
Mono = _____
Polymer
Poly = _____
How are monomers joined together? ▪ Monomers are joined together to form polymers
by a _____________________________ reaction
+ _______
How are polymers broken apart? ▪ Polymers are broken down into monomers by a
______________ reaction
_____
MACROMOLECULES PART 1 - Summary ▪ Polymers are made up of building blocks called
________________
▪ Monomers are joined together by
________________________
▪ Polymers are broken down by
________________________
4 types of macromolecules
Nucleic Acid
Protein
Life
Polysaccharides
Lipids
LECTURE: MACROMOLECULES PART 2 KIRSTIN BROWN
Lecture: MACROMOLECULES Outline: Macromolecules PART 1 ✓ Monomers and polymers ✓ How are monomers joined together? ✓ How are polymers broken apart?
Macromolecules PART 2 o 4 types of polymers: ➢ Nucleic acids ➢ Proteins ➢ Polysaccharides ➢ Lipids
Nucleic Acids - structure ▪ The monomers of nucleic acids are called
__________________
▪ Nucleotides have 3 key “ingredients”: ➢ ____________ ➢ ____________ ➢ ____________
Nucleic Acids - structure ▪ Nucleotides come in 5 different “flavours”
depending their nitrogenous base
_____________
______________
Nucleic Acids - structure ▪ Nucleotides come in 5 different “flavours”
depending their nitrogenous base
_____ only
____ only
Nucleic Acids - structure ▪ Nucleotides are joined together by a
dehydration / condensation reaction
▪ A ________________ bond is formed between the
5’ phosphate of one nucleotide and the 3’ hydroxyl of the other.
Nucleic Acids - structure ▪ Nucleotides are joined together by a
dehydration / condensation reaction
▪ A phosphodiester bond is formed between the
5’ phosphate of one nucleotide and the 3’ hydroxyl of the other.
Nucleic Acids - structure ▪ Each strand has a __________________ backbone,
with the nitrogenous base facing inward
▪ Two strands are held together by ______________
____________ between the nitrogenous bases
▪ The strands are ____________________ and
________________
Nucleic Acids - summary ▪ Nucleotides consist of a phosphate, a sugar, and a
base
▪ Nucleotides are joined together by a
_____________ bond
DNA
RNA
Bases
A
A
Sugar
Deoxyribose (no –OH group on 4’ carbon)
CG
CG
Ribose (has –OH group on both 3’ and 4’ carbons)
▪ A always pairs with _________ ➢ _______ hydrogen bonds hold them together ▪ C always pairs with _________ ➢ _______ hydrogen bonds hold them together
▪ DNA strands are complementary and antiparallel,
and form a _____________________
Protein - structure ▪ The monomers of proteins are called
_____________________
▪ Each amino acids is composed of: ➢ __________________ ➢ __________________ ➢ __________________
Protein - structure ▪ There are _________ different R groups
Protein - structure ▪ Amino acids are joined together by through a
dehydration / condensation reaction
▪ They are held together by a _________________
Protein - structure ▪ Proteins have 4 levels of overall structure: ➢ Primary: ____________________ ➢ Secondary: __________________ between
backbone atoms (α-helix or β-sheet)
➢ Tertiary: Interactions between ________________ ➢ Quaternary: Interactions between
________________________________
http://www.slideshare.net/arijabuhaniyeh/biochemistry-ch4-protein-structure-and-function
Proteins - summary ▪ The monomers of proteins are called
_____________
▪ The monomers are joined together by
___________ bonds
▪ There are ________ different R groups ▪ There are four levels of protein structure:
Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary
Polysaccharides - structure ▪ The monomers of polysaccharides are called
________________________ (eg. Glucose)
▪ Monosaccharides are joined together by a
dehydration / condensation reaction to form a ________________________
________________
________________ ________________
Polysaccharides - structure ▪ Examples: starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin ▪ Purpose: _______________________________
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Chitin
Lipids - structure ▪ The monomers of lipids are called
________________________________________
▪ Monomers are joined together by a dehydration
/ condensation reaction to form a ________________________
Glycerol
Fatty acids
Triacylglyceride
+ 3 H2O
Lipids - structure ▪ Lipids are a diverse group of macromolecules
and include: Fats
Phospholipids
Steroids
SUMMARY ▪ Monomers are the building blocks that make up ___________________ ▪ Monomers are joined together by _________________________________ ▪ Polymers are broken down by ___________________________ ▪ There are 4 major biologically important macromolecules:
Macromolecule Nucleic acid Protein Polysaccharides Lipids
Monomer
Bond type
UP NEXT:
Chemistry for Biology
