Mechanical Cargo Cart with Solar-Powered Refrigerator
Mechanical Cargo Cart with Solar-Powered Refrigerator
FRIGERATOR
Beyond the standard design, we added some engineering calculations and research to our project: We calculated speed under a number of conditions (front wheel vs. rear wheel; with and without the fridge and payload) We used our gear ratios to determine the mechanical advantage of our transmission
We compared the ratios of times and mass to see if there was a correlation We calculated the amount of work that was needed to travel the entire track (Work = Force x Distance Newton-Meters or Joules) We calculated the number of runs we could get out of typical AA batteries (which
serve as back-up energy source for indoor time trials) We used NOAA resources to find the angle of incidence specific to race time We calculated how many calories of food could fit into our refrigerator We also calculated the surface area of the outside of our fridgerator MODIFICATIONS since last race ! : Cart modified with posts so mechanized cart can travel solo once fridge reaches destination; more detailed analysis of caloric capacity in fridge; repairs to trim near gears; repairs to levers to pitch solar panels at maximize angle of incidence at the sun; used Google SketchUp for scaled drawings
Solar Panels capture photons from the sun by absorption into silicon, a semi-conductor, which has boron and phosphorus to help make it more ready to energize. The electrons move from the panel into the metal wires to power the motor. The mechanical motor spins the shift which has a gear. The driver gear rotates in one direction to spin the other driven gear to create thrust. When the vehicle moves the energy is in the form of kinetic energy. The only place there is stored or potential energy is the backup batteries (chemical potential energy) and the elastic potential energy in foam tires. Some heat or thermal energy is lost along the way as we noted the batteries and motors heated up.
Energy Changes: PhotonsElectronsElectricityMechanical Kinetic
Paint sticks donated by Home Depot Balsa Wood for Crossbars
MATERIALS
h l
h
w
l
Layout of the Fridgerator (minus front door panel) *
Layout of the Front Door panel (with extendable flaps to serve as reflectors)
Laminated cake boards * - This is a good photo showing the net view or surface area of part of our vehicle; SA of outside = 2wl + 2wh + 2hl MATERIALS
OLD PROTOTYPE
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
Driver Gear : 10 Driven Gear: 60 Mechanical Advantage:
MA = 6:1
CONSTRUCTION – FINAL GEARS
TESTING PRECAUTION – WE ADDED A SPRING !
CONSTRUCTION
FINAL DESIGN DRAWINGS (TO SCALE ON GOOGLE SKETCHUP)
The advantage of Google Sketch Up is that we could draw our design drawings to scale directly and rotate the image to view from all angles. We used the tools to find the exact 10 and 60 toothed gears. We used cylinders for the axles, wheels and motor shaft
FINAL DESIGN DRAWINGS (TO SCALE ON GOOGLE SKETCHUP)
The advantage of Google Sketch Up is that can design in 3-D. The paint sticks and balsa wood are rectangular prisms and the round components are cylinders.
Data proves Fridgerator runs better forwards with treads
IMPACT OF PAYLOAD AND FRIDGE FOR TRANSPORT
IMPACT OF PAYLOAD AND FRIDGE FOR TRANSPORT WITH FRESH BATTERIES
COMPARISON OF IMPACT OF PAYLOAD/FRIDGE MASS RATIOS & TIME RATIOS SINCE THE MASS WAS ~ TWICE AS LARGE WE EXPECTED A TIME INCREASE OF 2X, BUT THIS IS NOT THE CASE
Which battery would be the best back-up battery for time trials? SEE ABOVE
INCIDENCE OF SUN ANGLE Based on the date you can look up the incidence of angle for a location using the latitude and longitude using a resource from NOAA. This is what is predicted for typical day in May 2015:
VOLUME OF REFRIDGERATOR AND TYPICAL CALORIES BY FOOD TYPE Volume in typical Fridge:
Formula (w*h*d)
Volume (Cubic Inch)
Total Volume (Cubic Inches)
Deli
16
5
18 1,440.00
Small Compartment
16
8
18 2,304.00
Total Volume (Cubic Foot)
Large Compartment
16
15
18 4,320.00
9.17
Medium Compartment
16
9
18 2,592.00
Vegetable
16
9
18 2,592.00
Crisper
16
9
18 2,592.00
Calories in Compartment Foods:
Calories
15,840.00
Density
Deli Ham
46 per ounce
0.34 inches cubed
Cheese
75 per ounce
1.71 inches cubed
17 per ounce
0.6 inches cubed
Milk
1952 per gallon
231 inches cubed
Orange Juice
1792 per gallon
231 inches cubed
204 per dozen
N/A inches cubed
Vegetables
5 per ounce
2.25 inches cubed
Fruits
9 per ounce
1.65 inches cubed
Small Compartment Yogurt Large Compartment
Medium Compartment Eggs Vegetable Crisper
CONTINUED
VOLUME OF REFRIDGERATOR AND TYPICAL CALORIES BY FOOD TYPE (See previous page for compartment and caloric values) Calculation of Calories in Compartments
Formula
Deli
volume/density*calories
Calculation
218,117
Ham
97,412
Cheese
31,579
Small Compartment Yogurt
65,280
Large Compartment Milk
1,952
Orange Juice
1,792
Medium Compartment Eggs
204
Vegetabl e Vegetables
5,760
Crisper Fruits
Total Calories
14,138
FRIGERATOR
Beyond the standard design, we added some engineering calculations and research to our project: We calculated speed under a number of conditions (front wheel vs. rear wheel; with and without the fridge and payload) We used our gear ratios to determine the mechanical advantage of our transmission
We compared the ratios of times and mass to see if there was a correlation We calculated the amount of work that was needed to travel the entire track (Work = Force x Distance Newton-Meters or Joules) We calculated the number of runs we could get out of typical AA batteries (which
serve as back-up energy source for indoor time trials) We used NOAA resources to find the angle of incidence specific to race time We calculated how many calories of food could fit into our refrigerator We also calculated the surface area of the outside of our fridgerator MODIFICATIONS since last race ! : Cart modified with posts so mechanized cart can travel solo once fridge reaches destination; more detailed analysis of caloric capacity in fridge; repairs to trim near gears; repairs to levers to pitch solar panels at maximize angle of incidence at the sun; used Google SketchUp for scaled drawings
Solar Panels capture photons from the sun by absorption into silicon, a semi-conductor, which has boron and phosphorus to help make it more ready to energize. The electrons move from the panel into the metal wires to power the motor. The mechanical motor spins the shift which has a gear. The driver gear rotates in one direction to spin the other driven gear to create thrust. When the vehicle moves the energy is in the form of kinetic energy. The only place there is stored or potential energy is the backup batteries (chemical potential energy) and the elastic potential energy in foam tires. Some heat or thermal energy is lost along the way as we noted the batteries and motors heated up.
Energy Changes: PhotonsElectronsElectricityMechanical Kinetic
Paint sticks donated by Home Depot Balsa Wood for Crossbars
MATERIALS
h l
h
w
l
Layout of the Fridgerator (minus front door panel) *
Layout of the Front Door panel (with extendable flaps to serve as reflectors)
Laminated cake boards * - This is a good photo showing the net view or surface area of part of our vehicle; SA of outside = 2wl + 2wh + 2hl MATERIALS
OLD PROTOTYPE
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
Driver Gear : 10 Driven Gear: 60 Mechanical Advantage:
MA = 6:1
CONSTRUCTION – FINAL GEARS
TESTING PRECAUTION – WE ADDED A SPRING !
CONSTRUCTION
FINAL DESIGN DRAWINGS (TO SCALE ON GOOGLE SKETCHUP)
The advantage of Google Sketch Up is that we could draw our design drawings to scale directly and rotate the image to view from all angles. We used the tools to find the exact 10 and 60 toothed gears. We used cylinders for the axles, wheels and motor shaft
FINAL DESIGN DRAWINGS (TO SCALE ON GOOGLE SKETCHUP)
The advantage of Google Sketch Up is that can design in 3-D. The paint sticks and balsa wood are rectangular prisms and the round components are cylinders.
Data proves Fridgerator runs better forwards with treads
IMPACT OF PAYLOAD AND FRIDGE FOR TRANSPORT
IMPACT OF PAYLOAD AND FRIDGE FOR TRANSPORT WITH FRESH BATTERIES
COMPARISON OF IMPACT OF PAYLOAD/FRIDGE MASS RATIOS & TIME RATIOS SINCE THE MASS WAS ~ TWICE AS LARGE WE EXPECTED A TIME INCREASE OF 2X, BUT THIS IS NOT THE CASE
Which battery would be the best back-up battery for time trials? SEE ABOVE
INCIDENCE OF SUN ANGLE Based on the date you can look up the incidence of angle for a location using the latitude and longitude using a resource from NOAA. This is what is predicted for typical day in May 2015:
VOLUME OF REFRIDGERATOR AND TYPICAL CALORIES BY FOOD TYPE Volume in typical Fridge:
Formula (w*h*d)
Volume (Cubic Inch)
Total Volume (Cubic Inches)
Deli
16
5
18 1,440.00
Small Compartment
16
8
18 2,304.00
Total Volume (Cubic Foot)
Large Compartment
16
15
18 4,320.00
9.17
Medium Compartment
16
9
18 2,592.00
Vegetable
16
9
18 2,592.00
Crisper
16
9
18 2,592.00
Calories in Compartment Foods:
Calories
15,840.00
Density
Deli Ham
46 per ounce
0.34 inches cubed
Cheese
75 per ounce
1.71 inches cubed
17 per ounce
0.6 inches cubed
Milk
1952 per gallon
231 inches cubed
Orange Juice
1792 per gallon
231 inches cubed
204 per dozen
N/A inches cubed
Vegetables
5 per ounce
2.25 inches cubed
Fruits
9 per ounce
1.65 inches cubed
Small Compartment Yogurt Large Compartment
Medium Compartment Eggs Vegetable Crisper
CONTINUED
VOLUME OF REFRIDGERATOR AND TYPICAL CALORIES BY FOOD TYPE (See previous page for compartment and caloric values) Calculation of Calories in Compartments
Formula
Deli
volume/density*calories
Calculation
218,117
Ham
97,412
Cheese
31,579
Small Compartment Yogurt
65,280
Large Compartment Milk
1,952
Orange Juice
1,792
Medium Compartment Eggs
204
Vegetabl e Vegetables
5,760
Crisper Fruits
Total Calories
14,138
