Mapping Composition for Matching Large Life Science Ontologies
,&%2 ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ%LRPHGLFDO2QWRORJ\ -XO\ā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¶)#$),· DQG9:;0001083P 456/573378& H[DFWPDWFKRI¶51'?@A#@BA)· K&701& /)?A):#4#)"& )8& 401:1& 4N)& /)((1:A)"=1"/1:& (1:524:& #"& 401& "1N& /)((1:A)"=1"/1& M14N11"& -./0001231&%"=&456/573378K&&
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
!"#$%&'()'!"#$"%&'&"()"*)+",,-%$"(.-(+-%)/&0)0()12-,"()+"(+-$''
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x
I*! %/#%#&*! -! 8#$%#&','#(E@-&*9! #(,#0#)3! $-,87'()! -%%/#-87! 17'87! /*2&*&! %/*C'#2&03!9*,*/$'(*9!$-%%'()&!1',7!#(*! #/!$20,'%0*!'(,*/$*9'-,*!#(,#0#)'*&4!
x
K2/!-%%/#-87!'&!@-&*9!#(!%#1*/.20!#(,#0#)3! -(9! $-%%'()! #%*/-,#/&! &287! -&! 8#$%#&*6! $-,87! -(9! *+,/-8,4! H7*! -%%/#-87! -0&#! &2%%#/,&! -(! '(8/*$*(,-0! *+,*(&'#(! #.! 8#$%#&*9! $-%%'()&! .#/! '$%/#C*9! $-,87! B2-0',34!
x
I*!*C-02-,*!,7*!-%%/#-87!@3!9*,*/$'('()! #(,#0#)3! $-%%'()&! @*,1**(! ,7*! -(-,#$3! #(,#0#)'*&! LM! -(9! N"OH! 2,'0'P'()! 0-/)*! '(,*/$*9'-,*! #(,#0#)'*&! &287! -&! QLRA6! 5LM6! Q@*/#(! -(9! S-9R*+4! H7*! /*&20,&! 9*$#(&,/-,*! ,7*! 7')7! *..*8,'C*(*&&! -(9! *..'8'*(83! #.! 8#$%#&','#(E@-&*9! #(,#0#)3!
$-,87'()4! O(! A*84! =6! 1*! '(,/#928*! #2/! #(,#0#)3T$-%%'()! $#9*0! -(9! 9'&82&&! ,7*! #(,#0#)3! $-,87'()! %/#8*&&4! A*84! U! 9*.'(*&! ,7*! #%*/-,#/&! -(9! &7#1&! ,7*'/! 2&*! 1',7'(! #2/! 8#$%#&','#(E@-&*9! $-,87! -%%/#-874! I*! *C-02-,*! ,7*! -%%/#-87! '(! A*84! V4! M.,*/! -! 9'&82&&'#(! #.! /*0-,*9! 1#/D! FA*84! WG6! 1*! &2$$-/'P*!-(9!#2,0'(*!%#&&'@0*!.2,2/*!1#/D4!
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¶OXQJ· LVBD ¶RUJDQ· WR UHSUHVHQW &%*8'-0'P-,'#(! /*0-,'#(&7'%&! #/! %-/,Z#.! F*4)46! ¶OHIW OXQJ· SDUWBRI ¶OXQJ·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
! ! !
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`Y_+' #)%)' $1#/' #-$%",%3#&$%' 2-$2.2*0' !&--2$' 6"25#3%' !2""%/62-3%-!%/' :2"' ,2/$' !2-!%6$/)' @1%' ;ML' ,&66#-*/' 1&5%' 2-.0' ,%3#8,' !25%"&*%' 62$%-$#&..0' #-:.8%-!%3' 90' "%.&$#5%.0' :%>' -&,%/' &-3' /0-2-0,/' 6%"' !2-!%6$' (@&9.%' I&4' .#,#$#-*' $1%' R8&.#$0' 2:' .#-*8#/$#!' ,&$!1#-*)' a0' !2-$"&/$+' T9%"2-' #/' &' 6"2,#/#-*' #-$%",%3#&$%' 2-$2.2*0' 38%' $2' #$/' 1#*1' ]J&,%X0-' 5&.8%)' b%' *%-%"&..0' %=6%!$' 2-$2.2*#%/' 6"25#3#-*' ,&-0' /0-2-0,' $%",/' $2' 9%' &3%R8&$%' #-$%",%3#&$%' 2-$2.2*#%/' >)")$)' .#-*8#/$#!',&$!1#-*)' 'L66.0#-*' &2)&34'()!*' 3%$%",#-%/' $1%' $>2' Ʀ72-$2.2*#%/B' Ʀ+, ^GH` Ʀ+-HD3+:E' (.#-%' I7%-505%&?"(-#)' %&0%7%82' 6(04.5&8' 3%$' 39$0.#$' )%6(5&-:' @#' (7-%' /(&0' 0%' -09)2' 0.#' 56>(40'%3'4%&-5)#$5&8'())505%&(7'6(>>5&8-='#:8:' )#0#$65&#)' "2' -0$9409$(7' 6(04.5&8' %$' #A5-05&8' 6(>>5&8-' 3$%6' B5%C%$0(7:' D9$0.#$6%$#=' /#' /(&0' 0%' 5&1#-058(0#' /.#&' 50' 4%97)' "#' 9-#397' 0%' 4%6>%-#' 6%$#' 0.(&' 0/%' 6(>>5&8-' /50.5&' 7%&8#$'6(>>5&8'4.(5&-:'
PU:' d#(&?*($2=' f:G:=' ,.5$%&%-.50(=' ^:C:=' W("9%-596'%&'B5%4%6>905&8'HU[[]J' Pb:' +(6"$5A=' C:=' E(&=' Y:R' ,K*B`' ?' K' -2-0#6' 3%$' (758&5&8' (&)' 6#$85&8' "5%6#)54(7' %&0%7%85#-:' d%9$&(7'%3'@#"',#6(&054-'LH]J='PM\?U[\'HU[[\J'
!"#$%&'()*+($,-. E.5-' /%$>%$0#)' "2' 0.#' F#$6(&' G#-#($4.' D%9&)(05%&'HIDFJ='8$(&0'GK'LMNOPQ? ´(YROXWLRQRI2QWRORJLHVDQG0DSSLQJVµ '
P\:' +(6"$5A='C:='E(&='Y:='d(ROO%(#5:%&0%7%826(04.5&8:%$8'
L:' B#$&-0#5&='C:K:='*#7&5>$%(4.#-' 0%' (90%6(054' -4.#6(' 6(04.5&8:' X+IB'd%9$&(7'P[HLJ=']]L?]b['HU[[PJ'
b:' B%)#&$#5)#$=' `:=' ,0#1#&-=' G:R' B5%?%&0%7%85#-R' 49$$#&0' 0$#&)-' (&)' 3909$#' )5$#405%&-:' B$5#35&8-' 5&'B5%5&3%$6(054-'NH]J='Ub\?UNL'HU[[\J'
UL:' E%$)(5='K:'#0'(7:R'+%-0'5&'E$(&-7(05%&i'^6>5$54(7' K&(72-5-' %3' *(>>5&8' _%6>%-505%&-' 3%$' +($8#' `&0%7%85#-:' C$%4:' `&0%7%82' *(04.5&8' @%$' e';,@_'HU[P[J'
\:' I%=' Y:Y:' (&)' G(.6=' ^:R' _`*KR' (' -2-0#6' 3%$' 37#A5"7#' 4%6"5&(05%&' %3' -4.#6(' 6(04.5&8' (>>$%(4.#-:'C$%4:'X+IB'HU[[UJ' N:' ^9c#&(0=' d:=' ,.1(5$5&8#$'HU[[NJ'
Ub:' !"#$'K&(0%62'`&0%7%82R'.00>ROO%"%3%9&)$2:%$8O' /5.>O!B^G`ZR*(5&TC(8#'
Q:' D%9&)(05%&(7'*%)#7'%3'K&(0%62R' .00>ROO-58:"5%-0$:/(-.5&80%&:#)9O>$%S#40-O36O'
U\:' !&535#)'*#)54(7'+(&89(8#',2-0#6R' .00>ROO///:&76:&5.:8%1O$#-#($4.O967-'
M:' F.(c15&5(&=' K:=' Z%2=' Z:D:=' *9-#&=' *:K:R' _$#(05&8' 6(>>5&8-' 3%$' %&0%7%85#-' 5&' "5%6#)545&#R',56>7#'6#0.%)-'/%$%-596'HU[[MJ'
UN:' V.(&8=' ,:=' B%)#&$#5)#$=' `:R' K758&6#&0' %3' 69705>7#' %&0%7%85#-' %3' (&(0%62R' I#$515&8' 5&)5$#40' 6(>>5&8-' 3$%6' )5$#40' 6(>>5&8-' 0%' (' $#3#$#&4#:'K*;K'K&&9(7',26>%-596'HU[[bJ'
P[:' F$%--=' K:=' Y($09&8=' *:=' W5$-0#&=' E:=' G(.6=' ^:R' `&' *(04.5&8' +($8#' +53#' ,45#&4#' `&0%7%85#-' 5&' C($(77#7:' C$%4:' I(0(' ;&0#8$(05%&' 5&' 0.#' +53#' ,45#&4#-'HU[P[J'
UQ:' V.(&8=' ,:=' B%)#&$#5)#$=' `:R' ^A>#$5#&4#' 5&' (758&5&8' (&(0%654(7' %&0%7%85#-:' ,#6(&054' @#"' (&)'5&3%$6(05%&'-2-0#6-']HUJ='P?U\'HU[[NJ'
PP:' d(
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
!"#$%&'()'!"#$"%&'&"()"*)+",,-%$"(.-(+-%)/&0)0()12-,"()+"(+-$''
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x
I*! %/#%#&*! -! 8#$%#&','#(E@-&*9! #(,#0#)3! $-,87'()! -%%/#-87! 17'87! /*2&*&! %/*C'#2&03!9*,*/$'(*9!$-%%'()&!1',7!#(*! #/!$20,'%0*!'(,*/$*9'-,*!#(,#0#)'*&4!
x
K2/!-%%/#-87!'&!@-&*9!#(!%#1*/.20!#(,#0#)3! -(9! $-%%'()! #%*/-,#/&! &287! -&! 8#$%#&*6! $-,87! -(9! *+,/-8,4! H7*! -%%/#-87! -0&#! &2%%#/,&! -(! '(8/*$*(,-0! *+,*(&'#(! #.! 8#$%#&*9! $-%%'()&! .#/! '$%/#C*9! $-,87! B2-0',34!
x
I*!*C-02-,*!,7*!-%%/#-87!@3!9*,*/$'('()! #(,#0#)3! $-%%'()&! @*,1**(! ,7*! -(-,#$3! #(,#0#)'*&! LM! -(9! N"OH! 2,'0'P'()! 0-/)*! '(,*/$*9'-,*! #(,#0#)'*&! &287! -&! QLRA6! 5LM6! Q@*/#(! -(9! S-9R*+4! H7*! /*&20,&! 9*$#(&,/-,*! ,7*! 7')7! *..*8,'C*(*&&! -(9! *..'8'*(83! #.! 8#$%#&','#(E@-&*9! #(,#0#)3!
$-,87'()4! O(! A*84! =6! 1*! '(,/#928*! #2/! #(,#0#)3T$-%%'()! $#9*0! -(9! 9'&82&&! ,7*! #(,#0#)3! $-,87'()! %/#8*&&4! A*84! U! 9*.'(*&! ,7*! #%*/-,#/&! -(9! &7#1&! ,7*'/! 2&*! 1',7'(! #2/! 8#$%#&','#(E@-&*9! $-,87! -%%/#-874! I*! *C-02-,*! ,7*! -%%/#-87! '(! A*84! V4! M.,*/! -! 9'&82&&'#(! #.! /*0-,*9! 1#/D! FA*84! WG6! 1*! &2$$-/'P*!-(9!#2,0'(*!%#&&'@0*!.2,2/*!1#/D4!
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¶OXQJ· LVBD ¶RUJDQ· WR UHSUHVHQW &%*8'-0'P-,'#(! /*0-,'#(&7'%&! #/! %-/,Z#.! F*4)46! ¶OHIW OXQJ· SDUWBRI ¶OXQJ·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
! ! !
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`Y_+' #)%)' $1#/' #-$%",%3#&$%' 2-$2.2*0' !&--2$' 6"25#3%' !2""%/62-3%-!%/' :2"' ,2/$' !2-!%6$/)' @1%' ;ML' ,&66#-*/' 1&5%' 2-.0' ,%3#8,' !25%"&*%' 62$%-$#&..0' #-:.8%-!%3' 90' "%.&$#5%.0' :%>' -&,%/' &-3' /0-2-0,/' 6%"' !2-!%6$' (@&9.%' I&4' .#,#$#-*' $1%' R8&.#$0' 2:' .#-*8#/$#!' ,&$!1#-*)' a0' !2-$"&/$+' T9%"2-' #/' &' 6"2,#/#-*' #-$%",%3#&$%' 2-$2.2*0' 38%' $2' #$/' 1#*1' ]J&,%X0-' 5&.8%)' b%' *%-%"&..0' %=6%!$' 2-$2.2*#%/' 6"25#3#-*' ,&-0' /0-2-0,' $%",/' $2' 9%' &3%R8&$%' #-$%",%3#&$%' 2-$2.2*#%/' >)")$)' .#-*8#/$#!',&$!1#-*)' 'L66.0#-*' &2)&34'()!*' 3%$%",#-%/' $1%' $>2' Ʀ72-$2.2*#%/B' Ʀ+, ^GH` Ʀ+-HD3+:E' (.#-%' I7%-505%&?"(-#)' %&0%7%82' 6(04.5&8' 3%$' 39$0.#$' )%6(5&-:' @#' (7-%' /(&0' 0%' -09)2' 0.#' 56>(40'%3'4%&-5)#$5&8'())505%&(7'6(>>5&8-='#:8:' )#0#$65&#)' "2' -0$9409$(7' 6(04.5&8' %$' #A5-05&8' 6(>>5&8-' 3$%6' B5%C%$0(7:' D9$0.#$6%$#=' /#' /(&0' 0%' 5&1#-058(0#' /.#&' 50' 4%97)' "#' 9-#397' 0%' 4%6>%-#' 6%$#' 0.(&' 0/%' 6(>>5&8-' /50.5&' 7%&8#$'6(>>5&8'4.(5&-:'
PU:' d#(&?*($2=' f:G:=' ,.5$%&%-.50(=' ^:C:=' W("9%-596'%&'B5%4%6>905&8'HU[[]J' Pb:' +(6"$5A=' C:=' E(&=' Y:R' ,K*B`' ?' K' -2-0#6' 3%$' (758&5&8' (&)' 6#$85&8' "5%6#)54(7' %&0%7%85#-:' d%9$&(7'%3'@#"',#6(&054-'LH]J='PM\?U[\'HU[[\J'
!"#$%&'()*+($,-. E.5-' /%$>%$0#)' "2' 0.#' F#$6(&' G#-#($4.' D%9&)(05%&'HIDFJ='8$(&0'GK'LMNOPQ? ´(YROXWLRQRI2QWRORJLHVDQG0DSSLQJVµ '
P\:' +(6"$5A='C:='E(&='Y:='d(ROO%(#5:%&0%7%826(04.5&8:%$8'
L:' B#$&-0#5&='C:K:='*#7&5>$%(4.#-' 0%' (90%6(054' -4.#6(' 6(04.5&8:' X+IB'd%9$&(7'P[HLJ=']]L?]b['HU[[PJ'
b:' B%)#&$#5)#$=' `:=' ,0#1#&-=' G:R' B5%?%&0%7%85#-R' 49$$#&0' 0$#&)-' (&)' 3909$#' )5$#405%&-:' B$5#35&8-' 5&'B5%5&3%$6(054-'NH]J='Ub\?UNL'HU[[\J'
UL:' E%$)(5='K:'#0'(7:R'+%-0'5&'E$(&-7(05%&i'^6>5$54(7' K&(72-5-' %3' *(>>5&8' _%6>%-505%&-' 3%$' +($8#' `&0%7%85#-:' C$%4:' `&0%7%82' *(04.5&8' @%$' e';,@_'HU[P[J'
\:' I%=' Y:Y:' (&)' G(.6=' ^:R' _`*KR' (' -2-0#6' 3%$' 37#A5"7#' 4%6"5&(05%&' %3' -4.#6(' 6(04.5&8' (>>$%(4.#-:'C$%4:'X+IB'HU[[UJ' N:' ^9c#&(0=' d:=' ,.1(5$5&8#$'HU[[NJ'
Ub:' !"#$'K&(0%62'`&0%7%82R'.00>ROO%"%3%9&)$2:%$8O' /5.>O!B^G`ZR*(5&TC(8#'
Q:' D%9&)(05%&(7'*%)#7'%3'K&(0%62R' .00>ROO-58:"5%-0$:/(-.5&80%&:#)9O>$%S#40-O36O'
U\:' !&535#)'*#)54(7'+(&89(8#',2-0#6R' .00>ROO///:&76:&5.:8%1O$#-#($4.O967-'
M:' F.(c15&5(&=' K:=' Z%2=' Z:D:=' *9-#&=' *:K:R' _$#(05&8' 6(>>5&8-' 3%$' %&0%7%85#-' 5&' "5%6#)545&#R',56>7#'6#0.%)-'/%$%-596'HU[[MJ'
UN:' V.(&8=' ,:=' B%)#&$#5)#$=' `:R' K758&6#&0' %3' 69705>7#' %&0%7%85#-' %3' (&(0%62R' I#$515&8' 5&)5$#40' 6(>>5&8-' 3$%6' )5$#40' 6(>>5&8-' 0%' (' $#3#$#&4#:'K*;K'K&&9(7',26>%-596'HU[[bJ'
P[:' F$%--=' K:=' Y($09&8=' *:=' W5$-0#&=' E:=' G(.6=' ^:R' `&' *(04.5&8' +($8#' +53#' ,45#&4#' `&0%7%85#-' 5&' C($(77#7:' C$%4:' I(0(' ;&0#8$(05%&' 5&' 0.#' +53#' ,45#&4#-'HU[P[J'
UQ:' V.(&8=' ,:=' B%)#&$#5)#$=' `:R' ^A>#$5#&4#' 5&' (758&5&8' (&(0%654(7' %&0%7%85#-:' ,#6(&054' @#"' (&)'5&3%$6(05%&'-2-0#6-']HUJ='P?U\'HU[[NJ'
PP:' d(
