medium and heavy duty hybrid certification issues and opportunities
MEDIUM AND HEAVY DUTY HYBRID CERTIFICATION ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES Matt Smith – Navistar Certification & Compliance September 27, 2011
NYSE: NAV
Environmental Leadership
Zero Emission Plug In Hybrid Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Alternative Fuels
Green Diesel Technology
Advanced EGR NYSE: NAV
2
Medium- and Heavy-Duty Certification Issues and Opportunities • Regulatory Limits to MD and HD Hybrid Certification • Hybrid OBD, Battery and Emissions Warranty • Conventional Certification Alternatives
NYSE: NAV
3
EPA & CARB Certification – Conventional • EPA and CARB Certification – Conventional Platforms – 14,000 GVWR Engine Only
• Why Engine Only >14K GVWR? – Applications and Vocations Varied – No Standardization – Regulatory Inertia - “It Works, Why Change It?”
• What About Hybrids?
NYSE: NAV
4
EPA Hybrid Certification • Currently No Regulatory Guidance • HDGHG Rule – Creates Part 1066 Chassis Testing • Only GHG No Provisions for Criteria Pollutants – Engine certification for pre transmission hybrids – Chassis or power train for post transmission hybrids – Other – hydraulic, kinetic “talk to us if you have a better idea” – OBD too early to tell the full impact – to be continued ….
NYSE: NAV
5
CARB Hybrid Certification • Interim Hybrid Certification Procedure (2002) – Optional – Conventional vs. Hybrid – HDUDDS and OCTA with vocational specific option – Combined chassis and engine test - EFR – SAE J2711 currently under review, correction for CO2 only – Charge sustaining and charge depleting
NYSE: NAV
6
CARB Hybrid Certification – Cycles HDUDDS
OCTA
Why Vocation Specific Cycle? Showcase Product Benefits
NYSE: NAV
7
CARB Hybrid Certification – EFR Emission Factor Ratio (EFR)
NOx
gram Chassis Mile Hybrid gram Bhp − hr Engine Bhp − hr Hybrid Mile Emission Factor Ratio = = gram Baseline Bhp − hr Mile Chassis Mile Baseline gram Engine Bhp − hr HEVCertification = NOx Emission Factor Ratio * Hybrid Engine NOx
Allows mixing and matching of engine and vehicle ratings = Opportunity NYSE: NAV
8
EPA & CARB Certification – Overview Hybrid Engine Certification Regulated Emission Engine Certification Requirements Engine OBD
EPA HD-NPRM Criteria Pollutants Yes FTP, RMC, NTE Yes - transition +2016/17
CARB Interim Certification Procedure Criteria Pollutants Yes - option for hybrid only FTP, RMC, NTE - or hybrid equivalence Yes - EPA alignment unclear or TBD
Hybrid Vehicle Certification Class 2B-8 5-8 Regulated Emission GHG - CO2 , CH4, N20 Criteria Pollutants Vehicle, Powertrain or Vehicle Test Type Power Pack "A" to "B" engine flexibility No Yes using emission factor ratio Cycles CARB 4 mode OC, HDUDDS + Optional Vocational Specific Vocation Specific Weightings 1/7 Cold + 6/7 Hots PTO Test Provisions Yes Yes Replicates No Cold +3 hots SOC Correction SAE 2711 SAE 2711 FUL same as engine same as engine Battery DF Yes Waived for near term Service Class Flexibility TBD None - strict interpretation based on class
NYSE: NAV
9
EPA & CARB Certification – Issues • OBD – The best ideas are useless, if it cannot be diagnosed – SAE J1939 communications are “engine-centric” – No rigorous hybrid OBD, manufacturer proprietary only • Absent standard protocol, hybrid systems can communicate diagnostic state to varied engine manufacturers. • Proprietary nature limits standardization because CBI
– – – – –
NYSE: NAV
No previous regulatory requirement, added cost not required Low regulatory visibility for hybrids until 2009 ≈“Production Prototype” AFV exemption from OBD doesn’t apply to hybrids EPA and CARB guidance in formative stages Proposed Implementation - 2016 new product, 2017 legacy product
10
EPA & CARB Certification – Opportunities • Complete Vehicle Optimization and Certification – EPA No regulatory provisions for criteria pollutants only GHG – CARB still requires engine certification for EFR
• Vehicle Optimization ≠ Engine Optimization for certification • Incentives – IRS, CARB HVIP, various other state and local – Back loaded after FET, taxes, dealer mark up – Front loaded waiver on battery warranty, OBD other TBD
NYSE: NAV
11
EPA & CARB Certification – Opportunities • Power Pack – engine combined with a hybrid system – PTO and transmission contribution development is ongoing
• Powertrain – engine, transmission and hybrid system ≠ body – PTO and transmission benefits included
• Full Vehicle – Chassis testing • Hardware In the Loop Simulation (HILS) – Virtual vehicle engine, hybrid and diagnostic control development and certification – Flexibility to modify configuration in a virtual environment and validate on Power Pack, Power Train or Full Vehicle
NYSE: NAV
12
The Future Truck?
NYSE: NAV
13
NYSE: NAV
Environmental Leadership
Zero Emission Plug In Hybrid Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Alternative Fuels
Green Diesel Technology
Advanced EGR NYSE: NAV
2
Medium- and Heavy-Duty Certification Issues and Opportunities • Regulatory Limits to MD and HD Hybrid Certification • Hybrid OBD, Battery and Emissions Warranty • Conventional Certification Alternatives
NYSE: NAV
3
EPA & CARB Certification – Conventional • EPA and CARB Certification – Conventional Platforms – 14,000 GVWR Engine Only
• Why Engine Only >14K GVWR? – Applications and Vocations Varied – No Standardization – Regulatory Inertia - “It Works, Why Change It?”
• What About Hybrids?
NYSE: NAV
4
EPA Hybrid Certification • Currently No Regulatory Guidance • HDGHG Rule – Creates Part 1066 Chassis Testing • Only GHG No Provisions for Criteria Pollutants – Engine certification for pre transmission hybrids – Chassis or power train for post transmission hybrids – Other – hydraulic, kinetic “talk to us if you have a better idea” – OBD too early to tell the full impact – to be continued ….
NYSE: NAV
5
CARB Hybrid Certification • Interim Hybrid Certification Procedure (2002) – Optional – Conventional vs. Hybrid – HDUDDS and OCTA with vocational specific option – Combined chassis and engine test - EFR – SAE J2711 currently under review, correction for CO2 only – Charge sustaining and charge depleting
NYSE: NAV
6
CARB Hybrid Certification – Cycles HDUDDS
OCTA
Why Vocation Specific Cycle? Showcase Product Benefits
NYSE: NAV
7
CARB Hybrid Certification – EFR Emission Factor Ratio (EFR)
NOx
gram Chassis Mile Hybrid gram Bhp − hr Engine Bhp − hr Hybrid Mile Emission Factor Ratio = = gram Baseline Bhp − hr Mile Chassis Mile Baseline gram Engine Bhp − hr HEVCertification = NOx Emission Factor Ratio * Hybrid Engine NOx
Allows mixing and matching of engine and vehicle ratings = Opportunity NYSE: NAV
8
EPA & CARB Certification – Overview Hybrid Engine Certification Regulated Emission Engine Certification Requirements Engine OBD
EPA HD-NPRM Criteria Pollutants Yes FTP, RMC, NTE Yes - transition +2016/17
CARB Interim Certification Procedure Criteria Pollutants Yes - option for hybrid only FTP, RMC, NTE - or hybrid equivalence Yes - EPA alignment unclear or TBD
Hybrid Vehicle Certification Class 2B-8 5-8 Regulated Emission GHG - CO2 , CH4, N20 Criteria Pollutants Vehicle, Powertrain or Vehicle Test Type Power Pack "A" to "B" engine flexibility No Yes using emission factor ratio Cycles CARB 4 mode OC, HDUDDS + Optional Vocational Specific Vocation Specific Weightings 1/7 Cold + 6/7 Hots PTO Test Provisions Yes Yes Replicates No Cold +3 hots SOC Correction SAE 2711 SAE 2711 FUL same as engine same as engine Battery DF Yes Waived for near term Service Class Flexibility TBD None - strict interpretation based on class
NYSE: NAV
9
EPA & CARB Certification – Issues • OBD – The best ideas are useless, if it cannot be diagnosed – SAE J1939 communications are “engine-centric” – No rigorous hybrid OBD, manufacturer proprietary only • Absent standard protocol, hybrid systems can communicate diagnostic state to varied engine manufacturers. • Proprietary nature limits standardization because CBI
– – – – –
NYSE: NAV
No previous regulatory requirement, added cost not required Low regulatory visibility for hybrids until 2009 ≈“Production Prototype” AFV exemption from OBD doesn’t apply to hybrids EPA and CARB guidance in formative stages Proposed Implementation - 2016 new product, 2017 legacy product
10
EPA & CARB Certification – Opportunities • Complete Vehicle Optimization and Certification – EPA No regulatory provisions for criteria pollutants only GHG – CARB still requires engine certification for EFR
• Vehicle Optimization ≠ Engine Optimization for certification • Incentives – IRS, CARB HVIP, various other state and local – Back loaded after FET, taxes, dealer mark up – Front loaded waiver on battery warranty, OBD other TBD
NYSE: NAV
11
EPA & CARB Certification – Opportunities • Power Pack – engine combined with a hybrid system – PTO and transmission contribution development is ongoing
• Powertrain – engine, transmission and hybrid system ≠ body – PTO and transmission benefits included
• Full Vehicle – Chassis testing • Hardware In the Loop Simulation (HILS) – Virtual vehicle engine, hybrid and diagnostic control development and certification – Flexibility to modify configuration in a virtual environment and validate on Power Pack, Power Train or Full Vehicle
NYSE: NAV
12
The Future Truck?
NYSE: NAV
13
