let's speak!
HEBREW let's speak!
PROLOG Publishing House Ltd.
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The Hebrew language is more than 2,000 years old, but has not stopped acquiring new and fresh words. If you thought that Hebrew is difficult and that you would never manage to speak it – think again! And if you have always dreamt of speaking some Hebrew, saying the right word or phrase at the right time – you are right; this is just the kit for you! Its goal is to teach you Modern Hebrew, just like we Israelis speak everyday. The kit contains 10 study units, each containing a simple conversation on a particular topic, including carefully chosen, useful and frequently used vocabulary. By using these easy and authentic conversations – comprised of phrases or short sentences – the Hebrew will be easy to understand, remember and review. Through them we’ll also learn the basics: how to count, how to describe things, how to explain what we want, how to respond to what’s said to us… etc etc… Of course, we have included commonly-used slang expressions to help you be accepted as “one of us” (marked throughout the book with an *, and followed by a short explanation). Here and there, when needed, you will find grammatical explanations – quick
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“tips” – to allow you to understand better, even to some extent, the principles of Hebrew grammar and syntax. With their help you will be able to construct correct sentences by yourself, to differentiate between the masculine and feminine forms, to use prepositions correctly etc. At the end of each unit we have listed 20 words and phrases worth remembering. Since this kit is aimed also at people with no previous knowledge of Hebrew, each Hebrew sentence is translated into English and provided with a simple transliteration to help you effortlessly pronounce the Hebrew. If you want to read the Hebrew anyway, that appears with vowels throughout the kit, you can read the short guide to the language at the beginning of the book, on the pronunciation of the Hebrew alphabet and vowels. How do you learn? It’s simple! First, read through the conversation in the book and understand the content. Afterwards watch the DVD and start practicing with Danny and Dana! They read each sentence twice – once to let you hear the correct pronunciation and a second time for you to read it together with them, with the help of the subtitles on the screen. We recommend that you read aloud; no cheating!
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?מי אני? מי אתה Who am I? Who are you?
?מישהו כאן רעב Is anyone hungry around here?
?לאן אתה צריך Where do you need to go to?
אחלה של שיחה בסלנג An awesome conversation in slang
הקונה המדומה The Imaginary Customer
]1[ ]2[ ]3[ ]4[ ]5[
16 34 52 68 84 6
לטיול יצאנו Going on a trip
?איך היה במלון How was it in the hotel?
?מה עושים היום What will we do today?
! מפסיד- מי ששוכח Someone who forgets – loses out!
!העיקר הבריאות As long as you’re healthy!
]6[ ]7[ ]8[ ]9[ ]10[
98 116 134 150 170 7
:קּורס זֶ ה ִ ּב ְפ ָרט ְ וְ ַעל ָה ִע ְב ִרית ְ ּב,ש ָפה ָה ִע ְב ִרית ִ ּבכְ לָ ל ׂ ָ ּ ַעל ַה
About the Hebrew language in general, and about the Hebrew in this course in particular:
? ַמה ׁ ּשוֹ נֶ ה? ַמה ְּמיו ָּחד:ְ ּברוּכִ ים ַה ָ ּב ִאים לָ ִע ְב ִרית .שמֹאל ׂ ְ ִ ָה ִע ְב ִרית נִ כְ ֶּת ֶבת ִמ ָ ּי ִמין ל. אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת22 ש ָפה ָה ִע ְב ִרית ׂ ָ ּ ַ ּב.) ֵאין ְ ּב ִע ְב ִרית אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ְ ּגדוֹ לוֹ ת (אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ַר ָ ּב ִתי.) ְ ּב ִע ְב ִרית יֵ ׁש אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת דְּ פוּס וְ אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ְּכ ָתב ְ(ר ֵאה ַט ְבלָ ה ַה" ִ ּנ ּיקוּד" הוּא ִס ָימנֵ י.י ְמ ׁ ַש ְּמ ׁשוֹ ת ֵהן ְּתנוּעוֹ ת וְ ֵהן ִעי ּצו ִּרים,ו,ה, ָּכל ָהאוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ְמ ׁ ַש ְּמ ׁשוֹ ת ִעי ּצו ִּרים; ָהאוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת א.)ַה ְּתנוּעוֹ ת ַה ִ ּנכְ ָּת ִבים ִמ ַּת ַחת לָ אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת אוֹ ֵמ ֲעלֵ ֶיהן ְ(ר ֵאה ַט ְבלָ ה . יֵ ׁש ׁ ִש ּימו ּׁש ְ ּב ִמין זָ כָ ר ו ְּב ִמין נְ ֵק ָבה. יֵ ׁש ַה ְת ָא ָמה ַ ּב ִּמין ו ַּב ִּמ ְס ּ ָפר. לָ רוֹ ב ׁ ֵשם ָה ֶעצֶ ם קוֹ ֵדם לְ ׁ ֵשם ַה ּתוֹ ַאר: ִמ ְבנֵ ה ַה ִּמ ׁ ְש ּ ָפטWelcome to Hebrew! What's different about Hebrew, and what makes it special? - Hebrew is written from right to left. - There are 22 letters in the Hebrew alphabet. - Hebrew does not have capital letters. - Hebrew has print letters and cursive script (see table). - All the letters are used as consonants. The letters alef, hei, vav and yod sometimes are used as consonants and sometimes as vowels. The nikud (vowel pointing) is a system of vowel indicators written either beneath or beside the letters (see table). - All words are either masculine or feminine. - Hebrew words must conform to numerical and gender agreement. - In Hebrew sentence structure, the noun usually precedes the adjective.
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א"ב ָה ִע ְב ִרי-אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ָה The Hebrew alphabet Sound /
Example
Transliteration
apple
/a/
boy
Hebrew name
Letter name
Script
Print
ָאלֶ ףAlef
א
א
/b/
ֵ ּביתBet
ּב
ּב
vase
/v/
ֵביתVet
ב
ב
girl
/g/
ִ ּג ֶימלGimel
ג
ג
doll
/d/
דָּ לֶ תDalet
ד
ד
hello
/h/
ֵהאHey
ה
ה
van
/v/
וָ וVav
ו
ו
zero
/z/
זַ יִ ןZayin
ז
ז
/x/, /ch/
ֵחיתxet
ח
ח
tree
/t/
ֵטיתTet
ט
ט
young
/y/, /i/
) יוֹ ד (יוּדYod
י
י
kite
/k/
ָּכףKaf
ּכ
ּכ
(See transliteration remarks)
/x/, /ch/
כָ ףxaf
כ
כ
(See transliteration remarks)
/x/, /ch/
ך
ך
(See transliteration remarks)
כָ ף סוֹ ִפית
xaf sofit
(only at the end of the word)
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lamp
/l/
לָ ֶמדLamed
ל
ל
monkey
/m/
ֵמםMem
מ
מ
ram
/m/
ם
ם
note
/n/
נ
נ
run
/n/
ן
ן
sun
/s/
ָס ֶמ ְךSamex
ס
ס
are
/ah/
ַעיִ ןAyin
ע
ע
pen
/p/
ּ ֵפאPey
ּפ
ּפ
fan
/f/
ֵפאFey
פ
פ
loaf
/f/
ף
ף
צ
צ
ץ
ץ
(See transliteration remarks)
/ts/
(See transliteration remarks)
/ts/
ֵמם סוֹ ִפית
Mem sofit
(only at the end of the word)
נוּןNun נוּן סוֹ ִפית
ֵפא סוֹ ִפית
Nun sofit
(only at the end of the word)
Fey sofit
(only at the end of the word)
צָ ִדיTsadi צָ ִדי סוֹ ִפית
Tsadi sofit
(only at the end of the word)
kitten
/k/
קוּף, קוֹ ףKof, Kuf
ק
ק
rock
/r/
ֵר ׁישResh
ר
ר
10
sheep
/sh/
ׁ ִשיןShin
ש
ׁש
sun
/s/
שין ׂ ִ Sin
ש
ש ׂ
table
/t/
ָּתוTav
ת
ת
:שים לֵ ב ִׂ .ׂש- ס,ת- ט,ק- ּ כ,כ- ח,ו- ב,ע- א: ַּכ ָּמה זוּגוֹ ת ׁ ֶשל אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ְמבו ָּּטאוֹ ת ְ ּבאוֹ ֶפן דּ וֹ ֶמה.פ- ּפ,כ- ּ כ,ב- ּ ב: מו ְּד ָ ּג ׁשוֹ ת וְ ָרפוֹ ת- אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ֲהגִ ָ ּייה ְּכפוּלָ ה3- ְ ל.ץ-ף; צ-ן; פ-ם; נ-ך; מ- כ:ילה ָ ּ אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת יֵ ׁש ְּכ ִתיב ׁשוֹ נֶ ה ְּכ ׁ ֶש ֵהן מוֹ ִפיעוֹ ת ְ ּבסוֹ ף ַה ִּמ5- ְ ל-
Note: - Several pairs of letters have similar pronunciations: alef - ayin (/a/, /ah/); vet - vav (/v/); xet - xaf (/x/, /ch/); kaf - kof (/k/); tet – tav (/t/); samex / sin (/s/). - Three letters have two forms of pronunciation, stressed and unstressed: bet - vet; kaf - xaf; pey - fey. - Five letters are written differently when they appear at the end of the word: xaf - xaf sofit, mem mem sofit; nun - nun sofit; pey - pey sofit; tsadi – tsadi sofit.
:שפוֹ ת לוֹ ֲעזִ ּיוֹ ת ׂ ָ ּ צְ לִ ילִ ים ׁ ֶשנּוֹ ְספ ּו לָ ִע ְב ִרית ִמ ָ ּ ְּכמוֹ ַ ּב ִּמ,/j/ -ָהאוֹ ת ג' ְמבו ֵּּטאת ְּכ .jeans ילה ּ ָ ְּכמוֹ ַ ּב ִּמ,/g/ -ָהאוֹ ת ז' ְמבו ֵּּטאת ְּכ .Geneve ילה ָ ּ ְּכמוֹ ַ ּב ִּמ,/ch/ -ָהאוֹ ת צ' ְמבו ֵּּטאת ְּכ .chips ילה ָ ּ ְּכמוֹ ַ ּב ִּמ,/w/ (ש ֵּתי וָ וִ ים) ְמ ַב ְּטאוֹ ת ֶאת ַה ֶהגֶ ה ְ ׁ "ָהאוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת "וָ ו .wheel ילה
A number of sounds from other languages have been incorporated into Hebrew: - the letter ' גis pronounced like /j/ in "jeans". - the letter ' זis pronounced like /g/ in "Geneva". - the letter ' צis pronounced like /ch/ in "chips". - two "vavim", – ווpronounced like /w/ in "wheel".
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ְּכ ֵדי לְ ָה ֵקל ַעל ַהלּ וֹ ֵמד ִ ּב ׁ ְשלַ ֵ ּבי ַה ּ ִל ּימוּד, ִעם זֹאת. ְ ּב ִע ְב ִרית מוֹ ֶד ְרנִ ית ִּכ ְמ ַעט ׁ ֶש ֵאין ִמ ׁ ְש ַּת ְּמ ׁ ִשים ְ ּב ִס ָימנֵ י ַה ִ ּנ ּיקוּד:נִ ּיקוּד . ֹ ַה ֵּס ֶפר ַה ֶּזה ְמנו ָ ּּקד לְ כָ ל אוֹ ְרכּ ו,אשוֹ נִ ִ ּיים ׁ ֶשל ָה ִע ְב ִרית ׁ ָה ִר (כ ִתיב ְּ (כ ִתיב ָח ֵסר) וּכְ ׁ ֶש ֵהן לְ ל ֹא נִ ּיקוּד ְּ ילים ְּכ ׁ ֶש ֵהן ְמנו ָ ּּקדוֹ ת ִ ּ ְּכ ַדאי לִ זְ כּ וֹ ר ׁ ֶש ּ ְל ִע ִּתים יֶ ׁ ְשנָ ם ׁ ִשי ּנוּיִ ים ַק ּ ִלים ִ ּבכְ ִתיב ַה ִּמ .י- ְ לָ רוֹ ב ַה ׁ ּ ִשי ּנוּי ִמ ְת ַ ּב ֵּטא ְ ּבהוֹ ָס ַפת ָהאוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ו ו.)ָמלֵ א ְ . ַאך יוֹ ִסיפ ּו לִ ְהיוֹ ת ְמנו ָ ּּקדוֹ ת,ילים יוֹ ִפיע ּו ִ ּבכְ ִתיב ָמלֵ א ְ ּבתוֹ ֶס ֶפת ָהאוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת וָ ו וְ יוֹ ד ִ ּ ְ ּב ֵס ֶפר זֶ ה ַה ִּמ ) דֻּ גְ ָמאוֹ ת- דּ וּגְ ָמאוֹ ת (דוגמאות,) ִמ ּ ִלים-ילים (מילים ִ ּ ִמ:לְ דוּגְ ָמה
Vowelization: Vowelization is rarely used in Modern Hebrew. Nevertheless, in order to simplify things for you as a beginner, we’ve added vowels throughout the book. Note that there are sometimes slight differences between how words are spelled when vocalized (ke'tiv xaser) and not vocalized (ke'tiv malei). In most cases the difference is the addition of the letter vav or the letter yod. This book uses ke'tiv malei (with the vav and yod) even though the words are vocalized. For example:
) דֻּ גְ ָמאוֹ ת- דּ וּגְ ָמאוֹ ת (דוגמאות,) ִמ ּ ִלים-ילים (מילים ִ ּ ִמ
the word for "words" (milim) is spelled with a yod, and the word for "examples" (dugma'ot) is spelled with a vav. NOTE: Hebrew uses different verb forms in the 2nd and 3rd person, depending on whether the person/ people talked about/to are male or female. The same is true for possessive forms, adjectives and certain nouns. Throughout the book, the symbols [m] (masculine) and [f] (feminine) have been used to denote this. In Hebrew, unlike English, the stress lies on the last syllable in most words. You will be able to hear this when listening to the conversations, and we have also indicated on which syllable the stress lies throughout the book. The symbol â-ê-î-ô-û is used above the vowel of such a syllable. Words of one syllable do not carry such an indication. Hebrew vowels and their pronunciation.
: וּצְ לִ ילָ ם,ִס ָימנֵ י ַה ִ ּנ ּיקוּד ָ ּב ִע ְב ִרית
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The sign
ַ
Name
English vowel
patax
ָ
kamatz
ֲ
/a/
xataf-patax
ֶ
segol
)( ֶ י
ֵ
tseré
)( ֵ י
ֱ
/e/
xataf-segol
ִ
)( ִ י ) ֹ(ו
ֳ
ֻ ּו ְ
ׁ
xirik xolam xataf-kamatz kubutz shuruk sh’va
/i/ /o/
/u/ /e/
(sometimes with no vowel)
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ַּת ְע ִּתיק ,ילים ְ ּב ִע ְב ִרית ִ ּ אשוֹ ן ֶאת ַה ִּמ ׁ ַּת ְע ִּתיק ָהאוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת הוּא ְּכלִ י ֵעזֶ ר ְמצ ּו ָ ּין ַה ְמ ַא ְפ ׁ ֵשר לַ לּ וֹ ֵמד לְ ַב ֵּטא וְ "לִ ְקרוֹ א" ְּכ ָבר ֵמ ַה ׁ ּ ִשיעוּר ָה ִר .א"ב ָה ִע ְב ִרי-ַעד ׁ ֶש ִ ּי ׁ ְשלוֹ ט ְ ּבאוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ָה .ַה ַּת ְע ִּתיק נִ כְ ָּתב ַ ּב ּצו ָּרה ַה ּ ְפ ׁשו ָּטה וְ ַה ַ ּק ּ ָלה ְ ּביוֹ ֵתר לַ ֲהגִ ָ ּייה
Transliteration The transliteration in this book is an excellent tool for learning to pronounce and to "read" Hebrew letters from the very first lesson, until you develop a command of the Hebrew alphabet. The transliteration in this book, designed to facilitate easy pronunciation, is an excellent tool for learning to pronounce and "read" Hebrew letters from the very first lesson, until you develop a command of the Hebrew alphabet.
Transliteration basics used in this course: x = the letters xet and xaf. The sound is pronounced like the /ch/ in the English word loch. ts = the letter tsadi sh = the letter shin i = the sound of the vowel xirik a = the sound of the vowels kamats and patax (and xataf kamats and xataf patax) e = the sound of the vowel segol (and xataf segol) ei = the sound of the vowel tseire o = the sound of the vowel xolam u = the sound of the vowels shuruk and kubuts An apostrophe (') is used to indicate two adjacent vowel sounds, for example, lehitra'ot, or to indicate the vowel sh'va, very short semi-vowel, sometimes with the letter "e", as in B’vadâi. Enjoy the course!
!לִ ּימוּד ְמ ַה ֶ ּנה
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1
]1[ Unit 1 Who am I? Who are you? Danny meets Dana and they start to chat. Their conversation will help us learn to introduce ourselves in Hebrew, ask questions, and count from 1 to 10. At the end of the conversation Dana makes Danny a surprising offer …
?מי אני? מי אתה לשאול, מהשיחה נלמד איך להציג את עצמנו בעברית. ומתפתחת ביניהם שיחת היכרות,דני פוגש בדנה ... ובסוף השיחה דני מקבל מדנה גם הצעה מפתיעה,10 עד1- לספור מ,שאלות
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HEBREW - let's speak!
Shalôm! Hello!
!♀ ׁ ָשלוֹ ם
Shalôm rav!
!♂ ׁ ָשלוֹ ם ַרב
Ma shimxâ? [m]
?♀ ַמה ׁ ּ ִש ְמ ָך
Shmi… Dâni.
. ָ ּדנִ י...♂ ׁ ְש ִמי
Na’îm me’ôd.
.♀ נָ ִעים ְמאוֹ ד
Ma shmex? [f]
?♂ ַמה ׁ ּ ְש ֵמ ְך
Hello!
What’s your name?
My name’s Danny.
Pleased to meet you.
What’s your name?
]1[
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HEBREW - let's speak!
Shmi… Dâna.
. ָ ּדנָ ה...♀ ׁ ְש ִמי
Ze shem yafê!
!♂ זֶ ה ׁ ֵשם יָ ֶפה
My name’s Dana.
What a nice name!
Todâ!
Thanks!
Dâna, ma shlomêx? [f] How are you, Dana?
Shlomî tov. U’mâ shlomxâ? [m]
I’m fine. How are you?
Metzuyân! Great!
]1[
!♀ ּתוֹ ָדה ? ַמה ׁ ּ ְשלוֹ ֵמ ְך,♂ ָ ּדנָ ה .♀ ׁ ְשלוֹ ִמי טוֹ ב ?ו ַּמה ׁ ּ ְשלוֹ ְמ ָך !♂ ְמצ ּו ָ ּין
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HEBREW - let's speak!
Tov lishmô’a!
That’s great to hear!
!♀ טוֹ ב לִ ׁ ְשמוֹ ַע
Dâna, me’êifo at? [f]
? ֵמ ֵאיפֹה ַא ְּת,♂ ָ ּדנָ ה
Anî mi’yerushalâyim.
.♀ ֲאנִ י ִמירו ׁ ָּשלַ יִ ם
Ze makôm yafê!
!♂ זֶ ה ָמקוֹ ם יָ ֶפה
Me’êifo atâ? [m]
?♀ ֵמ ֵאיפֹה ַא ָּתה
Dana, where do you live?
I’m from Jerusalem.
That’s a nice place!
Where do you live?
Anî gar bi’nêw york. I live in New York.
.♂ ֲאנִ י ָ ּגר ִ ּבנְ י ּו יוֹ ְרק
]1[
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HEBREW - let's speak!
Ah… atâ tayâr? [m]
? ַא ָּתה ַּת ָ ּייר...♀ ָאה
Lo! Anî studênt. [m]
.♂ ל ֹא! ֲאנִ י ְסטו ֶּדנְ ט
Ah… are you a tourist?
No! I’m a student.
Eîfo nolâd’ta? [m]
?♀ ֵאיפֹה נוֹ לַ ְד ָּת
Nolâd’ti b’yisra’êl.
!ש ָר ֵאל ׂ ְ ִ♂ נוֹ לַ ְד ִּתי ְ ּבי
Me’anyêin me’ôd.
!♀ ְמ ַענְ יֵ ין ְמאוֹ ד
Where were you born?
I was born in Israel.
Very interesting.
]1[
21
HEBREW - let's speak!
At medabêret anglît? [f] Do you speak English?
After a feminine pronoun, the verb is also feminine.
K’tzât… v’atâ? [m]
A bit… what about you?
Anî m’dabêr anglît, v’ivrît! [m] I speak English and Hebrew.
?♂ ַא ְּת ְמ ַד ֶ ּב ֶרת ַאנְ ְ ּגלִ ית
]1[
אחרי כינוי גוף בנקבה יופיע .הפועל בנקבה
? וְ ַא ָּתה...♀ ְקצָ ת ,♂ ֲאנִ י ְמ ַד ֵ ּבר ַאנְ ְ ּגלִ ית !וְ ִע ְב ִרית .אחרי כינוי גוף בזכר יופיע הפועל בזכר
After a masculine pronoun, the verb is also masculine.
Gam anî m’dabêret ivrît… [f] I also speak Hebrew…
♀ ַ ּגם ֲאנִ י ְמ ַד ֶ ּב ֶרת ...ִע ְב ִרית
22
HEBREW - let's speak!
Anî mevîn gam sefaradît. [m]
♂ ֲאנִ י ֵמ ִבין ַ ּגם .ְס ָפ ַר ִ ּדית
Avâl lo yodêi’a l’dabêr… [m]
...♀ ֲא ָבל ל ֹא יוֹ ֵד ַע לְ ַד ֵ ּבר
I understand Spanish as well.
But you can’t speak it…
Naxôn me’ôd! Exactly!
Dâni, êifo atâ gar? [m]
Danny, where do you live?
Axshâv, anî gar bemalôn. [m] At the moment I’m living at the hotel.
B’emêt?! B’êize malôn? Really?! Which hotel?
]1[
!♂ נָ כוֹ ן ְמאוֹ ד ? ֵאיפֹה ַא ָּתה ָ ּגר,♀ ָ ּדנִ י . ֲאנִ י ָ ּגר ְ ּב ָמלוֹ ן,♂ ַעכְ ׁ ָשיו !?♀ ֶ ּב ֱא ֶמת ?ְ ּב ֵאיזֶ ה ָמלוֹ ן
23
HEBREW - let's speak!
M’lôn ro’yâl.
The Royal Hotel.
Ah… ze malôn tov!
Ah… that’s a good hotel!
.♂ ְמלוֹ ן רוֹ יַ אל ! זֶ ה ָמלוֹ ן טוֹ ב...♀ ָאהה
B’merkâz ha’îr!
!♂ ְ ּב ֶמ ְר ַּכז ָה ִעיר
Anî yoda’ât… [f]
...♀ ֲאנִ י יוֹ ַד ַעת
Bânu l’vikûr.
.♂ ָ ּבאנ ּו לְ ִב ּיקוּר
In the center of town.
I know…
We came for a visit.
Mi ba? [m] Who came?
]1[
?♀ ִמי ָ ּבא
24
HEBREW - let's speak!
Kol hamishpaxâ. The whole family.
The definite article in Hebrew is indicated by the letter " ( "הthe) used as a prefix to the noun.
ִמ ׁ ְש ּ ָפ ָחה ִ ּב ּיקוּר .♂ ָּכל ַה ִּמ ׁ ְש ּ ָפ ָחה היידוע בעברית ידי-נעשה על " המוּספת-התחילית "ה .)"לשם העצם ("ה' הידיעה
L’xâma z’mân?
?♀ לְ כַ ָּמה זְ ַמן
L’shavû’a exâd.
.♂ לְ ׁ ָשבו ַּע ֶא ָחד
Ulâi tik’p’tzû l’vikûr?
* ♀ אוּלַ י ִּת ְק ּ ְפצ ּו ?לְ ִב ּיקוּר
For how long?
For a week.
Maybe you’ll drop by for a visit?
* להגיע לביקור קצר to come for a brief visit
]1[
25
HEBREW - let's speak!
B’ratzôn! Sure!
Mi od yavô?
Who else is coming?
Ishtî…
My wife…
Kamuvân. V’ha’y’ladîm?
Of course. And your children?
Ken. V’hahorîm hanexmadîm shelâ…
Yes. And her lovely parents… Usually, the suffix “~im” is used for the plural form of masculine adjectives, and the suffix “~ot” for feminine plural adjectives.
נֶ ְח ָמד !♂ ְ ּב ָרצוֹ ן
]1[
?♀ ִמי עוֹ ד יָ בוֹ א ...♂ ִא ׁ ְש ִּתי ? וְ ַהיְ לָ ִדים.♀ ַּכ ּמו ָּבן וְ ַההוֹ ִרים.♂ ֵּכן ...ַה ֶ ּנ ְח ָמ ִדים ׁ ֶש ּ ָל ּה הסיומת ִ~ים אופיינית לצורת,לרוב ,הרבים של שמות תואר ממין זכר ואילו הסיומת ~וֹת אופיינית לצורת הרבים .של שמות תואר ממין נקבה
26
HEBREW - let's speak!
Takîru et ba’alî.
.♀ ַּת ִּכיר ּו ֶאת ַ ּב ְעלִ י
Et habên shelî.
.♀ ֶאת ַה ֵ ּבן ׁ ֶש ּ ִלי
Et habât shelî.
.♀ ֶאת ַה ַ ּבת ׁ ֶש ּ ִלי
You’ll meet my husband.
My son.
My daughter.
V’êt hakêlev shelânu. And our dog.
Metzuyân. Matâi navô?
Great. When should we come?
Matâi nô’ax laxêm? [pl] When’s good for you?
(The word nô’ax literally means pleasant or comfortable.)
]1[
.ּ♀ וְ ֶאת ַה ֶּכלֶ ב ׁ ֶש ּ ָלנו ? ָמ ַתי נָ בוֹ א.♂ ְמצ ּו ָ ּין ?♀ ָמ ַתי נוֹ ַח לָ כֶ ם
27
HEBREW - let's speak!
B’sha’â tâisha? At nine o’clock?
Ze m’uxâr… That’s late…
?9 ♂ ְ ּב ׁ ָש ָעה ...♀ זֶ ה ְמאו ָּחר
U’lâi b’sha’â shêish?
?6 ♂ אוּלַ י ְ ּב ׁ ָש ָעה
Ze k’tzât mukdâm…
...♀ זֶ ה ְקצָ ת מו ְּק ָ ּדם
Maybe six o’clock?
That’s a bit early…
Matâi shetagîdi! [f] Whenever you say!
The particle “she-”(that) is always a prefix.
]1[
!♂ ָמ ַתי ׁ ֶש ַּת ִ ּג ִידי "-"ש ֶ המילית מצטרפת תמיד .לתחילת המילה
28
HEBREW - let's speak!
צָ ֳה ַריִ ים
Ma hasha’â axshâv?
?♀ ָמה ַה ׁ ּ ָש ָעה ַעכְ ׁ ָשיו
Axshâv … shtâyim batzohorâ’yim.
. ַ ּב ָ ּצ ֳה ַריִ ים2 ...♂ ַעכְ ׁ ָשיו
Axât, shtâyim, shalôsh, arbâ, xamêsh…
, ׁ ָשלו ֹׁש, ׁ ְש ַּתיִ ים,♀ ַא ַחת ... ָח ֵמ ׁש,ַא ְר ַ ּבע
What’s the time now?
Now… it’s 2 p.m.
One, two, three, four, five… Hebrew also has different forms for masculine and feminine numbers. Counting is always done using the feminine form, as Dana does here.
B’sha’â shêva!
At seven o’clock.
B’diyûk!
Precisely!
]1[
גם למספרים בעברית יש תבנית נפרדת לזכר , ספירה סתמית עושים תמיד בנקבה.ולנקבה .כמו שדנה סופרת
!7 ♂ ְ ּב ׁ ָש ָעה !♀ ְ ּב ִד ּיוּק
29
HEBREW - let's speak!
Neh’dâr.
Wonderful.
.♂ נֶ ְה ָ ּדר
Az l’hitra’ôt b’shêva.
.7-♀ ָאז לְ ִה ְת ָראוֹ ת ְ ּב
Rêga, ma hak’tôvet?
? ָמה ַה ְּכתוֹ ֶבת,♂ ֶרגַ ע
So, see you at seven.
One minute, what’s your address?
Rexôv Hêrzl êser.
.10 ♀ ְרחוֹ ב ֶה ְרצְ ל
Ah, anî makîr! [m]
! ֲאנִ י ַמ ִּכיר,♂ ָאה
Ten Herzl Street.
Ah, I know where that is.
… v’lô l’axêr l’aruxât êrev!
… and don’t be late for dinner!
וְ ל ֹא לְ ַא ֵחר...♀ !לַ ֲארו ַּחת ֶע ֶרב
]1[
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◄ ֶא ָחד
Ken
◄ ֵּכן
Shnâyim
◄ ׁ ְשנַ יִ ים
Lo
◄ ל ֹא
Shalôsh
◄ ׁ ָשלוֹ ׁש
Anî
◄ ֲאנִ י
Arbâ
◄ ַא ְר ַ ּבע
Atâ [m. sing.]
Exâd One
Two
Three
Four
Tayâr [m. sing]
◄ ַּת ָ ּייר
Tayêret [f. sing]
◄ ַּת ֶ ּי ֶירת
Tourist
Tourist
Yes
No
I
You
At [f. sing.] You
Sh’mi
My name is…
◄ ַא ָּתה ◄ ַא ְּת ◄ ׁ ְש ִמי
32
Shalôm
Hello, hi, goodbye
Le’hitra’ôt! See you!
◄ ׁ ָשלוֹ ם !◄ לְ ִה ְת ָראוֹ ת
Tayarîm [pl.] Tourists
◄ ַּת ָ ּי ִירים
Le’dabêr
◄ לְ ַד ֵ ּבר
Le’havîn
◄ לְ ָה ִבין
To speak
To understand
Lagûr
◄ לָ גוּר
Yôfi
◄ יוֹ ִפי
To live (in a certain place)
Great!
Metzuyân!
Great! Excellent!
◄ ְמצ ּו ָ ּין
33
PROLOG Publishing House Ltd.
3
The Hebrew language is more than 2,000 years old, but has not stopped acquiring new and fresh words. If you thought that Hebrew is difficult and that you would never manage to speak it – think again! And if you have always dreamt of speaking some Hebrew, saying the right word or phrase at the right time – you are right; this is just the kit for you! Its goal is to teach you Modern Hebrew, just like we Israelis speak everyday. The kit contains 10 study units, each containing a simple conversation on a particular topic, including carefully chosen, useful and frequently used vocabulary. By using these easy and authentic conversations – comprised of phrases or short sentences – the Hebrew will be easy to understand, remember and review. Through them we’ll also learn the basics: how to count, how to describe things, how to explain what we want, how to respond to what’s said to us… etc etc… Of course, we have included commonly-used slang expressions to help you be accepted as “one of us” (marked throughout the book with an *, and followed by a short explanation). Here and there, when needed, you will find grammatical explanations – quick
4
“tips” – to allow you to understand better, even to some extent, the principles of Hebrew grammar and syntax. With their help you will be able to construct correct sentences by yourself, to differentiate between the masculine and feminine forms, to use prepositions correctly etc. At the end of each unit we have listed 20 words and phrases worth remembering. Since this kit is aimed also at people with no previous knowledge of Hebrew, each Hebrew sentence is translated into English and provided with a simple transliteration to help you effortlessly pronounce the Hebrew. If you want to read the Hebrew anyway, that appears with vowels throughout the kit, you can read the short guide to the language at the beginning of the book, on the pronunciation of the Hebrew alphabet and vowels. How do you learn? It’s simple! First, read through the conversation in the book and understand the content. Afterwards watch the DVD and start practicing with Danny and Dana! They read each sentence twice – once to let you hear the correct pronunciation and a second time for you to read it together with them, with the help of the subtitles on the screen. We recommend that you read aloud; no cheating!
5
?מי אני? מי אתה Who am I? Who are you?
?מישהו כאן רעב Is anyone hungry around here?
?לאן אתה צריך Where do you need to go to?
אחלה של שיחה בסלנג An awesome conversation in slang
הקונה המדומה The Imaginary Customer
]1[ ]2[ ]3[ ]4[ ]5[
16 34 52 68 84 6
לטיול יצאנו Going on a trip
?איך היה במלון How was it in the hotel?
?מה עושים היום What will we do today?
! מפסיד- מי ששוכח Someone who forgets – loses out!
!העיקר הבריאות As long as you’re healthy!
]6[ ]7[ ]8[ ]9[ ]10[
98 116 134 150 170 7
:קּורס זֶ ה ִ ּב ְפ ָרט ְ וְ ַעל ָה ִע ְב ִרית ְ ּב,ש ָפה ָה ִע ְב ִרית ִ ּבכְ לָ ל ׂ ָ ּ ַעל ַה
About the Hebrew language in general, and about the Hebrew in this course in particular:
? ַמה ׁ ּשוֹ נֶ ה? ַמה ְּמיו ָּחד:ְ ּברוּכִ ים ַה ָ ּב ִאים לָ ִע ְב ִרית .שמֹאל ׂ ְ ִ ָה ִע ְב ִרית נִ כְ ֶּת ֶבת ִמ ָ ּי ִמין ל. אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת22 ש ָפה ָה ִע ְב ִרית ׂ ָ ּ ַ ּב.) ֵאין ְ ּב ִע ְב ִרית אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ְ ּגדוֹ לוֹ ת (אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ַר ָ ּב ִתי.) ְ ּב ִע ְב ִרית יֵ ׁש אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת דְּ פוּס וְ אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ְּכ ָתב ְ(ר ֵאה ַט ְבלָ ה ַה" ִ ּנ ּיקוּד" הוּא ִס ָימנֵ י.י ְמ ׁ ַש ְּמ ׁשוֹ ת ֵהן ְּתנוּעוֹ ת וְ ֵהן ִעי ּצו ִּרים,ו,ה, ָּכל ָהאוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ְמ ׁ ַש ְּמ ׁשוֹ ת ִעי ּצו ִּרים; ָהאוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת א.)ַה ְּתנוּעוֹ ת ַה ִ ּנכְ ָּת ִבים ִמ ַּת ַחת לָ אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת אוֹ ֵמ ֲעלֵ ֶיהן ְ(ר ֵאה ַט ְבלָ ה . יֵ ׁש ׁ ִש ּימו ּׁש ְ ּב ִמין זָ כָ ר ו ְּב ִמין נְ ֵק ָבה. יֵ ׁש ַה ְת ָא ָמה ַ ּב ִּמין ו ַּב ִּמ ְס ּ ָפר. לָ רוֹ ב ׁ ֵשם ָה ֶעצֶ ם קוֹ ֵדם לְ ׁ ֵשם ַה ּתוֹ ַאר: ִמ ְבנֵ ה ַה ִּמ ׁ ְש ּ ָפטWelcome to Hebrew! What's different about Hebrew, and what makes it special? - Hebrew is written from right to left. - There are 22 letters in the Hebrew alphabet. - Hebrew does not have capital letters. - Hebrew has print letters and cursive script (see table). - All the letters are used as consonants. The letters alef, hei, vav and yod sometimes are used as consonants and sometimes as vowels. The nikud (vowel pointing) is a system of vowel indicators written either beneath or beside the letters (see table). - All words are either masculine or feminine. - Hebrew words must conform to numerical and gender agreement. - In Hebrew sentence structure, the noun usually precedes the adjective.
8
א"ב ָה ִע ְב ִרי-אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ָה The Hebrew alphabet Sound /
Example
Transliteration
apple
/a/
boy
Hebrew name
Letter name
Script
ָאלֶ ףAlef
א
א
/b/
ֵ ּביתBet
ּב
ּב
vase
/v/
ֵביתVet
ב
ב
girl
/g/
ִ ּג ֶימלGimel
ג
ג
doll
/d/
דָּ לֶ תDalet
ד
ד
hello
/h/
ֵהאHey
ה
ה
van
/v/
וָ וVav
ו
ו
zero
/z/
זַ יִ ןZayin
ז
ז
/x/, /ch/
ֵחיתxet
ח
ח
tree
/t/
ֵטיתTet
ט
ט
young
/y/, /i/
) יוֹ ד (יוּדYod
י
י
kite
/k/
ָּכףKaf
ּכ
ּכ
(See transliteration remarks)
/x/, /ch/
כָ ףxaf
כ
כ
(See transliteration remarks)
/x/, /ch/
ך
ך
(See transliteration remarks)
כָ ף סוֹ ִפית
xaf sofit
(only at the end of the word)
9
lamp
/l/
לָ ֶמדLamed
ל
ל
monkey
/m/
ֵמםMem
מ
מ
ram
/m/
ם
ם
note
/n/
נ
נ
run
/n/
ן
ן
sun
/s/
ָס ֶמ ְךSamex
ס
ס
are
/ah/
ַעיִ ןAyin
ע
ע
pen
/p/
ּ ֵפאPey
ּפ
ּפ
fan
/f/
ֵפאFey
פ
פ
loaf
/f/
ף
ף
צ
צ
ץ
ץ
(See transliteration remarks)
/ts/
(See transliteration remarks)
/ts/
ֵמם סוֹ ִפית
Mem sofit
(only at the end of the word)
נוּןNun נוּן סוֹ ִפית
ֵפא סוֹ ִפית
Nun sofit
(only at the end of the word)
Fey sofit
(only at the end of the word)
צָ ִדיTsadi צָ ִדי סוֹ ִפית
Tsadi sofit
(only at the end of the word)
kitten
/k/
קוּף, קוֹ ףKof, Kuf
ק
ק
rock
/r/
ֵר ׁישResh
ר
ר
10
sheep
/sh/
ׁ ִשיןShin
ש
ׁש
sun
/s/
שין ׂ ִ Sin
ש
ש ׂ
table
/t/
ָּתוTav
ת
ת
:שים לֵ ב ִׂ .ׂש- ס,ת- ט,ק- ּ כ,כ- ח,ו- ב,ע- א: ַּכ ָּמה זוּגוֹ ת ׁ ֶשל אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ְמבו ָּּטאוֹ ת ְ ּבאוֹ ֶפן דּ וֹ ֶמה.פ- ּפ,כ- ּ כ,ב- ּ ב: מו ְּד ָ ּג ׁשוֹ ת וְ ָרפוֹ ת- אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ֲהגִ ָ ּייה ְּכפוּלָ ה3- ְ ל.ץ-ף; צ-ן; פ-ם; נ-ך; מ- כ:ילה ָ ּ אוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת יֵ ׁש ְּכ ִתיב ׁשוֹ נֶ ה ְּכ ׁ ֶש ֵהן מוֹ ִפיעוֹ ת ְ ּבסוֹ ף ַה ִּמ5- ְ ל-
Note: - Several pairs of letters have similar pronunciations: alef - ayin (/a/, /ah/); vet - vav (/v/); xet - xaf (/x/, /ch/); kaf - kof (/k/); tet – tav (/t/); samex / sin (/s/). - Three letters have two forms of pronunciation, stressed and unstressed: bet - vet; kaf - xaf; pey - fey. - Five letters are written differently when they appear at the end of the word: xaf - xaf sofit, mem mem sofit; nun - nun sofit; pey - pey sofit; tsadi – tsadi sofit.
:שפוֹ ת לוֹ ֲעזִ ּיוֹ ת ׂ ָ ּ צְ לִ ילִ ים ׁ ֶשנּוֹ ְספ ּו לָ ִע ְב ִרית ִמ ָ ּ ְּכמוֹ ַ ּב ִּמ,/j/ -ָהאוֹ ת ג' ְמבו ֵּּטאת ְּכ .jeans ילה ּ ָ ְּכמוֹ ַ ּב ִּמ,/g/ -ָהאוֹ ת ז' ְמבו ֵּּטאת ְּכ .Geneve ילה ָ ּ ְּכמוֹ ַ ּב ִּמ,/ch/ -ָהאוֹ ת צ' ְמבו ֵּּטאת ְּכ .chips ילה ָ ּ ְּכמוֹ ַ ּב ִּמ,/w/ (ש ֵּתי וָ וִ ים) ְמ ַב ְּטאוֹ ת ֶאת ַה ֶהגֶ ה ְ ׁ "ָהאוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת "וָ ו .wheel ילה
A number of sounds from other languages have been incorporated into Hebrew: - the letter ' גis pronounced like /j/ in "jeans". - the letter ' זis pronounced like /g/ in "Geneva". - the letter ' צis pronounced like /ch/ in "chips". - two "vavim", – ווpronounced like /w/ in "wheel".
11
ְּכ ֵדי לְ ָה ֵקל ַעל ַהלּ וֹ ֵמד ִ ּב ׁ ְשלַ ֵ ּבי ַה ּ ִל ּימוּד, ִעם זֹאת. ְ ּב ִע ְב ִרית מוֹ ֶד ְרנִ ית ִּכ ְמ ַעט ׁ ֶש ֵאין ִמ ׁ ְש ַּת ְּמ ׁ ִשים ְ ּב ִס ָימנֵ י ַה ִ ּנ ּיקוּד:נִ ּיקוּד . ֹ ַה ֵּס ֶפר ַה ֶּזה ְמנו ָ ּּקד לְ כָ ל אוֹ ְרכּ ו,אשוֹ נִ ִ ּיים ׁ ֶשל ָה ִע ְב ִרית ׁ ָה ִר (כ ִתיב ְּ (כ ִתיב ָח ֵסר) וּכְ ׁ ֶש ֵהן לְ ל ֹא נִ ּיקוּד ְּ ילים ְּכ ׁ ֶש ֵהן ְמנו ָ ּּקדוֹ ת ִ ּ ְּכ ַדאי לִ זְ כּ וֹ ר ׁ ֶש ּ ְל ִע ִּתים יֶ ׁ ְשנָ ם ׁ ִשי ּנוּיִ ים ַק ּ ִלים ִ ּבכְ ִתיב ַה ִּמ .י- ְ לָ רוֹ ב ַה ׁ ּ ִשי ּנוּי ִמ ְת ַ ּב ֵּטא ְ ּבהוֹ ָס ַפת ָהאוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ו ו.)ָמלֵ א ְ . ַאך יוֹ ִסיפ ּו לִ ְהיוֹ ת ְמנו ָ ּּקדוֹ ת,ילים יוֹ ִפיע ּו ִ ּבכְ ִתיב ָמלֵ א ְ ּבתוֹ ֶס ֶפת ָהאוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת וָ ו וְ יוֹ ד ִ ּ ְ ּב ֵס ֶפר זֶ ה ַה ִּמ ) דֻּ גְ ָמאוֹ ת- דּ וּגְ ָמאוֹ ת (דוגמאות,) ִמ ּ ִלים-ילים (מילים ִ ּ ִמ:לְ דוּגְ ָמה
Vowelization: Vowelization is rarely used in Modern Hebrew. Nevertheless, in order to simplify things for you as a beginner, we’ve added vowels throughout the book. Note that there are sometimes slight differences between how words are spelled when vocalized (ke'tiv xaser) and not vocalized (ke'tiv malei). In most cases the difference is the addition of the letter vav or the letter yod. This book uses ke'tiv malei (with the vav and yod) even though the words are vocalized. For example:
) דֻּ גְ ָמאוֹ ת- דּ וּגְ ָמאוֹ ת (דוגמאות,) ִמ ּ ִלים-ילים (מילים ִ ּ ִמ
the word for "words" (milim) is spelled with a yod, and the word for "examples" (dugma'ot) is spelled with a vav. NOTE: Hebrew uses different verb forms in the 2nd and 3rd person, depending on whether the person/ people talked about/to are male or female. The same is true for possessive forms, adjectives and certain nouns. Throughout the book, the symbols [m] (masculine) and [f] (feminine) have been used to denote this. In Hebrew, unlike English, the stress lies on the last syllable in most words. You will be able to hear this when listening to the conversations, and we have also indicated on which syllable the stress lies throughout the book. The symbol â-ê-î-ô-û is used above the vowel of such a syllable. Words of one syllable do not carry such an indication. Hebrew vowels and their pronunciation.
: וּצְ לִ ילָ ם,ִס ָימנֵ י ַה ִ ּנ ּיקוּד ָ ּב ִע ְב ִרית
12
The sign
ַ
Name
English vowel
patax
ָ
kamatz
ֲ
/a/
xataf-patax
ֶ
segol
)( ֶ י
ֵ
tseré
)( ֵ י
ֱ
/e/
xataf-segol
ִ
)( ִ י ) ֹ(ו
ֳ
ֻ ּו ְ
ׁ
xirik xolam xataf-kamatz kubutz shuruk sh’va
/i/ /o/
/u/ /e/
(sometimes with no vowel)
13
ַּת ְע ִּתיק ,ילים ְ ּב ִע ְב ִרית ִ ּ אשוֹ ן ֶאת ַה ִּמ ׁ ַּת ְע ִּתיק ָהאוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת הוּא ְּכלִ י ֵעזֶ ר ְמצ ּו ָ ּין ַה ְמ ַא ְפ ׁ ֵשר לַ לּ וֹ ֵמד לְ ַב ֵּטא וְ "לִ ְקרוֹ א" ְּכ ָבר ֵמ ַה ׁ ּ ִשיעוּר ָה ִר .א"ב ָה ִע ְב ִרי-ַעד ׁ ֶש ִ ּי ׁ ְשלוֹ ט ְ ּבאוֹ ִת ּיוֹ ת ָה .ַה ַּת ְע ִּתיק נִ כְ ָּתב ַ ּב ּצו ָּרה ַה ּ ְפ ׁשו ָּטה וְ ַה ַ ּק ּ ָלה ְ ּביוֹ ֵתר לַ ֲהגִ ָ ּייה
Transliteration The transliteration in this book is an excellent tool for learning to pronounce and to "read" Hebrew letters from the very first lesson, until you develop a command of the Hebrew alphabet. The transliteration in this book, designed to facilitate easy pronunciation, is an excellent tool for learning to pronounce and "read" Hebrew letters from the very first lesson, until you develop a command of the Hebrew alphabet.
Transliteration basics used in this course: x = the letters xet and xaf. The sound is pronounced like the /ch/ in the English word loch. ts = the letter tsadi sh = the letter shin i = the sound of the vowel xirik a = the sound of the vowels kamats and patax (and xataf kamats and xataf patax) e = the sound of the vowel segol (and xataf segol) ei = the sound of the vowel tseire o = the sound of the vowel xolam u = the sound of the vowels shuruk and kubuts An apostrophe (') is used to indicate two adjacent vowel sounds, for example, lehitra'ot, or to indicate the vowel sh'va, very short semi-vowel, sometimes with the letter "e", as in B’vadâi. Enjoy the course!
!לִ ּימוּד ְמ ַה ֶ ּנה
14
1
]1[ Unit 1 Who am I? Who are you? Danny meets Dana and they start to chat. Their conversation will help us learn to introduce ourselves in Hebrew, ask questions, and count from 1 to 10. At the end of the conversation Dana makes Danny a surprising offer …
?מי אני? מי אתה לשאול, מהשיחה נלמד איך להציג את עצמנו בעברית. ומתפתחת ביניהם שיחת היכרות,דני פוגש בדנה ... ובסוף השיחה דני מקבל מדנה גם הצעה מפתיעה,10 עד1- לספור מ,שאלות
17
HEBREW - let's speak!
Shalôm! Hello!
!♀ ׁ ָשלוֹ ם
Shalôm rav!
!♂ ׁ ָשלוֹ ם ַרב
Ma shimxâ? [m]
?♀ ַמה ׁ ּ ִש ְמ ָך
Shmi… Dâni.
. ָ ּדנִ י...♂ ׁ ְש ִמי
Na’îm me’ôd.
.♀ נָ ִעים ְמאוֹ ד
Ma shmex? [f]
?♂ ַמה ׁ ּ ְש ֵמ ְך
Hello!
What’s your name?
My name’s Danny.
Pleased to meet you.
What’s your name?
]1[
18
HEBREW - let's speak!
Shmi… Dâna.
. ָ ּדנָ ה...♀ ׁ ְש ִמי
Ze shem yafê!
!♂ זֶ ה ׁ ֵשם יָ ֶפה
My name’s Dana.
What a nice name!
Todâ!
Thanks!
Dâna, ma shlomêx? [f] How are you, Dana?
Shlomî tov. U’mâ shlomxâ? [m]
I’m fine. How are you?
Metzuyân! Great!
]1[
!♀ ּתוֹ ָדה ? ַמה ׁ ּ ְשלוֹ ֵמ ְך,♂ ָ ּדנָ ה .♀ ׁ ְשלוֹ ִמי טוֹ ב ?ו ַּמה ׁ ּ ְשלוֹ ְמ ָך !♂ ְמצ ּו ָ ּין
19
HEBREW - let's speak!
Tov lishmô’a!
That’s great to hear!
!♀ טוֹ ב לִ ׁ ְשמוֹ ַע
Dâna, me’êifo at? [f]
? ֵמ ֵאיפֹה ַא ְּת,♂ ָ ּדנָ ה
Anî mi’yerushalâyim.
.♀ ֲאנִ י ִמירו ׁ ָּשלַ יִ ם
Ze makôm yafê!
!♂ זֶ ה ָמקוֹ ם יָ ֶפה
Me’êifo atâ? [m]
?♀ ֵמ ֵאיפֹה ַא ָּתה
Dana, where do you live?
I’m from Jerusalem.
That’s a nice place!
Where do you live?
Anî gar bi’nêw york. I live in New York.
.♂ ֲאנִ י ָ ּגר ִ ּבנְ י ּו יוֹ ְרק
]1[
20
HEBREW - let's speak!
Ah… atâ tayâr? [m]
? ַא ָּתה ַּת ָ ּייר...♀ ָאה
Lo! Anî studênt. [m]
.♂ ל ֹא! ֲאנִ י ְסטו ֶּדנְ ט
Ah… are you a tourist?
No! I’m a student.
Eîfo nolâd’ta? [m]
?♀ ֵאיפֹה נוֹ לַ ְד ָּת
Nolâd’ti b’yisra’êl.
!ש ָר ֵאל ׂ ְ ִ♂ נוֹ לַ ְד ִּתי ְ ּבי
Me’anyêin me’ôd.
!♀ ְמ ַענְ יֵ ין ְמאוֹ ד
Where were you born?
I was born in Israel.
Very interesting.
]1[
21
HEBREW - let's speak!
At medabêret anglît? [f] Do you speak English?
After a feminine pronoun, the verb is also feminine.
K’tzât… v’atâ? [m]
A bit… what about you?
Anî m’dabêr anglît, v’ivrît! [m] I speak English and Hebrew.
?♂ ַא ְּת ְמ ַד ֶ ּב ֶרת ַאנְ ְ ּגלִ ית
]1[
אחרי כינוי גוף בנקבה יופיע .הפועל בנקבה
? וְ ַא ָּתה...♀ ְקצָ ת ,♂ ֲאנִ י ְמ ַד ֵ ּבר ַאנְ ְ ּגלִ ית !וְ ִע ְב ִרית .אחרי כינוי גוף בזכר יופיע הפועל בזכר
After a masculine pronoun, the verb is also masculine.
Gam anî m’dabêret ivrît… [f] I also speak Hebrew…
♀ ַ ּגם ֲאנִ י ְמ ַד ֶ ּב ֶרת ...ִע ְב ִרית
22
HEBREW - let's speak!
Anî mevîn gam sefaradît. [m]
♂ ֲאנִ י ֵמ ִבין ַ ּגם .ְס ָפ ַר ִ ּדית
Avâl lo yodêi’a l’dabêr… [m]
...♀ ֲא ָבל ל ֹא יוֹ ֵד ַע לְ ַד ֵ ּבר
I understand Spanish as well.
But you can’t speak it…
Naxôn me’ôd! Exactly!
Dâni, êifo atâ gar? [m]
Danny, where do you live?
Axshâv, anî gar bemalôn. [m] At the moment I’m living at the hotel.
B’emêt?! B’êize malôn? Really?! Which hotel?
]1[
!♂ נָ כוֹ ן ְמאוֹ ד ? ֵאיפֹה ַא ָּתה ָ ּגר,♀ ָ ּדנִ י . ֲאנִ י ָ ּגר ְ ּב ָמלוֹ ן,♂ ַעכְ ׁ ָשיו !?♀ ֶ ּב ֱא ֶמת ?ְ ּב ֵאיזֶ ה ָמלוֹ ן
23
HEBREW - let's speak!
M’lôn ro’yâl.
The Royal Hotel.
Ah… ze malôn tov!
Ah… that’s a good hotel!
.♂ ְמלוֹ ן רוֹ יַ אל ! זֶ ה ָמלוֹ ן טוֹ ב...♀ ָאהה
B’merkâz ha’îr!
!♂ ְ ּב ֶמ ְר ַּכז ָה ִעיר
Anî yoda’ât… [f]
...♀ ֲאנִ י יוֹ ַד ַעת
Bânu l’vikûr.
.♂ ָ ּבאנ ּו לְ ִב ּיקוּר
In the center of town.
I know…
We came for a visit.
Mi ba? [m] Who came?
]1[
?♀ ִמי ָ ּבא
24
HEBREW - let's speak!
Kol hamishpaxâ. The whole family.
The definite article in Hebrew is indicated by the letter " ( "הthe) used as a prefix to the noun.
ִמ ׁ ְש ּ ָפ ָחה ִ ּב ּיקוּר .♂ ָּכל ַה ִּמ ׁ ְש ּ ָפ ָחה היידוע בעברית ידי-נעשה על " המוּספת-התחילית "ה .)"לשם העצם ("ה' הידיעה
L’xâma z’mân?
?♀ לְ כַ ָּמה זְ ַמן
L’shavû’a exâd.
.♂ לְ ׁ ָשבו ַּע ֶא ָחד
Ulâi tik’p’tzû l’vikûr?
* ♀ אוּלַ י ִּת ְק ּ ְפצ ּו ?לְ ִב ּיקוּר
For how long?
For a week.
Maybe you’ll drop by for a visit?
* להגיע לביקור קצר to come for a brief visit
]1[
25
HEBREW - let's speak!
B’ratzôn! Sure!
Mi od yavô?
Who else is coming?
Ishtî…
My wife…
Kamuvân. V’ha’y’ladîm?
Of course. And your children?
Ken. V’hahorîm hanexmadîm shelâ…
Yes. And her lovely parents… Usually, the suffix “~im” is used for the plural form of masculine adjectives, and the suffix “~ot” for feminine plural adjectives.
נֶ ְח ָמד !♂ ְ ּב ָרצוֹ ן
]1[
?♀ ִמי עוֹ ד יָ בוֹ א ...♂ ִא ׁ ְש ִּתי ? וְ ַהיְ לָ ִדים.♀ ַּכ ּמו ָּבן וְ ַההוֹ ִרים.♂ ֵּכן ...ַה ֶ ּנ ְח ָמ ִדים ׁ ֶש ּ ָל ּה הסיומת ִ~ים אופיינית לצורת,לרוב ,הרבים של שמות תואר ממין זכר ואילו הסיומת ~וֹת אופיינית לצורת הרבים .של שמות תואר ממין נקבה
26
HEBREW - let's speak!
Takîru et ba’alî.
.♀ ַּת ִּכיר ּו ֶאת ַ ּב ְעלִ י
Et habên shelî.
.♀ ֶאת ַה ֵ ּבן ׁ ֶש ּ ִלי
Et habât shelî.
.♀ ֶאת ַה ַ ּבת ׁ ֶש ּ ִלי
You’ll meet my husband.
My son.
My daughter.
V’êt hakêlev shelânu. And our dog.
Metzuyân. Matâi navô?
Great. When should we come?
Matâi nô’ax laxêm? [pl] When’s good for you?
(The word nô’ax literally means pleasant or comfortable.)
]1[
.ּ♀ וְ ֶאת ַה ֶּכלֶ ב ׁ ֶש ּ ָלנו ? ָמ ַתי נָ בוֹ א.♂ ְמצ ּו ָ ּין ?♀ ָמ ַתי נוֹ ַח לָ כֶ ם
27
HEBREW - let's speak!
B’sha’â tâisha? At nine o’clock?
Ze m’uxâr… That’s late…
?9 ♂ ְ ּב ׁ ָש ָעה ...♀ זֶ ה ְמאו ָּחר
U’lâi b’sha’â shêish?
?6 ♂ אוּלַ י ְ ּב ׁ ָש ָעה
Ze k’tzât mukdâm…
...♀ זֶ ה ְקצָ ת מו ְּק ָ ּדם
Maybe six o’clock?
That’s a bit early…
Matâi shetagîdi! [f] Whenever you say!
The particle “she-”(that) is always a prefix.
]1[
!♂ ָמ ַתי ׁ ֶש ַּת ִ ּג ִידי "-"ש ֶ המילית מצטרפת תמיד .לתחילת המילה
28
HEBREW - let's speak!
צָ ֳה ַריִ ים
Ma hasha’â axshâv?
?♀ ָמה ַה ׁ ּ ָש ָעה ַעכְ ׁ ָשיו
Axshâv … shtâyim batzohorâ’yim.
. ַ ּב ָ ּצ ֳה ַריִ ים2 ...♂ ַעכְ ׁ ָשיו
Axât, shtâyim, shalôsh, arbâ, xamêsh…
, ׁ ָשלו ֹׁש, ׁ ְש ַּתיִ ים,♀ ַא ַחת ... ָח ֵמ ׁש,ַא ְר ַ ּבע
What’s the time now?
Now… it’s 2 p.m.
One, two, three, four, five… Hebrew also has different forms for masculine and feminine numbers. Counting is always done using the feminine form, as Dana does here.
B’sha’â shêva!
At seven o’clock.
B’diyûk!
Precisely!
]1[
גם למספרים בעברית יש תבנית נפרדת לזכר , ספירה סתמית עושים תמיד בנקבה.ולנקבה .כמו שדנה סופרת
!7 ♂ ְ ּב ׁ ָש ָעה !♀ ְ ּב ִד ּיוּק
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HEBREW - let's speak!
Neh’dâr.
Wonderful.
.♂ נֶ ְה ָ ּדר
Az l’hitra’ôt b’shêva.
.7-♀ ָאז לְ ִה ְת ָראוֹ ת ְ ּב
Rêga, ma hak’tôvet?
? ָמה ַה ְּכתוֹ ֶבת,♂ ֶרגַ ע
So, see you at seven.
One minute, what’s your address?
Rexôv Hêrzl êser.
.10 ♀ ְרחוֹ ב ֶה ְרצְ ל
Ah, anî makîr! [m]
! ֲאנִ י ַמ ִּכיר,♂ ָאה
Ten Herzl Street.
Ah, I know where that is.
… v’lô l’axêr l’aruxât êrev!
… and don’t be late for dinner!
וְ ל ֹא לְ ַא ֵחר...♀ !לַ ֲארו ַּחת ֶע ֶרב
]1[
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◄ ֶא ָחד
Ken
◄ ֵּכן
Shnâyim
◄ ׁ ְשנַ יִ ים
Lo
◄ ל ֹא
Shalôsh
◄ ׁ ָשלוֹ ׁש
Anî
◄ ֲאנִ י
Arbâ
◄ ַא ְר ַ ּבע
Atâ [m. sing.]
Exâd One
Two
Three
Four
Tayâr [m. sing]
◄ ַּת ָ ּייר
Tayêret [f. sing]
◄ ַּת ֶ ּי ֶירת
Tourist
Tourist
Yes
No
I
You
At [f. sing.] You
Sh’mi
My name is…
◄ ַא ָּתה ◄ ַא ְּת ◄ ׁ ְש ִמי
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Shalôm
Hello, hi, goodbye
Le’hitra’ôt! See you!
◄ ׁ ָשלוֹ ם !◄ לְ ִה ְת ָראוֹ ת
Tayarîm [pl.] Tourists
◄ ַּת ָ ּי ִירים
Le’dabêr
◄ לְ ַד ֵ ּבר
Le’havîn
◄ לְ ָה ִבין
To speak
To understand
Lagûr
◄ לָ גוּר
Yôfi
◄ יוֹ ִפי
To live (in a certain place)
Great!
Metzuyân!
Great! Excellent!
◄ ְמצ ּו ָ ּין
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