(litres) Annual Fuel Cost Savings Annual GHG Savings
FLEETSMART > WELCOME
FUEL MANAGEMENT 101
Today’s Seminar A picture of Transportation in Canada Influence of Change How to ‘get going’ Fun with Formulas Some surprises Conclusion
Canada’s Fleet 18 million passenger cars, pickup trucks, light vans 615,000 trucks over 4,500 kg 321,000 medium duty (85% straight truck) 294,000 Class 8 (69% tractor-trailer) 3,000 motor coaches 33,640 school buses 23,200 transit buses ??,??? off-road equipment ?,??? motorcycles
The lay of the land…
o Sparse population density : 3 persons per km2 in contrast to 111 per km2 in France. o Great distances – 9 M km2 o 5061 kms, cities distributed along a southern strip o Extremes of temperature: -40 oC to +40 oC
Federal Programs Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada biofuels Environment Canada vehicle emissions, fuel quality
Industry Canada Supply Chain Logistics Transport Canada vehicle safety, freight rates, inter-modality Natural Resources Canada vehicle energy
GHG Emissions by Sector (2004) Solvent & Other Use 0.1%
Land-Use Change & Forestry 1.1% Agriculture Waste 7.3% 3.8%
Industrial Processes 7.2%
Electricity and Heat Generation & Fossil Fuel Industries 27.6% Construction, Mining & Manufacturing Industries 8.9%
Fugitive Sources 8.8%
Energy Sector 82.4%
Transportation 26.1%
Agriculture & Forestry 0.3%
Residential 5.7%
Commercial & Institutional 5.0%
GHG Emissions by Mode (2004)
Pipelines 5.7% Off-Road 9.2% Domestic Marine 2.9% Railways 3.1% Domestic Aviation 6.9%
Automobiles 37.1%
Light-Duty Trucks 30.3%
On-Road 72.1%
Others 0.8%
Heavy-Duty Vehicles 31.8%
What is FleetSmart A program at Natural Resources Canada to help commercial & municipal fleets reduce fuel consumption & emissions through improved energy efficient practices. Programs for on-road vehicles > Trucks – highway, forestry, urban > Bus – highway coach, transit, school buses > Urban – municipalities, utilities, light-duty fleets (ie. taxi, courier)
What is FleetSmart con’t SmartDriver family of driver training programs Fuel Management 101 Technology & Information: workshops, studies - eg: Long combination vehicle study, idling reduction toolkit, intercity truck fuel consumption benchmarking Funding Opportunity - $1 million to 50% funding for energy efficiency/emissions reduction projects US SmartWay Transport Partnership Truck Stop Idle Free – Quiet Zone Campaign
WHY BOTHER?
> Save $$ > Reduce emissions > Support government initiatives > Good management of a finite natural resource > Business Development
What is SmartWay Transport? • Voluntary partnership between EPA and the freight industry:
– Designed to create a demand for cleaner, more fuel efficient freight transportation Add environmental performance to the list of criteria used to hire
– Developed jointly by EPA and 15 Charter Partners – EPA interests: interests Reduced emissions (CO2, NOx, PM) and improved energy security – Freight industry interests: interests Reduced fuel consumption, public recognition, improved public image, driver retention – No fees to participate – Open to companies of all sizes
Marketing and Recognition EPA Creating Awareness
SmartWay growth… Freight Week 2009: Australia - September 9, 2009 o Why freight counts when it comes to the environment – Mick Bourke, Chairman, EPA Victoria o Saving fuel, saving the environment and saving money – launch of SmartWay in Australia • France: objectif CO2 -January 2009 • EU coalition: working to launch SmartWay platform in Europe, harmonizing freight programs with US & share data • Guangzhou, China: adopted SmartWay Partnership model & expansion planned • World Bank & Asian Development Bank – promotion of SmartWay sister programs in India, Singapore et al
WHY ARE WE DOING THIS? >
Why are we talking about a Fuel Management Plan? Fuel prices are volatile New emissions standards are changing the engines and their fuels The environmental impact of vehicles is a concern Fleet managers are being tasked to reduce fuel use There’s talk of emission caps and credit trading To be successful – a plan of action is required
Fuel Management 101 How do I build a fuel management plan? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
How do I start tracking fuel use? What information do I need? Where can I get that information? How do I analyze it? How do I cost my options? How do I decide which option is best?
PURPOSE OF WORKSHOP >
To provide you with a set of tools that will enable you to build a Fuel Management Plan for your fleet, tools such as: A data collection table used to gather fleet inventory information A sample data collection questionnaire A sample inventory spreadsheet A sample fuel-use baseline Formulae to calculate fuel & emissions information A sample, completed Fuel Management Plan
THE FOUR PHASES Systematic Approach Phase 1:
Create a Fleet Inventory Establish a Fuel Use Baseline
Phase 2:
Determine your Options Compare Costs with Benefits
Phase 3:
Create an Action Plan Present to Management Implement your Plan
Phase 4:
Analyze your Performance
MIXED FLEET
( read page 5)
Category
Examples
Minivans
Chevrolet Express, Dodge Caravan
20
Full-Size Vans
Ford E250, GMC Savana
8
Pickup Trucks
Dodge Ram, Ford F150
25
Heavy-Duty On-Road
Mack, International (incl. seasonal applications)
16
Off-Road
Backhoes, loaders, graders
10
Total
Number of Units
79
PART A > CREATE AN INVENTORY
>
This phase answers the questions: What information do I need? Where do I get it? How do I record it?
FLEET DATA COLLECTION TABLE Data Vehicle Identification & Category
Description Unique Identifier (i.e. Unit Number) Vehicle Category
ORGANIZED BY VEHICLE CATEGORY FOR ANALYSIS
Model Year Vehicle Tombstone Data
Make/Model Licence Plate Number Serial Number (V.I.N.) Engine (No. of cylinders & size) Fuel Type
Fuel Consumption Data
MUST CORRESPOND
Transmission Type City and Highway Fuel Efficiency Ratings Engine Year, Make & Model Horsepower Rating Actual Fuel Consumed (during the monitoring period)
Utilization Data
In-Service Date Odometer Readings and Dates (corresponds to Actual Fuel Consumed)
Department/Division/Group Physical Location Site Location Information Unique Departmental Billing Code
Light Vehicles
Heavy Vehicles
COLLECTING FLEET INFORMATION (1) Category
Description
Typical Vehicle Required to Perform Task
What vehicle would typically be required to perform this task? Has the most efficient vehicle been assigned to the task?
Capacity
Is vehicle being used to its maximum capacity in order to reduce the number of trips?
Unnecessary Engine Idling
What amount of time (per day) is attributed to unnecessary engine idling? (unnecessary = engine use not required)
COLLECTING FLEET INFORMATION (2) Category
Description
Task Description
What is the vehicle intended to be used for?
Driver Training
Have the drivers been trained to use the features found on this vehicle?
Unauthorized Use
Is there a policy regarding personal use of fleet vehicles? Are the vehicles being maintained as per the fleet spec? Has this vehicle been receiving regular maintenance?
Maintenance
Are there any patterns in maintenance or repair that would indicate a problem with the vehicle spec, our maintenance regime, the way the vehicle is driven or the way we are using the vehicle?
HOW TO MAKE AN INVENTORY >
A database or spreadsheet will allow you to: Record data in an organized manner Determine baseline energy performance for each vehicle and category of vehicle Recalculate easily Track your progress
MIXED FLEET > SAMPLE INVENTORY Make/Model
Current Odometer or Hours
Current Reading Date
Previous Previous Odometer Reading or Hours Date
Chevrolet Express
125,255 km
Jan 2007
94,876 km
Ford E250 bi-fuel
51,657 km
Sep 2006
Ford F150
76,331 km
Mack Dump – Summer Mack Dump – Winter John Deere Loader
Fuel Type
Fuel Used*
Apr 2006
Gasoline
4,136 L
32,876 km
Nov 2005
CNG Gasoline
706 kg 1,480 L
Oct 2006
58,653 km
Jan 2006
Propane
5,685 L
53,709 km
Nov 2006
31,428 km
Mar 2006
Diesel
15,294 L
91,633 km
Feb 2007
53,709 km
Nov 2006
Diesel
29,731 L
7,616 hr
Nov 2006
6,936 hr
Mar 2006
Diesel
2,856 L
* Fuel Used is the fuel consumed between the odometer reading dates.
ESTABLISH A FUEL-USE BASELINE >
What is a Fuel-Use Baseline and how is it calculated?
>
During this Part we will Build on the inventory Record the fuel consumed & fuel consumption rate for each vehicle Determine greenhouse gas emissions Provide a baseline for fuel efficiency Provide data for utilization rates
SAMPLE FUEL-USE BASELINE Annual Kilometres Driven
Fuel Type
Annual Fuel Consumed
Annual Fuel Cost
Baseline Fuel Consumption Rate Litres/100 km (MPG)
Baseline Annual GHG Emissions (tonnes)
‘ANNUALIZE’ km DRIVEN (OR ENGINE HOURS) Current Odometer (km) – Previous Odometer (km) Annual km x 12 months = Driven Current Month – Previous Month
Example
=
=
125,255 km – 94,876 km Jan 2007 – Apr 2006 30,379 km 9 months
x 12 months
= 40,505 km/year
x 12 months
‘ANNUALIZE’ FUEL CONSUMED Actual Fuel Used (litres, kilograms, cubic metres) Annual Fuel x 12 months = Consumed Current Month – Previous Month
Example
= =
4,136 litres Jan 2007 – Apr 2006 4,136 litres 9 months
x 12 months
= 5,515 litres/year
x 12 months
AVERAGE FUEL PRICE >
To build a Fuel-Use Baseline for past activity, we need an average price per litre for fuel used.
>
Base your average on fuel receipts you have for the last 6 months or so for each fuel type.
ANNUAL FUEL COST
Annual Fuel Cost
=
Annual Fuel Used x Unit Price of Fuel
=
5,155 litres x $0.80 per litre
=
$4,412 per year
CALCULATING FUEL CONSUMPTION RATE (1) For diesel, bio-diesel, gasoline, propane & ethanol blends
Fuel Consumption Rate Example
=
= =
Annual Fuel Consumed (L) Annual km Driven 5,515 L 40,505 km
x 100 km
13.6 L/100 km
x 100 km
CALCULATING FUEL CONSUMPTION RATE (2) For compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Consumption Rate
=
Example
= =
Annual Fuel Consumed (kg or m3) Annual km Driven 847 kg 9,234 km
x 100 km
x 100 km
9.2 kg/100 km
* This example is for a mono-fuel vehicle not described previously.
CONVERTING ‘CONSUMPTION’ TO ‘ECONOMY’ To convert L/100 km to miles per Canadian gallon, use the formula: MPGcan = 282.48 L/100 km
To convert L/100 km to miles per U.S. gallon, use the formula: MPGus = 235.21 L/100 km
FUEL-USE BASELINE (4) Make/Model
Annual Usage
Fuel Type
Annual Fuel Consumed
Annual Fuel Cost
Baseline Fuel Consumption Rate
Chevrolet Express
40,505 km
Gasoline
5,515 litres
$4,412
13.6 L/100 km
Ford E250 bi-fuel van Ford F150 Mack Dump – Summer Mack Dump – Winter John Deere Loader
Baseline Annual GHG Emissions (tonnes)
WHAT ARE GHG EMISSIONS? >
Greenhouse gases are 78.9% carbon dioxide (CO2) 12.4% methane (CH4), which is 21 times more reactive than CO2 7.4% nitrous oxide (N2O), which is 310 times more reactive than CO2
FACTORS FOR CALCULATION OF GHG EMISSIONS Fuel Type Greenhouse Gases Fuel Type Greenhouse Gases (CO2 + CH4 + N2O) (CO2 + CH4 + N2O) Diesel
2.76 kg/litre
Gasoline
2.43 kg/litre
B2
2.71 kg/litre
E5
2.31 kg/litre
B5
2.64 kg/litre
E7
2.26 kg/litre
B20
2.26 kg/litre
E10
2.18 kg/litre
B100
0.28 kg/litre
E85
0.36 kg/litre
CNG
2.13 kg/m3
Propane
1.53 kg/litre
CNG
3.06 kg/kg
CALCULATING ANNUAL GHG EMISSIONS For diesel, gasoline, propane, and ethanol blends Annual GHG Emissions Example
=
= =
Annual Fuel Consumed x GHG Factor 1,000 5,515 litres x 2.43 (kg/litre for gasoline) 1,000 13.4 tonnes of GHGs per year
HOW BIG IS 1 TONNE OF GHG’s? > Just picture the size of a 2-storey home
FUEL USAGE BASELINE (5) Make/Model
Annual Usage
Fuel Type
Annual Fuel Consumed
Annual Fuel Cost
Baseline Fuel Consumption Rate
Baseline Annual GHG Emissions (tonnes)
Chevrolet Express
40,505 km
Gasoline
5,515 litres
$4,412
13.6 L/100 km
13.4
Ford E250 bi-fuel van
22,537 km
CNG Gasoline
847 kg 1,776 litres
$593 $1,421
Ford F150
23,571 km
Propane
7,580 litres
$4,548
32.2 L/100 km
11.6
Mack Dump – Summer
22,281 km
Diesel
15,294 litres
$12,235
68.6 L/100 km
42.2
Mack Dump – Winter
37,924 km
Diesel
29,731 litres
$24,498
78.4 L/100 km
82.1
John Deere Loader
1,020 hours
Diesel
4,284 litres
$3,427
4.2 L/hour
11.8
2.6 4.3
FLEET FUEL-USE BASELINE Fuel Type
Annual Fuel Consumed
576,234 km
Gasoline
8
141,074 km
Pickup Trucks
25
Heavy-Duty On-Road Off-Road
Vehicle Category
Fuel Cost
Fuel Consumption Rate
GHG Emissions (tonnes)
78,944 litres
$63,155
13.7 L/100 km
191.8
CNG Gasoline
6,776 kg 14,208 litres
$4,743 $11,366
578,565 km
Propane
165,469 litres
$99,281
28.6 L/100 km
253.2
16
447,368 km
Diesel
287,210 litres
$236,661
64.2 L/100 km
792.7
10
9,645 hours
Diesel
40,509 litres
$33,379
4.2 L/hour
111.8
79
1,743,241 kilometres 9,645 hrs
Gasoline Propane Diesel
93,152 L 165,489 L 327,719
$448,585
No. of Units
Annual Usage
Minivans
20
Full-Size Vans
Total
20.7 34.5
1,404.76 tonnes
PHASE 2 > INVESTIGATING OPTIONS Short-Term
>
Requires more sources of information
Early validation of technique
>
Longer payback
>
Usually involves more people
Usually no budget discussions
>
Can require changes to fleet policy
>
Easier to implement
>
Quicker payback
> >
Longer-Term
CALCULATIONS FOR OPTIONS >
Each option should include: Cost to implement Amount of fuel saved Fuel cost savings (based on a future price of fuel) GHG emissions savings Cost per tonne saved
SHORT-TERM – examples: Reduce Idle Time – develop program Introduce speed policy Evaluate Route optimization – eg: eliminate offroute kilometres Review vehicle utilization & personal vehicle use policy Review equipment P.M. programs – air filters, oil changes, ECM downloads Review tire pressure practices
LONG TERM – examples: Evaluate fuel purchasing practices & reporting; include fuel theft & implement policy & program Introduce driver / dispatch training & evaluation using ECM technology (or other) Introduce incentive programs Review life-cycle purchases of vehicles / leases Retro-fit with new technologies Enforcement practices
Real life exercise: Short Term Fleet: 9 Medium duty vehicles – 9 routes – 730 litres per day (x 290d =214,020 l per yr) Goal: reduce 5 l per day per route (x 290d = 13,050 ltr) Cost: Train 20 drivers for fuel efficiency 20 x $440 = $8,800 (one time fee) Fuel: 214,020 ltr p.yr @.95 = $203,319 Fuel saved: 13,050 ltr @ .95 = $12,397 Net after training: $3,597 – yr one
TRUCK IDLING What’s your fleet’s idling average? In Canada cost of idling 150,000 trucks per day Cost of 110 min
Cost of 25 min
1.83hr x 4 litres fuel = 7.32 ltrs x 150,000 trucks = 1,098,000 litres
.42hr x 4 litres fuel = 1.68 ltrs x 150,000 trucks = 252,000 litres
@ @$0 $0.95 .95 == $1,043,100.00 $1,043,100.00 3,052 tons GHG
@ $0.95 = $239,400.00 700 tons GHG
COSTS & SAVINGS > SHORT-TERM OPTION Reduce kilometres driven Cost to Implement:
>
$11,900 for a summer student to study trip planning and route optimization.
Fuel Savings and GHG Emissions Reductions:
>
Reduction in fuel consumed and associated GHG emissions for every kilometre reduced.
Other Benefits:
>
Less fuel used means less engine maintenance. Fewer kilometres travelled reduces wear and tear on drivetrain components. Better route planning would increase ‘on-site’ time.
> >
OPTION > REDUCE km DRIVEN Vehicle Category
Program Cost
Percent Decrease
Reduction Possible (km)
Fuel Type
Potential Fuel Saved
Fuel Savings
Tonnes GHGs Saved
Minivans
$1,630
4%
23,049
Gasoline
3,158 L
$2,684
7.7
Full-Size Vans
$533
2%
2,821
CNG Gasoline
135 kg 284 L
$101 $241
0.4 0.7
Pickup Trucks
$1,952
2%
11,571
Propane
3,309 L
$2,151
5.0
HeavyDuty OnRoad
$7,785
5%
22,368
Diesel
14,360 L
$12,206
39.6
Off-Road
$0
n.a.
0
Diesel
0
$0
0
59,809 km
Gasoline Propane Diesel
3,442 L 3,309 L 14,360 L
$17,383
53.4 tonnes
Total
$11,900
SUMMARY TABLE (SHORT-TERM OPTION) Option
Program Cost
Amount of Fuel Saved
Fuel-Cost Savings
GHG Emissions Savings
Cost per tonne of GHGs
Reduce km driven
$11,900
3,442 L gasoline 3,309 L propane 14,360 L diesel 135 kg CNG
$17,383
53.4 tonnes
-$102.68
Longer Term – vehicle review Truck # 1
Truck # 2
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Same model truck & engines, both with 650,000 km: Truck 2: Truck 1: Hours of service: 14,815 hours Hours of service: 6601 hours Driving time: 6370 hours Driving time: 6370 hours Idling time: 231 hours Idling time: 8445 hours % idling time:3.5% % idling time: 57% Fuel cost: $877.80 Fuel cost: $32,091 @ $0.95 per litre of diesel
LONGER-TERM >
Example: Install cab heaters in several of the heavy-duty on-road vehicles Idling represents 22% of engine-on time Cab heaters would allow drivers to shut down the main engine while waiting Reduction in idling will save on fuel use and engine maintenance
COSTS & SAVINGS > LONGER-TERM OPTION Reduce idling with cab/coolant heaters Cost to Implement:
>
$8,500 for the purchase and installation of cab/coolant heaters in 5 of the most heavily used Heavy-Duty On-Road vehicles.
Fuel Savings and GHG Emissions Reductions:
>
80% reduction in idling time in the fleet would result in a savings of approximately 3,366 litres of fuel and $ 2,861 per year. The GHG savings would be approximately 9.3 tonnes per year.
Other Benefits:
>
>
>
Reduction in engine maintenance and downtime. Extended rebuild intervals.
PREPARING TO WRITE AN ACTION PLAN You will need to 1.
List your options and costs/savings information
2.
Estimate the cost per tonne of GHGs saved
3.
Estimate the payback period
4.
Prioritize your options based on payback
5.
Decide which options to include in action plan
LIST YOUR OPTIONS Ex #
Option
1
Reduce kilometres driven Install cab/coolant heaters Purchase route optimization software Purchase satellite communication
2 3 4
Program Amount of Cost Fuel Saved Per Year (litres) $11,900 $8,500 $100,000 $35,000
Annual Annual Cost Per Payback (years) Fuel GHG Tonne Cost Savings of GHG Savings (tonnes) Saved
14,360 diesel 3,442 gasoline 3,309 propane 3,366 diesel
$17,383
53.4
$2,861
9.3
28,721 diesel 7,894 gasoline 16,547 propane 2,872 diesel 789 gasoline 1,655 propane
$41,878
123.7
$4,188
12.4
CALCULATING COST PER TONNE SAVED (ACTUAL FORMULA) T
CPT
Σ
((Ct – Bt ) / (1 + r t ))
t=0
T
Σ
Xt / (1 + r t )
t=0
Shows Cost per Tonne of GHG emissions saved where costs are discounted over the expected lifetime of the benefit.
CALCULATING COST PER TONNE SAVED (SIMPLE FORMULA) Example 1 > Reduce Kilometres Driven Cost per Tonne Saved Example
=
= =
Program Cost – Annual Fuel Cost Savings Annual GHG Emissions Savings (tonnes) $11,900 – $17,383 53.4 tonnes of GHG -$102.68 per tonne* of GHG
* A negative value for cost per tonne means the savings exceed the costs.
CALCULATING PAYBACK Example 1 > Reduce Kilometres Driven Payback (years) Example
=
=
=
Program Cost Annual Fuel Cost Savings $11,900 $17,383 0.7 years
PRIORITIZE YOUR OPTIONS Ex #
Option
Program Cost
1
Reduce kilometres driven Purchase route optimization software Install cab/coolant heaters Purchase satellite communication
$11,900
2 3 4
Amount of Fuel Saved Per Year (litres)
Annual Annual Cost Per Payback Fuel Cost GHG Tonne of (years) Savings Savings GHG (tonnes) Saved
14,360 diesel 3,442 gasoline 3,309 propane $100,000 28,721 diesel 7,894 gasoline 16,547 propane $8,500 3,366 diesel
$17,383
53.4
-$102.68
0.7
$41,878
123.7
$469.86
2.4
$2,861
9.3
$606.34
3.0
$35,000
$4,188
12.4
$2,484.84
8.4
2,872 diesel 789 gasoline 1,655 propane
Action Plan Table Issues and Challenges Driver/staff buy-in Effect on scheduling Union concerns Unproven technology New suppliers Changing the way you do business Technology costs Customer concerns
Action Plan Table Key Players Top management support Driver supervisors Maintenance technicians Dispatch/Sales Driver trainers Driver buy-in
Action Plan Table Tasks/Action Items Gather data, build performance baseline Customer expectations/feedback Determine products/suppliers/warranties Installation/training activities Transition scheduling Staff training Track performance
Action Plan Table Schedule & Responsibilities Time line for each action item Each action item is assigned to a specific person Estimate delivery and installation times Schedule performance summaries
IN SUMMARY WRITING AN ACTION PLAN Key Components > > > > > >
Title Page Background Information Current Situation & Policy Goals & Options Costs & Benefits Issues & Challenges
> > > > >
Key Players & Resources Action Items Schedule & Responsibilities Performance Measures & Targets Appendices
IN SUMMARY cont’d PRESENT ACTION PLAN >
Discuss anticipated achievements
>
Include prioritized options, tasks and an implementation schedule for each option
>
Indicate responsibilities for key players
>
Emphasize continuous monitoring
IN SUMMARY cont’d IMPLEMENT ACTION PLAN >
Proceed with initiatives outlined in the plan
>
Communicate with key players throughout the process
>
Update changes in actions, responsibilities, and schedules, and any decisions made by management
ANALYZE YOUR PERFORMANCE Good Fleet Management Practices include: 1 Measuring and Recording 2 Monitoring and Collecting 3 Reviewing and Analyzing 4 Reacting, Revising and Reporting
Questions?
Lynda Harvey - [email protected] or fax questions to 613-952-8169 Thank you
Energy use is a major factor Energy use contributes to:
Up to 90% of pollutants that cause smog 80% of greenhouse gases Energy contributions to Canadian emissions 100% 90% 80% 70% 60%
Other
50% 40%
Transportation
30% 20% 10% 0% GHGs
PM10
PM2.5
VOC Smog
NOx
SOx
Hg
Acid rain
Other includes residential w ood, commercial, industrial, petroleum refining,oil sands, upstream oil & gas and electric pow er generation
Consequences What are the consequences of transportation air emissions? Tailpipe emissions (CACs) vary by size of engine, fuel type, emission design level x number of vehicles x congestion GHG emissions vary by the use of carbon-based fuels by humans + GHG emissions produced by nature
SmartDriver Most important on-board technology
THE DRIVER
The investment in fuelefficient technology will not pay off if the driver is not trained to drive efficiently
Transit:
SmartDriver
System wide to date improvements are showing a 5 – 8% reduction in fuel consumption Improved job satisfaction Reduced hard braking therefore smoother ride for passengers, less brake wear Less stress on drivers Reduced personal injury claims
Program Results (averages) Benchmark Trip Fuel Used Fuel Rate Average Fuel Economy Time Distance Engine Load Max RPM Service Brake Acct Fuel Used 0> Fuel Economy >0 Average Speed Idle Percent
2nd Coached Trip 3.1 Litres 12.1 L per hr 44.57 L/100 km 0.2 km 7.2 km 25.27% 2162 32 2.91 Litres 40.71 L/100 km 28 km/h 12.35%
2.6 Litres 10.6 L per hr 39.29 L/100 km 0.2 km 7.2 km 30.91% 2086 26 2.51 Litres 34.82 L/100 km 29 km/h 9.35%
16% Reduction 12% Reduction
14% Reduction 14.5% Reduction 24% Reduction
Urban Truck Idling Cost of idling your trucks Idle 110 min/day 1.83 hour x 3 litres fuel = 5.5 litres per day x 250 days = 1,375 litres/yr @ $1.25 = $1,718.75/yr 3.8 tonnes GHG
Idle 25 min/day 0.42hr x 3 litres fuel = 1.26 litres per day x 250 days = 315 litres/yr @ $1.25 = $393.75/yr 0.87 tonnes GHG
$1,325 + 2.9 tonnes
Highway Truck Idling Cost of idling your trucks Idle 420 min/day 7 hours x 4 litres fuel = 28 litres per day x 250 days = 7,000 litres/yr
@ $1.25 = $8,750/yr 19.3 tonnes GHG
Idle 120 min/day 2 hours x 4 litres fuel = 8 litres per day x 250 days = 2,000 litres/yr
@ $1.25 = $2,500/yr 5.5 tonnes GHG
$6,250 + 13.8 tonnes
Used Trucks Truck # 1
Truck # 2
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Same model truck & engines, both with 650,000 km: Truck 1: Idling time: 8445 hours % idling time: 57%
& *
Truck 2: Idling time: 231 hours % idling time: 3.5%
Which truck would you buy?
Energy Efficiency Rebate 17,579 units installed = $7,904,669 8,800 cab heaters 2,500 coolant heaters 3,300 combo kits 2,600 APUs
If gov’t paid 20% of the purchase price, then industry invested $39,523,345 + installation and taxes
Hours of Use Cab heaters = 1021 hr x 4 litres = 4,084 litres/yr Coolant heaters = 584 hr x 4 litres = 2,336 litres/yr Combo kit – cab heater = 1329 hr x 4 litres = 5,316 litres/yr Combo kit – coolant heater = 398 hr x 4 litres = 1,592 litres/yr APUs = 1459 hr x 4 litres = 5,836 litres/yr
BUY-IN… > Misinformation & myths are prevalent and an impediment to the industry Informed drivers, technicians, dispatchers, managers are more likely to change their behaviour & share with family > High level of awareness is easing influencing change
SmartDriver
CO-BENEFITS Corporate: > >
Employee Retention Programs Creates funds for reinvestment via reduced fuel & maintenance costs extending purchase cycle
Social: > >
Improved corporate image Reduction in emissions
FUEL MANAGEMENT 101
Today’s Seminar A picture of Transportation in Canada Influence of Change How to ‘get going’ Fun with Formulas Some surprises Conclusion
Canada’s Fleet 18 million passenger cars, pickup trucks, light vans 615,000 trucks over 4,500 kg 321,000 medium duty (85% straight truck) 294,000 Class 8 (69% tractor-trailer) 3,000 motor coaches 33,640 school buses 23,200 transit buses ??,??? off-road equipment ?,??? motorcycles
The lay of the land…
o Sparse population density : 3 persons per km2 in contrast to 111 per km2 in France. o Great distances – 9 M km2 o 5061 kms, cities distributed along a southern strip o Extremes of temperature: -40 oC to +40 oC
Federal Programs Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada biofuels Environment Canada vehicle emissions, fuel quality
Industry Canada Supply Chain Logistics Transport Canada vehicle safety, freight rates, inter-modality Natural Resources Canada vehicle energy
GHG Emissions by Sector (2004) Solvent & Other Use 0.1%
Land-Use Change & Forestry 1.1% Agriculture Waste 7.3% 3.8%
Industrial Processes 7.2%
Electricity and Heat Generation & Fossil Fuel Industries 27.6% Construction, Mining & Manufacturing Industries 8.9%
Fugitive Sources 8.8%
Energy Sector 82.4%
Transportation 26.1%
Agriculture & Forestry 0.3%
Residential 5.7%
Commercial & Institutional 5.0%
GHG Emissions by Mode (2004)
Pipelines 5.7% Off-Road 9.2% Domestic Marine 2.9% Railways 3.1% Domestic Aviation 6.9%
Automobiles 37.1%
Light-Duty Trucks 30.3%
On-Road 72.1%
Others 0.8%
Heavy-Duty Vehicles 31.8%
What is FleetSmart A program at Natural Resources Canada to help commercial & municipal fleets reduce fuel consumption & emissions through improved energy efficient practices. Programs for on-road vehicles > Trucks – highway, forestry, urban > Bus – highway coach, transit, school buses > Urban – municipalities, utilities, light-duty fleets (ie. taxi, courier)
What is FleetSmart con’t SmartDriver family of driver training programs Fuel Management 101 Technology & Information: workshops, studies - eg: Long combination vehicle study, idling reduction toolkit, intercity truck fuel consumption benchmarking Funding Opportunity - $1 million to 50% funding for energy efficiency/emissions reduction projects US SmartWay Transport Partnership Truck Stop Idle Free – Quiet Zone Campaign
WHY BOTHER?
> Save $$ > Reduce emissions > Support government initiatives > Good management of a finite natural resource > Business Development
What is SmartWay Transport? • Voluntary partnership between EPA and the freight industry:
– Designed to create a demand for cleaner, more fuel efficient freight transportation Add environmental performance to the list of criteria used to hire
– Developed jointly by EPA and 15 Charter Partners – EPA interests: interests Reduced emissions (CO2, NOx, PM) and improved energy security – Freight industry interests: interests Reduced fuel consumption, public recognition, improved public image, driver retention – No fees to participate – Open to companies of all sizes
Marketing and Recognition EPA Creating Awareness
SmartWay growth… Freight Week 2009: Australia - September 9, 2009 o Why freight counts when it comes to the environment – Mick Bourke, Chairman, EPA Victoria o Saving fuel, saving the environment and saving money – launch of SmartWay in Australia • France: objectif CO2 -January 2009 • EU coalition: working to launch SmartWay platform in Europe, harmonizing freight programs with US & share data • Guangzhou, China: adopted SmartWay Partnership model & expansion planned • World Bank & Asian Development Bank – promotion of SmartWay sister programs in India, Singapore et al
WHY ARE WE DOING THIS? >
Why are we talking about a Fuel Management Plan? Fuel prices are volatile New emissions standards are changing the engines and their fuels The environmental impact of vehicles is a concern Fleet managers are being tasked to reduce fuel use There’s talk of emission caps and credit trading To be successful – a plan of action is required
Fuel Management 101 How do I build a fuel management plan? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
How do I start tracking fuel use? What information do I need? Where can I get that information? How do I analyze it? How do I cost my options? How do I decide which option is best?
PURPOSE OF WORKSHOP >
To provide you with a set of tools that will enable you to build a Fuel Management Plan for your fleet, tools such as: A data collection table used to gather fleet inventory information A sample data collection questionnaire A sample inventory spreadsheet A sample fuel-use baseline Formulae to calculate fuel & emissions information A sample, completed Fuel Management Plan
THE FOUR PHASES Systematic Approach Phase 1:
Create a Fleet Inventory Establish a Fuel Use Baseline
Phase 2:
Determine your Options Compare Costs with Benefits
Phase 3:
Create an Action Plan Present to Management Implement your Plan
Phase 4:
Analyze your Performance
MIXED FLEET
( read page 5)
Category
Examples
Minivans
Chevrolet Express, Dodge Caravan
20
Full-Size Vans
Ford E250, GMC Savana
8
Pickup Trucks
Dodge Ram, Ford F150
25
Heavy-Duty On-Road
Mack, International (incl. seasonal applications)
16
Off-Road
Backhoes, loaders, graders
10
Total
Number of Units
79
PART A > CREATE AN INVENTORY
>
This phase answers the questions: What information do I need? Where do I get it? How do I record it?
FLEET DATA COLLECTION TABLE Data Vehicle Identification & Category
Description Unique Identifier (i.e. Unit Number) Vehicle Category
ORGANIZED BY VEHICLE CATEGORY FOR ANALYSIS
Model Year Vehicle Tombstone Data
Make/Model Licence Plate Number Serial Number (V.I.N.) Engine (No. of cylinders & size) Fuel Type
Fuel Consumption Data
MUST CORRESPOND
Transmission Type City and Highway Fuel Efficiency Ratings Engine Year, Make & Model Horsepower Rating Actual Fuel Consumed (during the monitoring period)
Utilization Data
In-Service Date Odometer Readings and Dates (corresponds to Actual Fuel Consumed)
Department/Division/Group Physical Location Site Location Information Unique Departmental Billing Code
Light Vehicles
Heavy Vehicles
COLLECTING FLEET INFORMATION (1) Category
Description
Typical Vehicle Required to Perform Task
What vehicle would typically be required to perform this task? Has the most efficient vehicle been assigned to the task?
Capacity
Is vehicle being used to its maximum capacity in order to reduce the number of trips?
Unnecessary Engine Idling
What amount of time (per day) is attributed to unnecessary engine idling? (unnecessary = engine use not required)
COLLECTING FLEET INFORMATION (2) Category
Description
Task Description
What is the vehicle intended to be used for?
Driver Training
Have the drivers been trained to use the features found on this vehicle?
Unauthorized Use
Is there a policy regarding personal use of fleet vehicles? Are the vehicles being maintained as per the fleet spec? Has this vehicle been receiving regular maintenance?
Maintenance
Are there any patterns in maintenance or repair that would indicate a problem with the vehicle spec, our maintenance regime, the way the vehicle is driven or the way we are using the vehicle?
HOW TO MAKE AN INVENTORY >
A database or spreadsheet will allow you to: Record data in an organized manner Determine baseline energy performance for each vehicle and category of vehicle Recalculate easily Track your progress
MIXED FLEET > SAMPLE INVENTORY Make/Model
Current Odometer or Hours
Current Reading Date
Previous Previous Odometer Reading or Hours Date
Chevrolet Express
125,255 km
Jan 2007
94,876 km
Ford E250 bi-fuel
51,657 km
Sep 2006
Ford F150
76,331 km
Mack Dump – Summer Mack Dump – Winter John Deere Loader
Fuel Type
Fuel Used*
Apr 2006
Gasoline
4,136 L
32,876 km
Nov 2005
CNG Gasoline
706 kg 1,480 L
Oct 2006
58,653 km
Jan 2006
Propane
5,685 L
53,709 km
Nov 2006
31,428 km
Mar 2006
Diesel
15,294 L
91,633 km
Feb 2007
53,709 km
Nov 2006
Diesel
29,731 L
7,616 hr
Nov 2006
6,936 hr
Mar 2006
Diesel
2,856 L
* Fuel Used is the fuel consumed between the odometer reading dates.
ESTABLISH A FUEL-USE BASELINE >
What is a Fuel-Use Baseline and how is it calculated?
>
During this Part we will Build on the inventory Record the fuel consumed & fuel consumption rate for each vehicle Determine greenhouse gas emissions Provide a baseline for fuel efficiency Provide data for utilization rates
SAMPLE FUEL-USE BASELINE Annual Kilometres Driven
Fuel Type
Annual Fuel Consumed
Annual Fuel Cost
Baseline Fuel Consumption Rate Litres/100 km (MPG)
Baseline Annual GHG Emissions (tonnes)
‘ANNUALIZE’ km DRIVEN (OR ENGINE HOURS) Current Odometer (km) – Previous Odometer (km) Annual km x 12 months = Driven Current Month – Previous Month
Example
=
=
125,255 km – 94,876 km Jan 2007 – Apr 2006 30,379 km 9 months
x 12 months
= 40,505 km/year
x 12 months
‘ANNUALIZE’ FUEL CONSUMED Actual Fuel Used (litres, kilograms, cubic metres) Annual Fuel x 12 months = Consumed Current Month – Previous Month
Example
= =
4,136 litres Jan 2007 – Apr 2006 4,136 litres 9 months
x 12 months
= 5,515 litres/year
x 12 months
AVERAGE FUEL PRICE >
To build a Fuel-Use Baseline for past activity, we need an average price per litre for fuel used.
>
Base your average on fuel receipts you have for the last 6 months or so for each fuel type.
ANNUAL FUEL COST
Annual Fuel Cost
=
Annual Fuel Used x Unit Price of Fuel
=
5,155 litres x $0.80 per litre
=
$4,412 per year
CALCULATING FUEL CONSUMPTION RATE (1) For diesel, bio-diesel, gasoline, propane & ethanol blends
Fuel Consumption Rate Example
=
= =
Annual Fuel Consumed (L) Annual km Driven 5,515 L 40,505 km
x 100 km
13.6 L/100 km
x 100 km
CALCULATING FUEL CONSUMPTION RATE (2) For compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Consumption Rate
=
Example
= =
Annual Fuel Consumed (kg or m3) Annual km Driven 847 kg 9,234 km
x 100 km
x 100 km
9.2 kg/100 km
* This example is for a mono-fuel vehicle not described previously.
CONVERTING ‘CONSUMPTION’ TO ‘ECONOMY’ To convert L/100 km to miles per Canadian gallon, use the formula: MPGcan = 282.48 L/100 km
To convert L/100 km to miles per U.S. gallon, use the formula: MPGus = 235.21 L/100 km
FUEL-USE BASELINE (4) Make/Model
Annual Usage
Fuel Type
Annual Fuel Consumed
Annual Fuel Cost
Baseline Fuel Consumption Rate
Chevrolet Express
40,505 km
Gasoline
5,515 litres
$4,412
13.6 L/100 km
Ford E250 bi-fuel van Ford F150 Mack Dump – Summer Mack Dump – Winter John Deere Loader
Baseline Annual GHG Emissions (tonnes)
WHAT ARE GHG EMISSIONS? >
Greenhouse gases are 78.9% carbon dioxide (CO2) 12.4% methane (CH4), which is 21 times more reactive than CO2 7.4% nitrous oxide (N2O), which is 310 times more reactive than CO2
FACTORS FOR CALCULATION OF GHG EMISSIONS Fuel Type Greenhouse Gases Fuel Type Greenhouse Gases (CO2 + CH4 + N2O) (CO2 + CH4 + N2O) Diesel
2.76 kg/litre
Gasoline
2.43 kg/litre
B2
2.71 kg/litre
E5
2.31 kg/litre
B5
2.64 kg/litre
E7
2.26 kg/litre
B20
2.26 kg/litre
E10
2.18 kg/litre
B100
0.28 kg/litre
E85
0.36 kg/litre
CNG
2.13 kg/m3
Propane
1.53 kg/litre
CNG
3.06 kg/kg
CALCULATING ANNUAL GHG EMISSIONS For diesel, gasoline, propane, and ethanol blends Annual GHG Emissions Example
=
= =
Annual Fuel Consumed x GHG Factor 1,000 5,515 litres x 2.43 (kg/litre for gasoline) 1,000 13.4 tonnes of GHGs per year
HOW BIG IS 1 TONNE OF GHG’s? > Just picture the size of a 2-storey home
FUEL USAGE BASELINE (5) Make/Model
Annual Usage
Fuel Type
Annual Fuel Consumed
Annual Fuel Cost
Baseline Fuel Consumption Rate
Baseline Annual GHG Emissions (tonnes)
Chevrolet Express
40,505 km
Gasoline
5,515 litres
$4,412
13.6 L/100 km
13.4
Ford E250 bi-fuel van
22,537 km
CNG Gasoline
847 kg 1,776 litres
$593 $1,421
Ford F150
23,571 km
Propane
7,580 litres
$4,548
32.2 L/100 km
11.6
Mack Dump – Summer
22,281 km
Diesel
15,294 litres
$12,235
68.6 L/100 km
42.2
Mack Dump – Winter
37,924 km
Diesel
29,731 litres
$24,498
78.4 L/100 km
82.1
John Deere Loader
1,020 hours
Diesel
4,284 litres
$3,427
4.2 L/hour
11.8
2.6 4.3
FLEET FUEL-USE BASELINE Fuel Type
Annual Fuel Consumed
576,234 km
Gasoline
8
141,074 km
Pickup Trucks
25
Heavy-Duty On-Road Off-Road
Vehicle Category
Fuel Cost
Fuel Consumption Rate
GHG Emissions (tonnes)
78,944 litres
$63,155
13.7 L/100 km
191.8
CNG Gasoline
6,776 kg 14,208 litres
$4,743 $11,366
578,565 km
Propane
165,469 litres
$99,281
28.6 L/100 km
253.2
16
447,368 km
Diesel
287,210 litres
$236,661
64.2 L/100 km
792.7
10
9,645 hours
Diesel
40,509 litres
$33,379
4.2 L/hour
111.8
79
1,743,241 kilometres 9,645 hrs
Gasoline Propane Diesel
93,152 L 165,489 L 327,719
$448,585
No. of Units
Annual Usage
Minivans
20
Full-Size Vans
Total
20.7 34.5
1,404.76 tonnes
PHASE 2 > INVESTIGATING OPTIONS Short-Term
>
Requires more sources of information
Early validation of technique
>
Longer payback
>
Usually involves more people
Usually no budget discussions
>
Can require changes to fleet policy
>
Easier to implement
>
Quicker payback
> >
Longer-Term
CALCULATIONS FOR OPTIONS >
Each option should include: Cost to implement Amount of fuel saved Fuel cost savings (based on a future price of fuel) GHG emissions savings Cost per tonne saved
SHORT-TERM – examples: Reduce Idle Time – develop program Introduce speed policy Evaluate Route optimization – eg: eliminate offroute kilometres Review vehicle utilization & personal vehicle use policy Review equipment P.M. programs – air filters, oil changes, ECM downloads Review tire pressure practices
LONG TERM – examples: Evaluate fuel purchasing practices & reporting; include fuel theft & implement policy & program Introduce driver / dispatch training & evaluation using ECM technology (or other) Introduce incentive programs Review life-cycle purchases of vehicles / leases Retro-fit with new technologies Enforcement practices
Real life exercise: Short Term Fleet: 9 Medium duty vehicles – 9 routes – 730 litres per day (x 290d =214,020 l per yr) Goal: reduce 5 l per day per route (x 290d = 13,050 ltr) Cost: Train 20 drivers for fuel efficiency 20 x $440 = $8,800 (one time fee) Fuel: 214,020 ltr p.yr @.95 = $203,319 Fuel saved: 13,050 ltr @ .95 = $12,397 Net after training: $3,597 – yr one
TRUCK IDLING What’s your fleet’s idling average? In Canada cost of idling 150,000 trucks per day Cost of 110 min
Cost of 25 min
1.83hr x 4 litres fuel = 7.32 ltrs x 150,000 trucks = 1,098,000 litres
.42hr x 4 litres fuel = 1.68 ltrs x 150,000 trucks = 252,000 litres
@ @$0 $0.95 .95 == $1,043,100.00 $1,043,100.00 3,052 tons GHG
@ $0.95 = $239,400.00 700 tons GHG
COSTS & SAVINGS > SHORT-TERM OPTION Reduce kilometres driven Cost to Implement:
>
$11,900 for a summer student to study trip planning and route optimization.
Fuel Savings and GHG Emissions Reductions:
>
Reduction in fuel consumed and associated GHG emissions for every kilometre reduced.
Other Benefits:
>
Less fuel used means less engine maintenance. Fewer kilometres travelled reduces wear and tear on drivetrain components. Better route planning would increase ‘on-site’ time.
> >
OPTION > REDUCE km DRIVEN Vehicle Category
Program Cost
Percent Decrease
Reduction Possible (km)
Fuel Type
Potential Fuel Saved
Fuel Savings
Tonnes GHGs Saved
Minivans
$1,630
4%
23,049
Gasoline
3,158 L
$2,684
7.7
Full-Size Vans
$533
2%
2,821
CNG Gasoline
135 kg 284 L
$101 $241
0.4 0.7
Pickup Trucks
$1,952
2%
11,571
Propane
3,309 L
$2,151
5.0
HeavyDuty OnRoad
$7,785
5%
22,368
Diesel
14,360 L
$12,206
39.6
Off-Road
$0
n.a.
0
Diesel
0
$0
0
59,809 km
Gasoline Propane Diesel
3,442 L 3,309 L 14,360 L
$17,383
53.4 tonnes
Total
$11,900
SUMMARY TABLE (SHORT-TERM OPTION) Option
Program Cost
Amount of Fuel Saved
Fuel-Cost Savings
GHG Emissions Savings
Cost per tonne of GHGs
Reduce km driven
$11,900
3,442 L gasoline 3,309 L propane 14,360 L diesel 135 kg CNG
$17,383
53.4 tonnes
-$102.68
Longer Term – vehicle review Truck # 1
Truck # 2
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Same model truck & engines, both with 650,000 km: Truck 2: Truck 1: Hours of service: 14,815 hours Hours of service: 6601 hours Driving time: 6370 hours Driving time: 6370 hours Idling time: 231 hours Idling time: 8445 hours % idling time:3.5% % idling time: 57% Fuel cost: $877.80 Fuel cost: $32,091 @ $0.95 per litre of diesel
LONGER-TERM >
Example: Install cab heaters in several of the heavy-duty on-road vehicles Idling represents 22% of engine-on time Cab heaters would allow drivers to shut down the main engine while waiting Reduction in idling will save on fuel use and engine maintenance
COSTS & SAVINGS > LONGER-TERM OPTION Reduce idling with cab/coolant heaters Cost to Implement:
>
$8,500 for the purchase and installation of cab/coolant heaters in 5 of the most heavily used Heavy-Duty On-Road vehicles.
Fuel Savings and GHG Emissions Reductions:
>
80% reduction in idling time in the fleet would result in a savings of approximately 3,366 litres of fuel and $ 2,861 per year. The GHG savings would be approximately 9.3 tonnes per year.
Other Benefits:
>
>
>
Reduction in engine maintenance and downtime. Extended rebuild intervals.
PREPARING TO WRITE AN ACTION PLAN You will need to 1.
List your options and costs/savings information
2.
Estimate the cost per tonne of GHGs saved
3.
Estimate the payback period
4.
Prioritize your options based on payback
5.
Decide which options to include in action plan
LIST YOUR OPTIONS Ex #
Option
1
Reduce kilometres driven Install cab/coolant heaters Purchase route optimization software Purchase satellite communication
2 3 4
Program Amount of Cost Fuel Saved Per Year (litres) $11,900 $8,500 $100,000 $35,000
Annual Annual Cost Per Payback (years) Fuel GHG Tonne Cost Savings of GHG Savings (tonnes) Saved
14,360 diesel 3,442 gasoline 3,309 propane 3,366 diesel
$17,383
53.4
$2,861
9.3
28,721 diesel 7,894 gasoline 16,547 propane 2,872 diesel 789 gasoline 1,655 propane
$41,878
123.7
$4,188
12.4
CALCULATING COST PER TONNE SAVED (ACTUAL FORMULA) T
CPT
Σ
((Ct – Bt ) / (1 + r t ))
t=0
T
Σ
Xt / (1 + r t )
t=0
Shows Cost per Tonne of GHG emissions saved where costs are discounted over the expected lifetime of the benefit.
CALCULATING COST PER TONNE SAVED (SIMPLE FORMULA) Example 1 > Reduce Kilometres Driven Cost per Tonne Saved Example
=
= =
Program Cost – Annual Fuel Cost Savings Annual GHG Emissions Savings (tonnes) $11,900 – $17,383 53.4 tonnes of GHG -$102.68 per tonne* of GHG
* A negative value for cost per tonne means the savings exceed the costs.
CALCULATING PAYBACK Example 1 > Reduce Kilometres Driven Payback (years) Example
=
=
=
Program Cost Annual Fuel Cost Savings $11,900 $17,383 0.7 years
PRIORITIZE YOUR OPTIONS Ex #
Option
Program Cost
1
Reduce kilometres driven Purchase route optimization software Install cab/coolant heaters Purchase satellite communication
$11,900
2 3 4
Amount of Fuel Saved Per Year (litres)
Annual Annual Cost Per Payback Fuel Cost GHG Tonne of (years) Savings Savings GHG (tonnes) Saved
14,360 diesel 3,442 gasoline 3,309 propane $100,000 28,721 diesel 7,894 gasoline 16,547 propane $8,500 3,366 diesel
$17,383
53.4
-$102.68
0.7
$41,878
123.7
$469.86
2.4
$2,861
9.3
$606.34
3.0
$35,000
$4,188
12.4
$2,484.84
8.4
2,872 diesel 789 gasoline 1,655 propane
Action Plan Table Issues and Challenges Driver/staff buy-in Effect on scheduling Union concerns Unproven technology New suppliers Changing the way you do business Technology costs Customer concerns
Action Plan Table Key Players Top management support Driver supervisors Maintenance technicians Dispatch/Sales Driver trainers Driver buy-in
Action Plan Table Tasks/Action Items Gather data, build performance baseline Customer expectations/feedback Determine products/suppliers/warranties Installation/training activities Transition scheduling Staff training Track performance
Action Plan Table Schedule & Responsibilities Time line for each action item Each action item is assigned to a specific person Estimate delivery and installation times Schedule performance summaries
IN SUMMARY WRITING AN ACTION PLAN Key Components > > > > > >
Title Page Background Information Current Situation & Policy Goals & Options Costs & Benefits Issues & Challenges
> > > > >
Key Players & Resources Action Items Schedule & Responsibilities Performance Measures & Targets Appendices
IN SUMMARY cont’d PRESENT ACTION PLAN >
Discuss anticipated achievements
>
Include prioritized options, tasks and an implementation schedule for each option
>
Indicate responsibilities for key players
>
Emphasize continuous monitoring
IN SUMMARY cont’d IMPLEMENT ACTION PLAN >
Proceed with initiatives outlined in the plan
>
Communicate with key players throughout the process
>
Update changes in actions, responsibilities, and schedules, and any decisions made by management
ANALYZE YOUR PERFORMANCE Good Fleet Management Practices include: 1 Measuring and Recording 2 Monitoring and Collecting 3 Reviewing and Analyzing 4 Reacting, Revising and Reporting
Questions?
Lynda Harvey - [email protected] or fax questions to 613-952-8169 Thank you
Energy use is a major factor Energy use contributes to:
Up to 90% of pollutants that cause smog 80% of greenhouse gases Energy contributions to Canadian emissions 100% 90% 80% 70% 60%
Other
50% 40%
Transportation
30% 20% 10% 0% GHGs
PM10
PM2.5
VOC Smog
NOx
SOx
Hg
Acid rain
Other includes residential w ood, commercial, industrial, petroleum refining,oil sands, upstream oil & gas and electric pow er generation
Consequences What are the consequences of transportation air emissions? Tailpipe emissions (CACs) vary by size of engine, fuel type, emission design level x number of vehicles x congestion GHG emissions vary by the use of carbon-based fuels by humans + GHG emissions produced by nature
SmartDriver Most important on-board technology
THE DRIVER
The investment in fuelefficient technology will not pay off if the driver is not trained to drive efficiently
Transit:
SmartDriver
System wide to date improvements are showing a 5 – 8% reduction in fuel consumption Improved job satisfaction Reduced hard braking therefore smoother ride for passengers, less brake wear Less stress on drivers Reduced personal injury claims
Program Results (averages) Benchmark Trip Fuel Used Fuel Rate Average Fuel Economy Time Distance Engine Load Max RPM Service Brake Acct Fuel Used 0> Fuel Economy >0 Average Speed Idle Percent
2nd Coached Trip 3.1 Litres 12.1 L per hr 44.57 L/100 km 0.2 km 7.2 km 25.27% 2162 32 2.91 Litres 40.71 L/100 km 28 km/h 12.35%
2.6 Litres 10.6 L per hr 39.29 L/100 km 0.2 km 7.2 km 30.91% 2086 26 2.51 Litres 34.82 L/100 km 29 km/h 9.35%
16% Reduction 12% Reduction
14% Reduction 14.5% Reduction 24% Reduction
Urban Truck Idling Cost of idling your trucks Idle 110 min/day 1.83 hour x 3 litres fuel = 5.5 litres per day x 250 days = 1,375 litres/yr @ $1.25 = $1,718.75/yr 3.8 tonnes GHG
Idle 25 min/day 0.42hr x 3 litres fuel = 1.26 litres per day x 250 days = 315 litres/yr @ $1.25 = $393.75/yr 0.87 tonnes GHG
$1,325 + 2.9 tonnes
Highway Truck Idling Cost of idling your trucks Idle 420 min/day 7 hours x 4 litres fuel = 28 litres per day x 250 days = 7,000 litres/yr
@ $1.25 = $8,750/yr 19.3 tonnes GHG
Idle 120 min/day 2 hours x 4 litres fuel = 8 litres per day x 250 days = 2,000 litres/yr
@ $1.25 = $2,500/yr 5.5 tonnes GHG
$6,250 + 13.8 tonnes
Used Trucks Truck # 1
Truck # 2
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Same model truck & engines, both with 650,000 km: Truck 1: Idling time: 8445 hours % idling time: 57%
& *
Truck 2: Idling time: 231 hours % idling time: 3.5%
Which truck would you buy?
Energy Efficiency Rebate 17,579 units installed = $7,904,669 8,800 cab heaters 2,500 coolant heaters 3,300 combo kits 2,600 APUs
If gov’t paid 20% of the purchase price, then industry invested $39,523,345 + installation and taxes
Hours of Use Cab heaters = 1021 hr x 4 litres = 4,084 litres/yr Coolant heaters = 584 hr x 4 litres = 2,336 litres/yr Combo kit – cab heater = 1329 hr x 4 litres = 5,316 litres/yr Combo kit – coolant heater = 398 hr x 4 litres = 1,592 litres/yr APUs = 1459 hr x 4 litres = 5,836 litres/yr
BUY-IN… > Misinformation & myths are prevalent and an impediment to the industry Informed drivers, technicians, dispatchers, managers are more likely to change their behaviour & share with family > High level of awareness is easing influencing change
SmartDriver
CO-BENEFITS Corporate: > >
Employee Retention Programs Creates funds for reinvestment via reduced fuel & maintenance costs extending purchase cycle
Social: > >
Improved corporate image Reduction in emissions
