Life Cycle Costs
Graduate Category: Engineering and Technology Degree Level: Masters Abstract ID# 295
Data Driven Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Tarun Reddy Aleti, Ralf Birken, Ming L. Wang (Northeastern University) Correlation of Physical Features with Pavement Condition Index
Life Cycle Costs is a good indicator of effectiveness of a Pavement Management System Here we focus on the maintenance and repair strategies, and future repair budgeting estimates. We Life Cycle calculate life cycle costs by Cost taking advantage of Analysis preventive repairs that could be recommended every year using VOTERS pavement inspection data. Later we 1. Pavement Condi9on Index
4. Budge9ng, Future Repair and Cost Es9mates
2. Pavement Deteriora9on Modeling
3. Maintenance and Repair Strategies
compare our results to life cycle costs of the
0.900
1.000
1.100
1.200
1.300
1.400
1.500
Mean Texture Depth (mm)
-‐0.843
2
Interna9onal Roughness Index
IRI
-‐0.886
3
Standard Devia9on of Road Profile Total Crack Index
SDRP
-‐0.846
TCI
VOTERS PHYSICAL FEATURE DISTRESSES
Alligator Cracking (m2)
Block Cracking (m2)
Patching (m2)
Repair Type: Crack Seal Repair Cost = 1 $/T * 100T = $100
Distress Density Severity Distress Density Severity Distress Density Severity Distress Density Severity Distress Density Severity
3
PrevenHve 1. Spray InjecHon Patching 2. Micro surfacing
2
RouHne 1. Spot Leveling
5
RehabilitaHon 1. Thin Hot Mix Overlay < 2”
3 3 2
PrevenHve 1. Thin Hot Mix Overlay < 1.5” PrevenHve 1. Rout and Seal 2. Clean and Seal
2
IniHal Case PCI
Same Road After 5 Years
95
I II
-‐0.805
ClassificaHon Table
SDRP(mm)
1
80
Algorithm for Pavement Repair and Maintenance Strategies using VOTERS Physical Features and Technology
MTD (mm)
65
PCI
0 0.800
MTD
Severity
72
0
Mean Texture Depth
VOTERS Physical Features In. a study done by Shah et al. 1996 under US Army Corps Engineers, shortlisted 7 most important pavement distresses out of the 19 types of distresses. The shortlisted distresses are Alligator Cracking, Patching/Potholes, Raveling, Rutting, Corrugations and Block Cracking. VOTERS estimates these distresses using its physical features Mean Texture Depth, International Roughness Index, Standard Deviation of Road Profile and Total Crack Index.
20
1
Distress Density
80
90
20
I
5
State of Art
VOTERS
1
2
3
4
5
Total Costs
State of Art
0$
0$
0$
0$
2250$
2632$
VOTERS
125$
125$
125$ 125$ 975$
1671$
State of Art
0$
0$
VOTERS
200$
200$
State of Art
0$
0$
State of Art VOTERS
Repair Type: Thin Overlay < 1.5” Repair Cost = 0.9 $/T2*2500T2 = $2250
4
Years
Type
VOTERS II
3
Year
2250$ 125$ 0$
0$
0$
4375$
5118$
200$ 200$ 975$
1989$
0$
0$
4375$
5118$
125$ 125$ 125$
2802$
0$
0$ 0$
7000$
8189$
2250$ 2005$ 200$ 200$ 200$
3133$
Case I: MicroPaver Deterioration, Case II: Expected Deterioration
Life Cycle Costs Analysis MOST DOMINANT STRATEGY REHABILITAITON THIN HOT MIX OVERLAY < 2”
40
CorrelaHon with PCI
IRI (mm/km)
95
40
AbbreviaHon
state of the art strategy of doing repairs once in 3 to 5 years.
88
95
60
60
No. VOTERS Physical Feature
4
95
80
80
95 95
100
RouHne 1. Pothole Patching
Results from Algorithm Every distress is important in identifying the appropriate repair strategy for a pavement. Our decision tree algorithm helps in identifying the potential cracks, raveling, potholes roughness conditions and doing corresponding preventive repair for them instead of doing NO REPAIR. The advantages of such preventive repairs are demonstrated below, where we compare current state of the art of doing repair once in 5 years and VOTERS way of doing every year.
Life Cycle Costs is sum of the Agency Costs (Repair and Maintenance Costs) and User Costs (Vehicle Operating Costs – Tire Costs, Fuel Costs & Vehicle Repair Costs). We considered 17 Streets from Brockton and calculated the life cycle costs which 3 different scenarios in a time period of 10 years with constant inflation of 4%. We assumed a Maximum Rehabilitation Budget of $15,000 per year and Maximum Preventive Budget of $2,500 per year. We can see from the life cycle costs below that by doing preventive repairs every year even on a very good pavement, we save a lot of money in the medium term, while at the same time the pavement condition can be maintained at a very high level. Repair Every Year
Repair every 3 years
Repair every 5 years
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
90
Average PCI a]er 10 years
INTRODUCTION
Each of the VOTERS Physical features are highly correlated to the PCI. This results validates that these
features correctly indicate the
condition of the pavement. Also, each of these physical features can be
very useful in determining not just the dominant distress type on the road
but also appropriate pavement maintenance and repair strategies.
100
PCI
Versatile Onboard Traffic Embedded Roaming Sensors (VOTERS) makes collecting pavement inspection data every year a possibility. We do not need to depend on inspection data collected only once every 5 years to develop our Pavement Management System (PMS). Our attempt is to develop a PMS that uses yearly updated pavement inspection data provided by the VOTERS system.
Demonstration of Advantages of Preventive Repair using frequent VOTERS data
Life Cycle Costs (x$1000)
ABSTRACT
82
80
65
70 60
52
50 40 30 20 10
0
2
4
6
Years
8
10
12
0 Repair Every Year
Repair every 3 years
Repair every 5 years
Conclusions q VOTERS physical features can be used as a substitute for the distresses in PMS q Each of the VOTERS Physical features are highly correlated to the Pavement Condition Index q Developed an algorithm for calculating the appropriate repair and maintenance strategy
Repair Suggested is RouHne Maintenance. Very small cracks begin to appear. Poten9al to form small potholes during rain and snow storms
Repair Suggested is Thin Overlay < 1.5”. Too many cracks to do sealing. But since, cracks are of small width preven9ve repair is suggested.
q Successfully demonstrated that VOTERS pavement data helps in decreasing overall life cycle costs while maintaining pavement in good condition q With VOTERS it is possible to achieve RIGHT REPAIR in RIGHT TIME at RIGHT PLACE
Data Driven Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Tarun Reddy Aleti, Ralf Birken, Ming L. Wang (Northeastern University) Correlation of Physical Features with Pavement Condition Index
Life Cycle Costs is a good indicator of effectiveness of a Pavement Management System Here we focus on the maintenance and repair strategies, and future repair budgeting estimates. We Life Cycle calculate life cycle costs by Cost taking advantage of Analysis preventive repairs that could be recommended every year using VOTERS pavement inspection data. Later we 1. Pavement Condi9on Index
4. Budge9ng, Future Repair and Cost Es9mates
2. Pavement Deteriora9on Modeling
3. Maintenance and Repair Strategies
compare our results to life cycle costs of the
0.900
1.000
1.100
1.200
1.300
1.400
1.500
Mean Texture Depth (mm)
-‐0.843
2
Interna9onal Roughness Index
IRI
-‐0.886
3
Standard Devia9on of Road Profile Total Crack Index
SDRP
-‐0.846
TCI
VOTERS PHYSICAL FEATURE DISTRESSES
Alligator Cracking (m2)
Block Cracking (m2)
Patching (m2)
Repair Type: Crack Seal Repair Cost = 1 $/T * 100T = $100
Distress Density Severity Distress Density Severity Distress Density Severity Distress Density Severity Distress Density Severity
3
PrevenHve 1. Spray InjecHon Patching 2. Micro surfacing
2
RouHne 1. Spot Leveling
5
RehabilitaHon 1. Thin Hot Mix Overlay < 2”
3 3 2
PrevenHve 1. Thin Hot Mix Overlay < 1.5” PrevenHve 1. Rout and Seal 2. Clean and Seal
2
IniHal Case PCI
Same Road After 5 Years
95
I II
-‐0.805
ClassificaHon Table
SDRP(mm)
1
80
Algorithm for Pavement Repair and Maintenance Strategies using VOTERS Physical Features and Technology
MTD (mm)
65
PCI
0 0.800
MTD
Severity
72
0
Mean Texture Depth
VOTERS Physical Features In. a study done by Shah et al. 1996 under US Army Corps Engineers, shortlisted 7 most important pavement distresses out of the 19 types of distresses. The shortlisted distresses are Alligator Cracking, Patching/Potholes, Raveling, Rutting, Corrugations and Block Cracking. VOTERS estimates these distresses using its physical features Mean Texture Depth, International Roughness Index, Standard Deviation of Road Profile and Total Crack Index.
20
1
Distress Density
80
90
20
I
5
State of Art
VOTERS
1
2
3
4
5
Total Costs
State of Art
0$
0$
0$
0$
2250$
2632$
VOTERS
125$
125$
125$ 125$ 975$
1671$
State of Art
0$
0$
VOTERS
200$
200$
State of Art
0$
0$
State of Art VOTERS
Repair Type: Thin Overlay < 1.5” Repair Cost = 0.9 $/T2*2500T2 = $2250
4
Years
Type
VOTERS II
3
Year
2250$ 125$ 0$
0$
0$
4375$
5118$
200$ 200$ 975$
1989$
0$
0$
4375$
5118$
125$ 125$ 125$
2802$
0$
0$ 0$
7000$
8189$
2250$ 2005$ 200$ 200$ 200$
3133$
Case I: MicroPaver Deterioration, Case II: Expected Deterioration
Life Cycle Costs Analysis MOST DOMINANT STRATEGY REHABILITAITON THIN HOT MIX OVERLAY < 2”
40
CorrelaHon with PCI
IRI (mm/km)
95
40
AbbreviaHon
state of the art strategy of doing repairs once in 3 to 5 years.
88
95
60
60
No. VOTERS Physical Feature
4
95
80
80
95 95
100
RouHne 1. Pothole Patching
Results from Algorithm Every distress is important in identifying the appropriate repair strategy for a pavement. Our decision tree algorithm helps in identifying the potential cracks, raveling, potholes roughness conditions and doing corresponding preventive repair for them instead of doing NO REPAIR. The advantages of such preventive repairs are demonstrated below, where we compare current state of the art of doing repair once in 5 years and VOTERS way of doing every year.
Life Cycle Costs is sum of the Agency Costs (Repair and Maintenance Costs) and User Costs (Vehicle Operating Costs – Tire Costs, Fuel Costs & Vehicle Repair Costs). We considered 17 Streets from Brockton and calculated the life cycle costs which 3 different scenarios in a time period of 10 years with constant inflation of 4%. We assumed a Maximum Rehabilitation Budget of $15,000 per year and Maximum Preventive Budget of $2,500 per year. We can see from the life cycle costs below that by doing preventive repairs every year even on a very good pavement, we save a lot of money in the medium term, while at the same time the pavement condition can be maintained at a very high level. Repair Every Year
Repair every 3 years
Repair every 5 years
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
90
Average PCI a]er 10 years
INTRODUCTION
Each of the VOTERS Physical features are highly correlated to the PCI. This results validates that these
features correctly indicate the
condition of the pavement. Also, each of these physical features can be
very useful in determining not just the dominant distress type on the road
but also appropriate pavement maintenance and repair strategies.
100
PCI
Versatile Onboard Traffic Embedded Roaming Sensors (VOTERS) makes collecting pavement inspection data every year a possibility. We do not need to depend on inspection data collected only once every 5 years to develop our Pavement Management System (PMS). Our attempt is to develop a PMS that uses yearly updated pavement inspection data provided by the VOTERS system.
Demonstration of Advantages of Preventive Repair using frequent VOTERS data
Life Cycle Costs (x$1000)
ABSTRACT
82
80
65
70 60
52
50 40 30 20 10
0
2
4
6
Years
8
10
12
0 Repair Every Year
Repair every 3 years
Repair every 5 years
Conclusions q VOTERS physical features can be used as a substitute for the distresses in PMS q Each of the VOTERS Physical features are highly correlated to the Pavement Condition Index q Developed an algorithm for calculating the appropriate repair and maintenance strategy
Repair Suggested is RouHne Maintenance. Very small cracks begin to appear. Poten9al to form small potholes during rain and snow storms
Repair Suggested is Thin Overlay < 1.5”. Too many cracks to do sealing. But since, cracks are of small width preven9ve repair is suggested.
q Successfully demonstrated that VOTERS pavement data helps in decreasing overall life cycle costs while maintaining pavement in good condition q With VOTERS it is possible to achieve RIGHT REPAIR in RIGHT TIME at RIGHT PLACE
