Max7219 - Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221
LE
AVAILAB
Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers General Description The MAX7219/MAX7221 are compact, serial input/output common-cathode display drivers that interface microprocessors (µPs) to 7-segment numeric LED displays of up to 8 digits, bar-graph displays, or 64 individual LEDs. Included on-chip are a BCD code-B decoder, multiplex scan circuitry, segment and digit drivers, and an 8x8 static RAM that stores each digit. Only one external resistor is required to set the segment current for all LEDs. The MAX7221 is compatible with SPI™, QSPI™, and MICROWIRE™, and has slewrate-limited segment drivers to reduce EMI. A convenient 4-wire serial interface connects to all common µPs. Individual digits may be addressed and updated without rewriting the entire display. The MAX7219/MAX7221 also allow the user to select codeB decoding or no-decode for each digit. The devices include a 150µA low-power shutdown mode, analog and digital brightness control, a scanlimit register that allows the user to display from 1 to 8 digits, and a test mode that forces all LEDs on. For applications requiring 3V operation or segment blinking, refer to the MAX6951 data sheet.
Applications Bar-Graph Displays Industrial Controllers
Panel Meters LED Matrix Displays
Features ♦ 10MHz Serial Interface ♦ Individual LED Segment Control ♦ Decode/No-Decode Digit Selection ♦ 150µA Low-Power Shutdown (Data Retained) ♦ Digital and Analog Brightness Control ♦ Display Blanked on Power-Up ♦ Drive Common-Cathode LED Display ♦ Slew-Rate Limited Segment Drivers for Lower EMI (MAX7221) ♦ SPI, QSPI, MICROWIRE Serial Interface (MAX7221) ♦ 24-Pin DIP and SO Packages
Ordering Information PART
TEMP RANGE
MAX7219CNG
0°C to +70°C
24 Narrow Plastic DIP
PIN-PACKAGE
MAX7219CWG MAX7219C/D MAX7219ENG
0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C -40°C to +85°C
24 Wide SO Dice* 24 Narrow Plastic DIP
MAX7219EWG -40°C to +85°C 24 Wide SO MAX7219ERG -40°C to +85°C 24 Narrow CERDIP Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet. *Dice are specified at TA = +25°C.
Typical Application Circuit
Pin Configuration Functional Diagrams TOP VIEW DIN 1
24 DOUT
DIG 0 2
23 SEG D
DIG 4 3
22 SEG DP
DIG 6 5
MAX7219 MAX7221
19 9.53kΩ
20 SEG C
DIG 2 6
19 V+
DIG 3 7
18 ISET
DIG 7 8
17 SEG G
GND 9
16 SEG B
DIG 5 10
15 SEG F
DIG 1 11
14 SEG A
LOAD (CS) 12
+5V
21 SEG E
GND 4
13 CLK
V+ 18
DIG 0–DIG 7
ISET
8 DIGITS MOSI μP
I/O SCK
1 12 13 9
MAX7219 DIN MAX7221 LOAD (CS) SEG A–G, SEG DP
CLK GND
8 SEGMENTS
GND 4
Pin Configurations appear at end of data sheet. ( ) MAX7221 ONLY DIP/SO ( ) MAX7221 ONLY 8-DIGIT μP DISPLAY Functional Diagrams continued at end of data sheet. UCSP is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. SPI and QSPI are trademarks of Motorola Inc. MICROWIRE is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corp.
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maximintegrated.com.
19-4452; Rev 4; 7/03
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Voltage (with respect to GND) V+ ............................................................................-0.3V to 6V DIN, CLK, LOAD, CS ...............................................-0.3V to 6V All Other Pins.............................................-0.3V to (V+ + 0.3V) Current DIG 0–DIG 7 Sink Current..............................................500mA SEG A–G, DP Source Current........................................100mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +85°C) Narrow Plastic DIP (derate 13.3mW/°C above +70°C)..............................................................1066mW Wide SO (derate 11.8mW/°C above +70°C).................941mW Narrow CERDIP (derate 12.5mW/°C above +70°C) ...1000mW
Operating Temperature Ranges (TMIN to TMAX) MAX7219C_G/MAX7221C_G ..............................0°C to +70°C MAX7219E_G/MAX7221E_G ............................-40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +160°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (V+ = 5V ±10%, RSET = 9.53kΩ ±1%, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER
SYMBOL
Operating Supply Voltage
V+
Shutdown Supply Current
I+
Operating Supply Current
I+
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
4.0 All digital inputs at V+ or GND, TA = +25°C RSET = open circuit
UNITS
5.5
V
150
µA
8
All segments and decimal point on, ISEG_ = -40mA
mA
330
Display Scan Rate
fOSC
8 digits scanned
500
Digit Drive Sink Current
IDIGIT
V+ = 5V, VOUT = 0.65V
320
Segment Drive Source Current
ISEG
TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, VOUT = (V+ - 1V)
-30
-40
-45
mA
ΔISEG/Δt
TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, VOUT = (V+ - 1V)
10
20
50
mA/µs
Segment Current Slew Rate (MAX7221 only)
2
MAX
800
1300
Hz mA
Segment Drive Current Matching
ΔISEG
Digit Drive Leakage (MAX7221 only)
IDIGIT
Digit off, VDIGIT = V+
Segment Drive Leakage (MAX7221 only)
ISEG
Segment off, VSEG = 0V
Digit Drive Source Current (MAX7219 only)
IDIGIT
Digit off, VDIGIT = (V+ - 0.3V)
-2
mA
Segment Drive Sink Current (MAX7219 only)
ISEG
Segment off, VSEG = 0.3V
5
mA
3.0
% -10
µA
1
µA
Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (V+ = 5V ±10%, RSET = 9.53kΩ ±1%, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
1
µA
LOGIC INPUTS Input Current DIN, CLK, LOAD, CS
IIH, IIL
Logic High Input Voltage
VIH
Logic Low Input Voltage
VIL
Output High Voltage
VOH
DOUT, ISOURCE = -1mA
Output Low Voltage
VOL
DOUT, ISINK = 1.6mA
Hysteresis Voltage
ΔVI
DIN, CLK, LOAD, CS
VIN = 0V or V+
-1 3.5
V 0.8
V+ - 1
V V
0.4 1
V V
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS CLK Clock Period
tCP
100
ns
CLK Pulse Width High
tCH
50
ns
CLK Pulse Width Low
tCL
50
ns
CS Fall to SCLK Rise Setup Time (MAX7221 only)
tCSS
25
ns
CLK Rise to CS or LOAD Rise Hold Time
tCSH
0
ns
tDS
25
ns
DIN Setup Time DIN Hold Time
tDH
Output Data Propagation Delay
tDO
Load-Rising Edge to Next Clock Rising Edge (MAX7219 only)
tLDCK
50
ns
Minimum CS or LOAD Pulse High
tCSW
50
ns
Data-to-Segment Delay
tDSPD
Maxim Integrated
0 CLOAD = 50pF
ns 25
2.25
ns
ms
3
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers __________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (V+ = +5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
SCAN FREQUENCY vs. POSITIVE SUPPLY VOLTAGE
60 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
810 800 790 780 770 760
MAX7219/21 02
820 SCAN FREQUENCY (Hz)
70
MAX7219/21 01
830
SEGMENT DRIVER OUTPUT CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
RSET = 10kΩ 50 40 RSET = 20kΩ
30 20
RSET = 40kΩ
750 10
740
0 4.4
4.8
5.2
6.0
0
1
2
3
4
POSITIVE SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
MAX7219 SEGMENT OUTPUT CURRENT
MAX7221 SEGMENT OUTPUT CURRENT
MAXIMUM INTENSITY = 31/32
MAXIMUM INTENSITY = 15/16
10mA/div
10mA/div
0
0
5μs/div
4
5.6
MAX7219/21 03
4.0
5
MAX7219/21 04
730
5μs/div
Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Pin Description PIN
NAME
1
DIN
2, 3, 5–8, 10, 11
DIG 0–DIG 7
4, 9
GND
12
FUNCTION Serial-Data Input. Data is loaded into the internal 16-bit shift register on CLK’s rising edge. Eight-Digit Drive Lines that sink current from the display common cathode. The MAX7219 pulls the digit outputs to V+ when turned off. The MAX7221’s digit drivers are high-impedance when turned off. Ground (both GND pins must be connected)
LOAD (MAX7219)
Load-Data Input. The last 16 bits of serial data are latched on LOAD’s rising edge.
CS (MAX7221)
Chip-Select Input. Serial data is loaded into the shift register while CS is low. The last 16 bits of serial data are latched on CS’s rising edge.
13
CLK
Serial-Clock Input. 10MHz maximum rate. On CLK’s rising edge, data is shifted into the internal shift register. On CLK’s falling edge, data is clocked out of DOUT. On the MAX7221, the CLK input is active only while CS is low.
14–17, 20–23
SEG A–SEG G, DP
Seven Segment Drives and Decimal Point Drive that source current to the display. On the MAX7219, when a segment driver is turned off it is pulled to GND. The MAX7221 segment drivers are high-impedance when turned off.
18
ISET
Connect to VDD through a resistor (RSET) to set the peak segment current (Refer to Selecting RSET Resistor and Using External Drivers section).
19
V+
24
DOUT
Positive Supply Voltage. Connect to +5V. Serial-Data Output. The data into DIN is valid at DOUT 16.5 clock cycles later. This pin is used to daisy-chain several MAX7219/MAX7221’s and is never high-impedance.
Functional Diagram DIG 0–DIG 7
SEG A–SEG G, DP SEGMENT DRIVERS
DIGIT DRIVERS 8 8
SHUTDOWN REGISTER
CODE B ROM WITH BYPASS
V+
MODE REGISTER INTENSITY REGISTER SCAN-LIMIT REGISTER
RSET 8
SEGMENT CURRENT REFERENCE
DISPLAY-TEST REGISTER
8x8 DUAL-PORT SRAM 8
LOAD (CS)
INTENSITY PULSEWIDTH MODULATOR
8
MULTIPLEX SCAN CIRCUITRY
ADDRESS REGISTER DECODER 4
DIN CLK
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15
(LSB)
DOUT
(MSB)
( ) MAX7221 ONLY
Maxim Integrated
5
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers
CS OR LOAD
tCSW tCSH tCL
tCSS
tCP
tCH
tLDCK
CLK tDH tDS DIN
D15
D14
D1
D0
tDO DOUT
Figure 1. Timing Diagram
Table 1. Serial-Data Format (16 Bits) D15
D14
D13
D12
X
X
X
X
D11
D10
D9
D8
ADDRESS
Detailed Description MAX7219/MAX7221 Differences The MAX7219 and MAX7221 are identical except for two parameters: the MAX7221 segment drivers are slew-rate limited to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), and its serial interface is fully SPI compatible.
Serial-Addressing Modes For the MAX7219, serial data at DIN, sent in 16-bit packets, is shifted into the internal 16-bit shift register with each rising edge of CLK regardless of the state of LOAD. For the MAX7221, CS must be low to clock data in or out. The data is then latched into either the digit or control registers on the rising edge of LOAD/CS. LOAD/CS must go high concurrently with or after the 16th rising clock edge, but before the next rising clock edge or data will be lost. Data at DIN is propagated through the shift register and appears at DOUT 16.5 clock cycles later. Data is clocked out on the falling edge of CLK. Data bits are labeled D0–D15 (Table 1). D8–D11 contain the register address. D0–D7 contain the data, and D12–D15 are “don’t care” bits. The first received is D15, the most significant bit (MSB).
6
D7 MSB
D6
D5
D4 MSB DATA
D3
D2
D1
D0 LSB
Digit and Control Registers Table 2 lists the 14 addressable digit and control registers. The digit registers are realized with an on-chip, 8x8 dual-port SRAM. They are addressed directly so that individual digits can be updated and retain data as long as V+ typically exceeds 2V. The control registers consist of decode mode, display intensity, scan limit (number of scanned digits), shutdown, and display test (all LEDs on).
Shutdown Mode When the MAX7219 is in shutdown mode, the scan oscillator is halted, all segment current sources are pulled to ground, and all digit drivers are pulled to V+, thereby blanking the display. The MAX7221 is identical, except the drivers are high-impedance. Data in the digit and control registers remains unaltered. Shutdown can be used to save power or as an alarm to flash the display by successively entering and leaving shutdown mode. For minimum supply current in shutdown mode, logic inputs should be at ground or V+ (CMOS-logic levels). Typically, it takes less than 250µs for the MAX7219/ MAX7221 to leave shutdown mode. The display driver can be programmed while in shutdown mode, and shutdown mode can be overridden by the display-test function. Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Initial Power-Up
Table 2. Register Address Map
On initial power-up, all control registers are reset, the display is blanked, and the MAX7219/MAX7221 enter shutdown mode. Program the display driver prior to display use. Otherwise, it will initially be set to scan one digit, it will not decode data in the data registers, and the intensity register will be set to its minimum value.
ADDRESS D15– D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
HEX CODE
No-Op
X
0
0
0
0
0xX0
Digit 0
X
0
0
0
1
0xX1
Digit 1
X
0
0
1
0
0xX2
Digit 2
X
0
0
1
1
0xX3
Digit 3
X
0
1
0
0
0xX4
Digit 4
X
0
1
0
1
0xX5
Digit 5
X
0
1
1
0
0xX6
Digit 6
X
0
1
1
1
0xX7
Digit 7
X
1
0
0
0
0xX8
Decode Mode
X
1
0
0
1
0xX9
Intensity
X
1
0
1
0
0xXA
Scan Limit
X
1
0
1
1
0xXB
Shutdown
X
1
1
0
0
0xXC
Display Test
X
1
1
1
1
0xXF
REGISTER
Decode-Mode Register The decode-mode register sets BCD code B (0-9, E, H, L, P, and -) or no-decode operation for each digit. Each bit in the register corresponds to one digit. A logic high selects code B decoding while logic low bypasses the decoder. Examples of the decode mode control-register format are shown in Table 4. When the code B decode mode is used, the decoder looks only at the lower nibble of the data in the digit registers (D3–D0), disregarding bits D4–D6. D7, which sets the decimal point (SEG DP), is independent of the decoder and is positive logic (D7 = 1 turns the decimal point on). Table 5 lists the code B font. When no-decode is selected, data bits D7–D0 correspond to the segment lines of the MAX7219/MAX7221. Table 6 shows the one-to-one pairing of each data bit to the appropriate segment line.
Table 3. Shutdown Register Format (Address (Hex) = 0xXC) REGISTER DATA ADDRESS CODE (HEX)
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Shutdown Mode
0xXC
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
0
Normal Operation
0xXC
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
MODE
Table 4. Decode-Mode Register Examples (Address (Hex) = 0xX9) REGISTER DATA D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
HEX CODE
No decode for digits 7–0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0x00
Code B decode for digit 0 No decode for digits 7–1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0x01
Code B decode for digits 3–0 No decode for digits 7–4
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0x0F
Code B decode for digits 7–0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0xFF
DECODE MODE
Maxim Integrated
7
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Table 5. Code B Font 7-SEGMENT CHARACTER
REGISTER DATA D7*
ON SEGMENTS = 1
D6–D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
0
X
0
0
0
1
X
0
0
0
2
X
0
0
3
X
0
0
4
X
0
5
X
0
6
X
7 8
DP*
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
X
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
X
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
X
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
—
X
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
E
X
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
H
X
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
L
X
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
P
X
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
blank
X
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
*The decimal point is set by bit D7 = 1
Table 6. No-Decode Mode Data Bits and Corresponding Segment Lines A
F
B G
STANDARD 7-SEGMENT LED E
C
D
DP
REGISTER DATA Corresponding Segment Line
8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
DP
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Intensity Control and Interdigit Blanking The MAX7219/MAX7221 allow display brightness to be controlled with an external resistor (RSET) connected between V+ and ISET. The peak current sourced from the segment drivers is nominally 100 times the current entering ISET. This resistor can either be fixed or variable to allow brightness adjustment from the front panel. Its minimum value should be 9.53kΩ, which typically sets the segment current at 40mA. Display brightness can also be controlled digitally by using the intensity register. Digital control of display brightness is provided by an internal pulse-width modulator, which is controlled by the lower nibble of the intensity register. The modulator scales the average segment current in 16 steps from a maximum of 31/32 down to 1/32 of the peak current set by RSET (15/16 to 1/16 on MAX7221). Table 7 lists the intensity register format. The minimum interdigit blanking time is set to 1/32 of a cycle.
Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Table 7. Intensity Register Format (Address (Hex) = 0xXA) DUTY CYCLE
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
HEX CODE
1/16 (min on)
X
X
X
X
0
0
0
0
0xX0
3/32
2/16
X
X
X
X
0
0
0
1
0xX1
5/32
3/16
X
X
X
X
0
0
1
0
0xX2
7/32
4/16
X
X
X
X
0
0
1
1
0xX3
MAX7219
MAX7221
1/32 (min on)
9/32
5/16
X
X
X
X
0
1
0
0
0xX4
11/32
6/16
X
X
X
X
0
1
0
1
0xX5
13/32
7/16
X
X
X
X
0
1
1
0
0xX6
15/32
8/16
X
X
X
X
0
1
1
1
0xX7
17/32
9/16
X
X
X
X
1
0
0
0
0xX8
19/32
10/16
X
X
X
X
1
0
0
1
0xX9
21/32
11/16
X
X
X
X
1
0
1
0
0xXA
23/32
12/16
X
X
X
X
1
0
1
1
0xXB
25/32
13/16
X
X
X
X
1
1
0
0
0xXC
27/32
14/16
X
X
X
X
1
1
0
1
0xXD
29/32
15/16
X
X
X
X
1
1
1
0
0xXE
31/32
15/16 (max on)
X
X
X
X
1
1
1
1
0xXF
Table 8. Scan-Limit Register Format (Address (Hex) = 0xXB) REGISTER DATA D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
HEX CODE
Display digit 0 only*
X
X
X
X
X
0
0
0
0xX0
Display digits 0 & 1*
X
X
X
X
X
0
0
1
0xX1
Display digits 0 1 2*
X
X
X
X
X
0
1
0
0xX2
Display digits 0 1 2 3
X
X
X
X
X
0
1
1
0xX3
Display digits 0 1 2 3 4
X
X
X
X
X
1
0
0
0xX4
Display digits 0 1 2 3 4 5
X
X
X
X
X
1
0
1
0xX5
Display digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
X
X
X
X
X
1
1
0
0xX6
Display digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
X
X
X
X
X
1
1
1
0xX7
SCAN LIMIT
*See Scan-Limit Register section for application.
Scan-Limit Register The scan-limit register sets how many digits are displayed, from 1 to 8. They are displayed in a multiplexed manner with a typical display scan rate of 800Hz with 8 digits displayed. If fewer digits are displayed, the scan rate is 8f OSC /N, where N is the number of digits
Maxim Integrated
scanned. Since the number of scanned digits affects the display brightness, the scan-limit register should not be used to blank portions of the display (such as leading zero suppression). Table 8 lists the scan-limit register format.
9
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers If the scan-limit register is set for three digits or less, individual digit drivers will dissipate excessive amounts of power. Consequently, the value of the RSET resistor must be adjusted according to the number of digits displayed, to limit individual digit driver power dissipation. Table 9 lists the number of digits displayed and the corresponding maximum recommended segment current when the digit drivers are used.
fourth chip, sent the desired 16-bit word, followed by three no-op codes (hex 0xXX0X, see Table 2). When LOAD/CS goes high, data is latched in all devices. The first three chips receive no-op commands, and the fourth receives the intended data.
Display-Test Register
To minimize power-supply ripple due to the peak digit driver currents, connect a 10µF electrolytic and a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor between V+ and GND as close to the device as possible. The MAX7219/MAX7221 should be placed in close proximity to the LED display, and connections should be kept as short as possible to minimize the effects of wiring inductance and electromagnetic interference. Also, both GND pins must be connected to ground.
The display-test register operates in two modes: normal and display test. Display-test mode turns all LEDs on by overriding, but not altering, all controls and digit registers (including the shutdown register). In display-test mode, 8 digits are scanned and the duty cycle is 31/32 (15/16 for MAX7221). Table 10 lists the display-test register format.
Table 9. Maximum Segment Current for 1-, 2-, or 3-Digit Displays NUMBER OF DIGITS DISPLAYED
MAXIMUM SEGMENT CURRENT (mA)
1
10
2
20
3
30
REGISTER DATA D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Normal Operation
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
0
Display Test Mode
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
Note: The MAX7219/MAX7221 remain in display-test mode (all LEDs on) until the display-test register is reconfigured for normal operation.
No-Op Register The no-op register is used when cascading MAX7219s or MAX7221s. Connect all devices’ LOAD/CS inputs together and connect DOUT to DIN on adjacent devices. DOUT is a CMOS logic-level output that easily drives DIN of successively cascaded parts. (Refer to the Serial Addressing Modes section for detailed information on serial input/output timing.) For example, if four MAX7219s are cascaded, then to write to the
10
Supply Bypassing and Wiring
Selecting RSET Resistor and Using External Drivers
Table 10. Display-Test Register Format (Address (Hex) = 0xXF) MODE
Applications Information
The current per segment is approximately 100 times the current in ISET. To select RSET, see Table 11. The MAX7219/MAX7221’s maximum recommended segment current is 40mA. For segment current levels above these levels, external digit drivers will be needed. In this application, the MAX7219/MAX7221 serve only as controllers for other high-current drivers or transistors. Therefore, to conserve power, use RSET = 47kΩ when using external current sources as segment drivers. The example in Figure 2 uses the MAX7219/MAX7221’s segment drivers, a MAX394 single-pole double-throw analog switch, and external transistors to drive 2.3” AND2307SLC common-cathode displays. The 5.6V zener diode has been added in series with the decimal point LED because the decimal point LED forward voltage is typically 4.2V. For all other segments the LED forward voltage is typically 8V. Since external transistors are used to sink current (DIG 0 and DIG 1 are used as logic switches), peak segment currents of 45mA are allowed even though only two digits are displayed. In applications where the MAX7219/MAX7221’s digit drivers are used to sink current and fewer than four digits are displayed, Table 9 specifies the maximum allowable segment current. RSET must be selected accordingly (Table 11). Refer to the Continuous Power Dissipation section of the Absolute Maximum Ratings to calculate acceptable limits for ambient temperature, segment current, and the LED forward-voltage drop.
Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Table 11. RSET vs. Segment Current and LED Forward Voltage ISEG (mA) 40
VLED (V)
Table 12. Package Thermal Resistance Data PACKAGE
THERMAL RESISTANCE θJA) (θ
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
12.2
11.8
11.0
10.6
9.69
24 Narrow DIP
+75°C/W +85°C/W +80°C/W
30
17.8
17.1
15.8
15.0
14.0
24 Wide SO
20
29.8
28.0
25.9
24.5
22.6
24 CERDIP
51.2
Maximum Junction Temperature (TJ) = +150°C
10
66.7
63.7
59.3
55.4
Maximum Ambient Temperature (TA) = +85°C
Computing Power Dissipation
Cascading Drivers
The upper limit for power dissipation (PD) for the MAX7219/MAX7221 is determined from the following equation: PD = (V+ x 8mA) + (V+ - VLED)(DUTY x ISEG x N) where:
The example in Figure 3 drives 16 digits using a 3-wire µP interface. If the number of digits is not a multiple of 8, set both drivers’ scan limits registers to the same number so one display will not appear brighter than the other. For example, if 12 digits are need, use 6 digits per display with both scan-limit registers set for 6 digits so that both displays have a 1/6 duty cycle per digit. If 11 digits are needed, set both scan-limit registers for 6 digits and leave one digit driver unconnected. If one display for 6 digits and the other for 5 digits, the second display will appear brighter because its duty cycle per digit will be 1/5 while the first display’s will be 1/6. Refer to the No-Op Register section for additional information.
V+ = supply voltage DUTY = duty cycle set by intensity register N = number of segments driven (worst case is 8) VLED = LED forward voltage ISEG = segment current set by RSET Dissipation example: ISEG = 40mA, N = 8, DUTY = 31/32, VLED = 1.8V at 40mA, V+ = 5.25V PD = (5.25V x 8mA) + (5.25V - 1.8V)(31/32 x 40mA x 8) = 1.11W Thus, for a CERDIP package (θ JA = +80°C/W from Table 12), the maximum allowed ambient temperature TA is given by: TJ(MAX) = TA + PD x θJA 150°C = TA +1.11W x 80°C/W where TA = +61.2°C. The TA limits for PDIP and SO packages in the dissipation example above are +66.7°C and +55.6°C, respectively.
Maxim Integrated
11
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers
AND2307SLC 5 7 9 6 10 4 2 3
1N5524B 5.6V ±5%
AND2307SLC 5
ANODE DP
ANODE DP
7
ANODE A
ANODE A
9
ANODE F
ANODE F
6
ANODE B
ANODE B
10
ANODE G
ANODE G
4 2
ANODE C ANODE E
ANODE C ANODE E
3
ANODE D CATHODE 8
ANODE D CATHODE 8
23 21 20 17 16 15 14 22
SEG D SEG E SEG C SEG G SEG B SEG F
5V
MAX7219 MAX7221
V+
19
4.7kΩ 0.1μF
SEG A 30kΩ
SEG DP 4 9
DATA IN LOAD (CS) CLOCK
1 12 13
18 GND GND DIG 0
LOAD (CS)
DIG 1
4.7kΩ
4 *
DIN CLK
16
ISFT *
7
2
1
11
10 2 9
NC1 COM1
NC2
3 IRF540
IN1 MAX394 8 IN2 COM2 NO1 NO2 5
*4.7kΩ PULLUP REQUIRED FOR MAX7221 ( ) MAX7221 ONLY
-5V
IRF540
Figure 2. MAX7219/MAX7221 Driving 2.3in Displays
12
Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers
8 DATA IN
8
8
DIN
DOUT
DIN
DOUT
DIG 0
SEG D
DIG 0
SEG D
DIG 4
SEG DP
DIG 4
SEG DP
GND
SEG E
DIG 6
SEG C
DIG 2
V+
DIG 3
ISET
5V 0.1μF 9.53kΩ
GND
SEG E
DIG 6
SEG C
DIG 2
V+
DIG 3
ISET
DIG 7
SEG G
DIG 7
SEG G
GND
SEG B
GND
SEG B
DIG 5
SEG F
DIG 5
SEG F
DIG 1
SEG A
DIG 1
SEG A
LOAD (CS)
( ) MAX7221 ONLY
8
CLK
MAX7219 MAX7221
LOAD (CS)
CLK
5V 0.1μF 9.53kΩ
MAX7219 MAX7221
LOAD DATA CLOCK
Figure 3. Cascading MAX7219/MAX7221s to Drive 16 Seven-Segment LED Digits
Maxim Integrated
13
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Ordering Information (continued) PART
TEMP RANGE
MAX7221CNG
0°C to +70°C
24 Narrow Plastic DIP
MAX7221CWG MAX7221C/D MAX7221ENG
0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C -40°C to +85°C
24 Wide SO Dice* 24 Narrow Plastic DIP
MAX7221EWG MAX7221ERG
-40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C
24 Wide SO 24 Narrow CERDIP
*Dice are specified at TA = +25°C.
Chip Topography
PIN-PACKAGE GND
DIG 7 DIG 3 DIG 2 DIG 6
GND
DIG 5
DIG 4
DIG 1
DIG 0
LOAD OR CS CLK
DIN DOUT
SEG A
SEG D
0.093" (2.36mm)
SEG F SEG DP SEG B ISET SEG C SEG G SEG E 0.080" (2.03mm)
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 5267 SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO GND
14
Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Package Information
INCHES N
E
DIM A A1 B C e E H L
H
MAX MIN 0.093 0.104 0.004 0.012 0.014 0.019 0.009 0.013 0.050 0.291 0.299 0.394 0.419 0.050 0.016
SOICW.EPS
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
MILLIMETERS MIN 2.35 0.10 0.35 0.23
MAX 2.65 0.30 0.49 0.32
1.27 7.40 7.60 10.00 10.65 0.40
1.27
VARIATIONS:
1
INCHES
TOP VIEW
DIM D D D D D
D
A B
e
FRONT VIEW
MIN 0.398 0.447 0.496 0.598 0.697
MAX 0.413 0.463 0.512 0.614 0.713
MILLIMETERS MIN 10.10 11.35 12.60 15.20 17.70
MAX 10.50 11.75 13.00 15.60 18.10
N MS013 16 AA 18 AB 20 AC 24 AD 28 AE
C 0∞-8∞
A1 L
SIDE VIEW
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE:
PACKAGE OUTLINE, .300" SOIC APPROVAL
Maxim Integrated
DOCUMENT CONTROL NO.
21-0042
REV.
B
1
1
15
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Package Information (continued)
PDIPN.EPS
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
16
Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
Maxim Integrated 160 Rio Robles, San Jose, CA 95134 USA 1-408-601-1000 © Maxim Integrated
17
The Maxim logo and Maxim Integrated are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
LE
AVAILAB
Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers General Description The MAX7219/MAX7221 are compact, serial input/output common-cathode display drivers that interface microprocessors (µPs) to 7-segment numeric LED displays of up to 8 digits, bar-graph displays, or 64 individual LEDs. Included on-chip are a BCD code-B decoder, multiplex scan circuitry, segment and digit drivers, and an 8x8 static RAM that stores each digit. Only one external resistor is required to set the segment current for all LEDs. The MAX7221 is compatible with SPI™, QSPI™, and MICROWIRE™, and has slewrate-limited segment drivers to reduce EMI. A convenient 4-wire serial interface connects to all common µPs. Individual digits may be addressed and updated without rewriting the entire display. The MAX7219/MAX7221 also allow the user to select codeB decoding or no-decode for each digit. The devices include a 150µA low-power shutdown mode, analog and digital brightness control, a scanlimit register that allows the user to display from 1 to 8 digits, and a test mode that forces all LEDs on. For applications requiring 3V operation or segment blinking, refer to the MAX6951 data sheet.
Applications Bar-Graph Displays Industrial Controllers
Panel Meters LED Matrix Displays
Features ♦ 10MHz Serial Interface ♦ Individual LED Segment Control ♦ Decode/No-Decode Digit Selection ♦ 150µA Low-Power Shutdown (Data Retained) ♦ Digital and Analog Brightness Control ♦ Display Blanked on Power-Up ♦ Drive Common-Cathode LED Display ♦ Slew-Rate Limited Segment Drivers for Lower EMI (MAX7221) ♦ SPI, QSPI, MICROWIRE Serial Interface (MAX7221) ♦ 24-Pin DIP and SO Packages
Ordering Information PART
TEMP RANGE
MAX7219CNG
0°C to +70°C
24 Narrow Plastic DIP
PIN-PACKAGE
MAX7219CWG MAX7219C/D MAX7219ENG
0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C -40°C to +85°C
24 Wide SO Dice* 24 Narrow Plastic DIP
MAX7219EWG -40°C to +85°C 24 Wide SO MAX7219ERG -40°C to +85°C 24 Narrow CERDIP Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet. *Dice are specified at TA = +25°C.
Typical Application Circuit
Pin Configuration Functional Diagrams TOP VIEW DIN 1
24 DOUT
DIG 0 2
23 SEG D
DIG 4 3
22 SEG DP
DIG 6 5
MAX7219 MAX7221
19 9.53kΩ
20 SEG C
DIG 2 6
19 V+
DIG 3 7
18 ISET
DIG 7 8
17 SEG G
GND 9
16 SEG B
DIG 5 10
15 SEG F
DIG 1 11
14 SEG A
LOAD (CS) 12
+5V
21 SEG E
GND 4
13 CLK
V+ 18
DIG 0–DIG 7
ISET
8 DIGITS MOSI μP
I/O SCK
1 12 13 9
MAX7219 DIN MAX7221 LOAD (CS) SEG A–G, SEG DP
CLK GND
8 SEGMENTS
GND 4
Pin Configurations appear at end of data sheet. ( ) MAX7221 ONLY DIP/SO ( ) MAX7221 ONLY 8-DIGIT μP DISPLAY Functional Diagrams continued at end of data sheet. UCSP is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. SPI and QSPI are trademarks of Motorola Inc. MICROWIRE is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corp.
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maximintegrated.com.
19-4452; Rev 4; 7/03
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Voltage (with respect to GND) V+ ............................................................................-0.3V to 6V DIN, CLK, LOAD, CS ...............................................-0.3V to 6V All Other Pins.............................................-0.3V to (V+ + 0.3V) Current DIG 0–DIG 7 Sink Current..............................................500mA SEG A–G, DP Source Current........................................100mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +85°C) Narrow Plastic DIP (derate 13.3mW/°C above +70°C)..............................................................1066mW Wide SO (derate 11.8mW/°C above +70°C).................941mW Narrow CERDIP (derate 12.5mW/°C above +70°C) ...1000mW
Operating Temperature Ranges (TMIN to TMAX) MAX7219C_G/MAX7221C_G ..............................0°C to +70°C MAX7219E_G/MAX7221E_G ............................-40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +160°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (V+ = 5V ±10%, RSET = 9.53kΩ ±1%, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER
SYMBOL
Operating Supply Voltage
V+
Shutdown Supply Current
I+
Operating Supply Current
I+
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
4.0 All digital inputs at V+ or GND, TA = +25°C RSET = open circuit
UNITS
5.5
V
150
µA
8
All segments and decimal point on, ISEG_ = -40mA
mA
330
Display Scan Rate
fOSC
8 digits scanned
500
Digit Drive Sink Current
IDIGIT
V+ = 5V, VOUT = 0.65V
320
Segment Drive Source Current
ISEG
TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, VOUT = (V+ - 1V)
-30
-40
-45
mA
ΔISEG/Δt
TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, VOUT = (V+ - 1V)
10
20
50
mA/µs
Segment Current Slew Rate (MAX7221 only)
2
MAX
800
1300
Hz mA
Segment Drive Current Matching
ΔISEG
Digit Drive Leakage (MAX7221 only)
IDIGIT
Digit off, VDIGIT = V+
Segment Drive Leakage (MAX7221 only)
ISEG
Segment off, VSEG = 0V
Digit Drive Source Current (MAX7219 only)
IDIGIT
Digit off, VDIGIT = (V+ - 0.3V)
-2
mA
Segment Drive Sink Current (MAX7219 only)
ISEG
Segment off, VSEG = 0.3V
5
mA
3.0
% -10
µA
1
µA
Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (V+ = 5V ±10%, RSET = 9.53kΩ ±1%, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
1
µA
LOGIC INPUTS Input Current DIN, CLK, LOAD, CS
IIH, IIL
Logic High Input Voltage
VIH
Logic Low Input Voltage
VIL
Output High Voltage
VOH
DOUT, ISOURCE = -1mA
Output Low Voltage
VOL
DOUT, ISINK = 1.6mA
Hysteresis Voltage
ΔVI
DIN, CLK, LOAD, CS
VIN = 0V or V+
-1 3.5
V 0.8
V+ - 1
V V
0.4 1
V V
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS CLK Clock Period
tCP
100
ns
CLK Pulse Width High
tCH
50
ns
CLK Pulse Width Low
tCL
50
ns
CS Fall to SCLK Rise Setup Time (MAX7221 only)
tCSS
25
ns
CLK Rise to CS or LOAD Rise Hold Time
tCSH
0
ns
tDS
25
ns
DIN Setup Time DIN Hold Time
tDH
Output Data Propagation Delay
tDO
Load-Rising Edge to Next Clock Rising Edge (MAX7219 only)
tLDCK
50
ns
Minimum CS or LOAD Pulse High
tCSW
50
ns
Data-to-Segment Delay
tDSPD
Maxim Integrated
0 CLOAD = 50pF
ns 25
2.25
ns
ms
3
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers __________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (V+ = +5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
SCAN FREQUENCY vs. POSITIVE SUPPLY VOLTAGE
60 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
810 800 790 780 770 760
MAX7219/21 02
820 SCAN FREQUENCY (Hz)
70
MAX7219/21 01
830
SEGMENT DRIVER OUTPUT CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
RSET = 10kΩ 50 40 RSET = 20kΩ
30 20
RSET = 40kΩ
750 10
740
0 4.4
4.8
5.2
6.0
0
1
2
3
4
POSITIVE SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
MAX7219 SEGMENT OUTPUT CURRENT
MAX7221 SEGMENT OUTPUT CURRENT
MAXIMUM INTENSITY = 31/32
MAXIMUM INTENSITY = 15/16
10mA/div
10mA/div
0
0
5μs/div
4
5.6
MAX7219/21 03
4.0
5
MAX7219/21 04
730
5μs/div
Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Pin Description PIN
NAME
1
DIN
2, 3, 5–8, 10, 11
DIG 0–DIG 7
4, 9
GND
12
FUNCTION Serial-Data Input. Data is loaded into the internal 16-bit shift register on CLK’s rising edge. Eight-Digit Drive Lines that sink current from the display common cathode. The MAX7219 pulls the digit outputs to V+ when turned off. The MAX7221’s digit drivers are high-impedance when turned off. Ground (both GND pins must be connected)
LOAD (MAX7219)
Load-Data Input. The last 16 bits of serial data are latched on LOAD’s rising edge.
CS (MAX7221)
Chip-Select Input. Serial data is loaded into the shift register while CS is low. The last 16 bits of serial data are latched on CS’s rising edge.
13
CLK
Serial-Clock Input. 10MHz maximum rate. On CLK’s rising edge, data is shifted into the internal shift register. On CLK’s falling edge, data is clocked out of DOUT. On the MAX7221, the CLK input is active only while CS is low.
14–17, 20–23
SEG A–SEG G, DP
Seven Segment Drives and Decimal Point Drive that source current to the display. On the MAX7219, when a segment driver is turned off it is pulled to GND. The MAX7221 segment drivers are high-impedance when turned off.
18
ISET
Connect to VDD through a resistor (RSET) to set the peak segment current (Refer to Selecting RSET Resistor and Using External Drivers section).
19
V+
24
DOUT
Positive Supply Voltage. Connect to +5V. Serial-Data Output. The data into DIN is valid at DOUT 16.5 clock cycles later. This pin is used to daisy-chain several MAX7219/MAX7221’s and is never high-impedance.
Functional Diagram DIG 0–DIG 7
SEG A–SEG G, DP SEGMENT DRIVERS
DIGIT DRIVERS 8 8
SHUTDOWN REGISTER
CODE B ROM WITH BYPASS
V+
MODE REGISTER INTENSITY REGISTER SCAN-LIMIT REGISTER
RSET 8
SEGMENT CURRENT REFERENCE
DISPLAY-TEST REGISTER
8x8 DUAL-PORT SRAM 8
LOAD (CS)
INTENSITY PULSEWIDTH MODULATOR
8
MULTIPLEX SCAN CIRCUITRY
ADDRESS REGISTER DECODER 4
DIN CLK
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15
(LSB)
DOUT
(MSB)
( ) MAX7221 ONLY
Maxim Integrated
5
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers
CS OR LOAD
tCSW tCSH tCL
tCSS
tCP
tCH
tLDCK
CLK tDH tDS DIN
D15
D14
D1
D0
tDO DOUT
Figure 1. Timing Diagram
Table 1. Serial-Data Format (16 Bits) D15
D14
D13
D12
X
X
X
X
D11
D10
D9
D8
ADDRESS
Detailed Description MAX7219/MAX7221 Differences The MAX7219 and MAX7221 are identical except for two parameters: the MAX7221 segment drivers are slew-rate limited to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), and its serial interface is fully SPI compatible.
Serial-Addressing Modes For the MAX7219, serial data at DIN, sent in 16-bit packets, is shifted into the internal 16-bit shift register with each rising edge of CLK regardless of the state of LOAD. For the MAX7221, CS must be low to clock data in or out. The data is then latched into either the digit or control registers on the rising edge of LOAD/CS. LOAD/CS must go high concurrently with or after the 16th rising clock edge, but before the next rising clock edge or data will be lost. Data at DIN is propagated through the shift register and appears at DOUT 16.5 clock cycles later. Data is clocked out on the falling edge of CLK. Data bits are labeled D0–D15 (Table 1). D8–D11 contain the register address. D0–D7 contain the data, and D12–D15 are “don’t care” bits. The first received is D15, the most significant bit (MSB).
6
D7 MSB
D6
D5
D4 MSB DATA
D3
D2
D1
D0 LSB
Digit and Control Registers Table 2 lists the 14 addressable digit and control registers. The digit registers are realized with an on-chip, 8x8 dual-port SRAM. They are addressed directly so that individual digits can be updated and retain data as long as V+ typically exceeds 2V. The control registers consist of decode mode, display intensity, scan limit (number of scanned digits), shutdown, and display test (all LEDs on).
Shutdown Mode When the MAX7219 is in shutdown mode, the scan oscillator is halted, all segment current sources are pulled to ground, and all digit drivers are pulled to V+, thereby blanking the display. The MAX7221 is identical, except the drivers are high-impedance. Data in the digit and control registers remains unaltered. Shutdown can be used to save power or as an alarm to flash the display by successively entering and leaving shutdown mode. For minimum supply current in shutdown mode, logic inputs should be at ground or V+ (CMOS-logic levels). Typically, it takes less than 250µs for the MAX7219/ MAX7221 to leave shutdown mode. The display driver can be programmed while in shutdown mode, and shutdown mode can be overridden by the display-test function. Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Initial Power-Up
Table 2. Register Address Map
On initial power-up, all control registers are reset, the display is blanked, and the MAX7219/MAX7221 enter shutdown mode. Program the display driver prior to display use. Otherwise, it will initially be set to scan one digit, it will not decode data in the data registers, and the intensity register will be set to its minimum value.
ADDRESS D15– D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
HEX CODE
No-Op
X
0
0
0
0
0xX0
Digit 0
X
0
0
0
1
0xX1
Digit 1
X
0
0
1
0
0xX2
Digit 2
X
0
0
1
1
0xX3
Digit 3
X
0
1
0
0
0xX4
Digit 4
X
0
1
0
1
0xX5
Digit 5
X
0
1
1
0
0xX6
Digit 6
X
0
1
1
1
0xX7
Digit 7
X
1
0
0
0
0xX8
Decode Mode
X
1
0
0
1
0xX9
Intensity
X
1
0
1
0
0xXA
Scan Limit
X
1
0
1
1
0xXB
Shutdown
X
1
1
0
0
0xXC
Display Test
X
1
1
1
1
0xXF
REGISTER
Decode-Mode Register The decode-mode register sets BCD code B (0-9, E, H, L, P, and -) or no-decode operation for each digit. Each bit in the register corresponds to one digit. A logic high selects code B decoding while logic low bypasses the decoder. Examples of the decode mode control-register format are shown in Table 4. When the code B decode mode is used, the decoder looks only at the lower nibble of the data in the digit registers (D3–D0), disregarding bits D4–D6. D7, which sets the decimal point (SEG DP), is independent of the decoder and is positive logic (D7 = 1 turns the decimal point on). Table 5 lists the code B font. When no-decode is selected, data bits D7–D0 correspond to the segment lines of the MAX7219/MAX7221. Table 6 shows the one-to-one pairing of each data bit to the appropriate segment line.
Table 3. Shutdown Register Format (Address (Hex) = 0xXC) REGISTER DATA ADDRESS CODE (HEX)
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Shutdown Mode
0xXC
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
0
Normal Operation
0xXC
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
MODE
Table 4. Decode-Mode Register Examples (Address (Hex) = 0xX9) REGISTER DATA D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
HEX CODE
No decode for digits 7–0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0x00
Code B decode for digit 0 No decode for digits 7–1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0x01
Code B decode for digits 3–0 No decode for digits 7–4
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0x0F
Code B decode for digits 7–0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0xFF
DECODE MODE
Maxim Integrated
7
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Table 5. Code B Font 7-SEGMENT CHARACTER
REGISTER DATA D7*
ON SEGMENTS = 1
D6–D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
0
X
0
0
0
1
X
0
0
0
2
X
0
0
3
X
0
0
4
X
0
5
X
0
6
X
7 8
DP*
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
X
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
X
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
X
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
—
X
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
E
X
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
H
X
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
L
X
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
P
X
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
blank
X
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
*The decimal point is set by bit D7 = 1
Table 6. No-Decode Mode Data Bits and Corresponding Segment Lines A
F
B G
STANDARD 7-SEGMENT LED E
C
D
DP
REGISTER DATA Corresponding Segment Line
8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
DP
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Intensity Control and Interdigit Blanking The MAX7219/MAX7221 allow display brightness to be controlled with an external resistor (RSET) connected between V+ and ISET. The peak current sourced from the segment drivers is nominally 100 times the current entering ISET. This resistor can either be fixed or variable to allow brightness adjustment from the front panel. Its minimum value should be 9.53kΩ, which typically sets the segment current at 40mA. Display brightness can also be controlled digitally by using the intensity register. Digital control of display brightness is provided by an internal pulse-width modulator, which is controlled by the lower nibble of the intensity register. The modulator scales the average segment current in 16 steps from a maximum of 31/32 down to 1/32 of the peak current set by RSET (15/16 to 1/16 on MAX7221). Table 7 lists the intensity register format. The minimum interdigit blanking time is set to 1/32 of a cycle.
Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Table 7. Intensity Register Format (Address (Hex) = 0xXA) DUTY CYCLE
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
HEX CODE
1/16 (min on)
X
X
X
X
0
0
0
0
0xX0
3/32
2/16
X
X
X
X
0
0
0
1
0xX1
5/32
3/16
X
X
X
X
0
0
1
0
0xX2
7/32
4/16
X
X
X
X
0
0
1
1
0xX3
MAX7219
MAX7221
1/32 (min on)
9/32
5/16
X
X
X
X
0
1
0
0
0xX4
11/32
6/16
X
X
X
X
0
1
0
1
0xX5
13/32
7/16
X
X
X
X
0
1
1
0
0xX6
15/32
8/16
X
X
X
X
0
1
1
1
0xX7
17/32
9/16
X
X
X
X
1
0
0
0
0xX8
19/32
10/16
X
X
X
X
1
0
0
1
0xX9
21/32
11/16
X
X
X
X
1
0
1
0
0xXA
23/32
12/16
X
X
X
X
1
0
1
1
0xXB
25/32
13/16
X
X
X
X
1
1
0
0
0xXC
27/32
14/16
X
X
X
X
1
1
0
1
0xXD
29/32
15/16
X
X
X
X
1
1
1
0
0xXE
31/32
15/16 (max on)
X
X
X
X
1
1
1
1
0xXF
Table 8. Scan-Limit Register Format (Address (Hex) = 0xXB) REGISTER DATA D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
HEX CODE
Display digit 0 only*
X
X
X
X
X
0
0
0
0xX0
Display digits 0 & 1*
X
X
X
X
X
0
0
1
0xX1
Display digits 0 1 2*
X
X
X
X
X
0
1
0
0xX2
Display digits 0 1 2 3
X
X
X
X
X
0
1
1
0xX3
Display digits 0 1 2 3 4
X
X
X
X
X
1
0
0
0xX4
Display digits 0 1 2 3 4 5
X
X
X
X
X
1
0
1
0xX5
Display digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
X
X
X
X
X
1
1
0
0xX6
Display digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
X
X
X
X
X
1
1
1
0xX7
SCAN LIMIT
*See Scan-Limit Register section for application.
Scan-Limit Register The scan-limit register sets how many digits are displayed, from 1 to 8. They are displayed in a multiplexed manner with a typical display scan rate of 800Hz with 8 digits displayed. If fewer digits are displayed, the scan rate is 8f OSC /N, where N is the number of digits
Maxim Integrated
scanned. Since the number of scanned digits affects the display brightness, the scan-limit register should not be used to blank portions of the display (such as leading zero suppression). Table 8 lists the scan-limit register format.
9
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers If the scan-limit register is set for three digits or less, individual digit drivers will dissipate excessive amounts of power. Consequently, the value of the RSET resistor must be adjusted according to the number of digits displayed, to limit individual digit driver power dissipation. Table 9 lists the number of digits displayed and the corresponding maximum recommended segment current when the digit drivers are used.
fourth chip, sent the desired 16-bit word, followed by three no-op codes (hex 0xXX0X, see Table 2). When LOAD/CS goes high, data is latched in all devices. The first three chips receive no-op commands, and the fourth receives the intended data.
Display-Test Register
To minimize power-supply ripple due to the peak digit driver currents, connect a 10µF electrolytic and a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor between V+ and GND as close to the device as possible. The MAX7219/MAX7221 should be placed in close proximity to the LED display, and connections should be kept as short as possible to minimize the effects of wiring inductance and electromagnetic interference. Also, both GND pins must be connected to ground.
The display-test register operates in two modes: normal and display test. Display-test mode turns all LEDs on by overriding, but not altering, all controls and digit registers (including the shutdown register). In display-test mode, 8 digits are scanned and the duty cycle is 31/32 (15/16 for MAX7221). Table 10 lists the display-test register format.
Table 9. Maximum Segment Current for 1-, 2-, or 3-Digit Displays NUMBER OF DIGITS DISPLAYED
MAXIMUM SEGMENT CURRENT (mA)
1
10
2
20
3
30
REGISTER DATA D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Normal Operation
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
0
Display Test Mode
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
Note: The MAX7219/MAX7221 remain in display-test mode (all LEDs on) until the display-test register is reconfigured for normal operation.
No-Op Register The no-op register is used when cascading MAX7219s or MAX7221s. Connect all devices’ LOAD/CS inputs together and connect DOUT to DIN on adjacent devices. DOUT is a CMOS logic-level output that easily drives DIN of successively cascaded parts. (Refer to the Serial Addressing Modes section for detailed information on serial input/output timing.) For example, if four MAX7219s are cascaded, then to write to the
10
Supply Bypassing and Wiring
Selecting RSET Resistor and Using External Drivers
Table 10. Display-Test Register Format (Address (Hex) = 0xXF) MODE
Applications Information
The current per segment is approximately 100 times the current in ISET. To select RSET, see Table 11. The MAX7219/MAX7221’s maximum recommended segment current is 40mA. For segment current levels above these levels, external digit drivers will be needed. In this application, the MAX7219/MAX7221 serve only as controllers for other high-current drivers or transistors. Therefore, to conserve power, use RSET = 47kΩ when using external current sources as segment drivers. The example in Figure 2 uses the MAX7219/MAX7221’s segment drivers, a MAX394 single-pole double-throw analog switch, and external transistors to drive 2.3” AND2307SLC common-cathode displays. The 5.6V zener diode has been added in series with the decimal point LED because the decimal point LED forward voltage is typically 4.2V. For all other segments the LED forward voltage is typically 8V. Since external transistors are used to sink current (DIG 0 and DIG 1 are used as logic switches), peak segment currents of 45mA are allowed even though only two digits are displayed. In applications where the MAX7219/MAX7221’s digit drivers are used to sink current and fewer than four digits are displayed, Table 9 specifies the maximum allowable segment current. RSET must be selected accordingly (Table 11). Refer to the Continuous Power Dissipation section of the Absolute Maximum Ratings to calculate acceptable limits for ambient temperature, segment current, and the LED forward-voltage drop.
Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Table 11. RSET vs. Segment Current and LED Forward Voltage ISEG (mA) 40
VLED (V)
Table 12. Package Thermal Resistance Data PACKAGE
THERMAL RESISTANCE θJA) (θ
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
12.2
11.8
11.0
10.6
9.69
24 Narrow DIP
+75°C/W +85°C/W +80°C/W
30
17.8
17.1
15.8
15.0
14.0
24 Wide SO
20
29.8
28.0
25.9
24.5
22.6
24 CERDIP
51.2
Maximum Junction Temperature (TJ) = +150°C
10
66.7
63.7
59.3
55.4
Maximum Ambient Temperature (TA) = +85°C
Computing Power Dissipation
Cascading Drivers
The upper limit for power dissipation (PD) for the MAX7219/MAX7221 is determined from the following equation: PD = (V+ x 8mA) + (V+ - VLED)(DUTY x ISEG x N) where:
The example in Figure 3 drives 16 digits using a 3-wire µP interface. If the number of digits is not a multiple of 8, set both drivers’ scan limits registers to the same number so one display will not appear brighter than the other. For example, if 12 digits are need, use 6 digits per display with both scan-limit registers set for 6 digits so that both displays have a 1/6 duty cycle per digit. If 11 digits are needed, set both scan-limit registers for 6 digits and leave one digit driver unconnected. If one display for 6 digits and the other for 5 digits, the second display will appear brighter because its duty cycle per digit will be 1/5 while the first display’s will be 1/6. Refer to the No-Op Register section for additional information.
V+ = supply voltage DUTY = duty cycle set by intensity register N = number of segments driven (worst case is 8) VLED = LED forward voltage ISEG = segment current set by RSET Dissipation example: ISEG = 40mA, N = 8, DUTY = 31/32, VLED = 1.8V at 40mA, V+ = 5.25V PD = (5.25V x 8mA) + (5.25V - 1.8V)(31/32 x 40mA x 8) = 1.11W Thus, for a CERDIP package (θ JA = +80°C/W from Table 12), the maximum allowed ambient temperature TA is given by: TJ(MAX) = TA + PD x θJA 150°C = TA +1.11W x 80°C/W where TA = +61.2°C. The TA limits for PDIP and SO packages in the dissipation example above are +66.7°C and +55.6°C, respectively.
Maxim Integrated
11
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers
AND2307SLC 5 7 9 6 10 4 2 3
1N5524B 5.6V ±5%
AND2307SLC 5
ANODE DP
ANODE DP
7
ANODE A
ANODE A
9
ANODE F
ANODE F
6
ANODE B
ANODE B
10
ANODE G
ANODE G
4 2
ANODE C ANODE E
ANODE C ANODE E
3
ANODE D CATHODE 8
ANODE D CATHODE 8
23 21 20 17 16 15 14 22
SEG D SEG E SEG C SEG G SEG B SEG F
5V
MAX7219 MAX7221
V+
19
4.7kΩ 0.1μF
SEG A 30kΩ
SEG DP 4 9
DATA IN LOAD (CS) CLOCK
1 12 13
18 GND GND DIG 0
LOAD (CS)
DIG 1
4.7kΩ
4 *
DIN CLK
16
ISFT *
7
2
1
11
10 2 9
NC1 COM1
NC2
3 IRF540
IN1 MAX394 8 IN2 COM2 NO1 NO2 5
*4.7kΩ PULLUP REQUIRED FOR MAX7221 ( ) MAX7221 ONLY
-5V
IRF540
Figure 2. MAX7219/MAX7221 Driving 2.3in Displays
12
Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers
8 DATA IN
8
8
DIN
DOUT
DIN
DOUT
DIG 0
SEG D
DIG 0
SEG D
DIG 4
SEG DP
DIG 4
SEG DP
GND
SEG E
DIG 6
SEG C
DIG 2
V+
DIG 3
ISET
5V 0.1μF 9.53kΩ
GND
SEG E
DIG 6
SEG C
DIG 2
V+
DIG 3
ISET
DIG 7
SEG G
DIG 7
SEG G
GND
SEG B
GND
SEG B
DIG 5
SEG F
DIG 5
SEG F
DIG 1
SEG A
DIG 1
SEG A
LOAD (CS)
( ) MAX7221 ONLY
8
CLK
MAX7219 MAX7221
LOAD (CS)
CLK
5V 0.1μF 9.53kΩ
MAX7219 MAX7221
LOAD DATA CLOCK
Figure 3. Cascading MAX7219/MAX7221s to Drive 16 Seven-Segment LED Digits
Maxim Integrated
13
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Ordering Information (continued) PART
TEMP RANGE
MAX7221CNG
0°C to +70°C
24 Narrow Plastic DIP
MAX7221CWG MAX7221C/D MAX7221ENG
0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C -40°C to +85°C
24 Wide SO Dice* 24 Narrow Plastic DIP
MAX7221EWG MAX7221ERG
-40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C
24 Wide SO 24 Narrow CERDIP
*Dice are specified at TA = +25°C.
Chip Topography
PIN-PACKAGE GND
DIG 7 DIG 3 DIG 2 DIG 6
GND
DIG 5
DIG 4
DIG 1
DIG 0
LOAD OR CS CLK
DIN DOUT
SEG A
SEG D
0.093" (2.36mm)
SEG F SEG DP SEG B ISET SEG C SEG G SEG E 0.080" (2.03mm)
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 5267 SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO GND
14
Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Package Information
INCHES N
E
DIM A A1 B C e E H L
H
MAX MIN 0.093 0.104 0.004 0.012 0.014 0.019 0.009 0.013 0.050 0.291 0.299 0.394 0.419 0.050 0.016
SOICW.EPS
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
MILLIMETERS MIN 2.35 0.10 0.35 0.23
MAX 2.65 0.30 0.49 0.32
1.27 7.40 7.60 10.00 10.65 0.40
1.27
VARIATIONS:
1
INCHES
TOP VIEW
DIM D D D D D
D
A B
e
FRONT VIEW
MIN 0.398 0.447 0.496 0.598 0.697
MAX 0.413 0.463 0.512 0.614 0.713
MILLIMETERS MIN 10.10 11.35 12.60 15.20 17.70
MAX 10.50 11.75 13.00 15.60 18.10
N MS013 16 AA 18 AB 20 AC 24 AD 28 AE
C 0∞-8∞
A1 L
SIDE VIEW
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE:
PACKAGE OUTLINE, .300" SOIC APPROVAL
Maxim Integrated
DOCUMENT CONTROL NO.
21-0042
REV.
B
1
1
15
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers Package Information (continued)
PDIPN.EPS
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
16
Maxim Integrated
MAX7219/MAX7221 Serially Interfaced, 8-Digit LED Display Drivers
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
Maxim Integrated 160 Rio Robles, San Jose, CA 95134 USA 1-408-601-1000 © Maxim Integrated
17
The Maxim logo and Maxim Integrated are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
