Mocha?
Undergraduate: Abdulrahman Hayel Saeed Category: Social Science, Business, Law Degree Level: Bachelor in Poli@cal Science Abstract ID# 963
Coffee : A long-term solution for Yemen Abstract Given the political situation in Yemen today, there needs to be an immediate long-term solution. The vision is to establish a coffee industry in Yemen that will economically rebuild the country in the long term, as well as provide an employment opportunity given that 40% of the population is unemployed. By analyzing the international coffee trade, historical patterns, and incorporating an innovative approach to international affairs and foreign policy, Yemen could overcome its challenges and expand its 0.1% world market share in coffee production. Furthermore, the orientation of the Yemeni society has not been understood enough by the west due to a complex culture. This simple yet important solution can become a breakthrough in what has been a foreign policy failure in the Middle East. The international community has also granted $8 billion dollars to Yemen prior to the resignation of government which could be sufficient for financing such a national policy. The Yemeni coffee could remind people of what had worked in the past as well as provide a lesson for the future.
Aims •
•
• • • •
Methods
To construct a national public policy that focuses on the establishment of a coffee industry as a solution to Yemen’s current transitional state. Create an economic national policy with international assistance (Similar to the UN Oil-For-Food program in Iraq) employment and sustainability. Find a constructivist approach to international affairs and public policy. Fix the reputation of Yemen from a nation harboring AQAP to a leading coffee exporting and respected state. Create a sensible strategy to tackle poverty and social conditions. Estimated time for significant production 10 years.
•
• • • • • •
Government and private investment in a coffee plantation project that will guarantee supply. Entrepreneurial and diplomatic efforts by private business entities existing in Yemen. World Bank aid : $8 billion (pending/suspended for political reasons) including Gulf States assistance. Learn from and follow Vietnam in their 20 year miracle coffee industry. Mocha port. Provide an economic solution to a political dilemma. Agricultural reform and technical assistance.
Mocha?
Coffee was originally discovered in Ethiopia during the 6th century. However, it was first cultivated and exported from the port of Mocha in Yemen (1600s). Under the Ottomans, this precious commodity was tightly regulated and cultivated the commodity so that no one could smuggle the beans. Coffee was exported to countries such as Austria and the Netherlands and soon its popularity spread throughout Europe. By the 1860, Yemen produced 60,000 tons almost triple the production today. The word Mocha today has lost its connection with its origin. The world needs to be reminded of its significance and benefits it can bring.
Overview of the Coffee Market Industry: Value: $173 billion Consumption: 142 million bags 1bag = 60kg Export: $20 billion Re-export: $10.4 billion Market price (ICO): 130cents/bag (March)
Market share of countries (examples): Brazil 35% Indonesia (Java/Sumatra) 21% Vietnam 14% Ethiopia 5% Colombia 7% Hawaii (USA) 0.01% Yemen 0.1%
Note: According to the International Coffee Organization
Global demand will increase to 25% by 2020.
Conclusion: A Yemeni Opportunity
Economic Globalization: Types of theories Constructivist: Emphasis on motivations, ideas, interests, and political agency. Conjunctural: Configuration of social forces and historical circumstances. The combina,on of the two approaches as a pla4orm of study on the Yemeni economy is most accurately viewed under these economic forms of explana,on.
The essence of the Yemeni situation is a human crises. It requires awareness, legal efforts, diplomatic and financial assistance, all of which are primary components for public policy. The fact that people cannot find any jobs leads them to resort to desperate measures. Therefore the sensible solution is to provide an opportunity for employment to tackle the source of the problem. This will reduce desperation and simultaneously provide political stability and government income. The benefit of such a policy extends beyond Yemen. The added value is that it expands global trade and business opportunities. It is also an opportunity for international affairs and diplomacy to achieve a successful policy in the Middle East. Countries who have historically undertaken a coffee revolution prove to excel in development; some countries achieved it after a time of war. A coffee revolution would be a stepping stone for a public policy that has proven to rebuild nations. References: Black, John D. Economics for Agriculture; Selected Writings. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1959. Print. Clifton, Jim. The Coming Jobs War. New York: Gallup, 2013. Print. Lackner, Helen. Why Yemen Matters: A Society in Transition. N.p. Print.
Moldvaer, Anette. Coffee Obsession. 2014. Print. Ravenhill, John. Global Political Economy. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005. Print. "A Review of the Coffee Market from 1963 to 2014." International Coffee Organization. N.p. Web. 19 Mar. 2015. Pendergrast, Mark. Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World. New York, NY: Basic, 1999. Print.
Coffee : A long-term solution for Yemen Abstract Given the political situation in Yemen today, there needs to be an immediate long-term solution. The vision is to establish a coffee industry in Yemen that will economically rebuild the country in the long term, as well as provide an employment opportunity given that 40% of the population is unemployed. By analyzing the international coffee trade, historical patterns, and incorporating an innovative approach to international affairs and foreign policy, Yemen could overcome its challenges and expand its 0.1% world market share in coffee production. Furthermore, the orientation of the Yemeni society has not been understood enough by the west due to a complex culture. This simple yet important solution can become a breakthrough in what has been a foreign policy failure in the Middle East. The international community has also granted $8 billion dollars to Yemen prior to the resignation of government which could be sufficient for financing such a national policy. The Yemeni coffee could remind people of what had worked in the past as well as provide a lesson for the future.
Aims •
•
• • • •
Methods
To construct a national public policy that focuses on the establishment of a coffee industry as a solution to Yemen’s current transitional state. Create an economic national policy with international assistance (Similar to the UN Oil-For-Food program in Iraq) employment and sustainability. Find a constructivist approach to international affairs and public policy. Fix the reputation of Yemen from a nation harboring AQAP to a leading coffee exporting and respected state. Create a sensible strategy to tackle poverty and social conditions. Estimated time for significant production 10 years.
•
• • • • • •
Government and private investment in a coffee plantation project that will guarantee supply. Entrepreneurial and diplomatic efforts by private business entities existing in Yemen. World Bank aid : $8 billion (pending/suspended for political reasons) including Gulf States assistance. Learn from and follow Vietnam in their 20 year miracle coffee industry. Mocha port. Provide an economic solution to a political dilemma. Agricultural reform and technical assistance.
Mocha?
Coffee was originally discovered in Ethiopia during the 6th century. However, it was first cultivated and exported from the port of Mocha in Yemen (1600s). Under the Ottomans, this precious commodity was tightly regulated and cultivated the commodity so that no one could smuggle the beans. Coffee was exported to countries such as Austria and the Netherlands and soon its popularity spread throughout Europe. By the 1860, Yemen produced 60,000 tons almost triple the production today. The word Mocha today has lost its connection with its origin. The world needs to be reminded of its significance and benefits it can bring.
Overview of the Coffee Market Industry: Value: $173 billion Consumption: 142 million bags 1bag = 60kg Export: $20 billion Re-export: $10.4 billion Market price (ICO): 130cents/bag (March)
Market share of countries (examples): Brazil 35% Indonesia (Java/Sumatra) 21% Vietnam 14% Ethiopia 5% Colombia 7% Hawaii (USA) 0.01% Yemen 0.1%
Note: According to the International Coffee Organization
Global demand will increase to 25% by 2020.
Conclusion: A Yemeni Opportunity
Economic Globalization: Types of theories Constructivist: Emphasis on motivations, ideas, interests, and political agency. Conjunctural: Configuration of social forces and historical circumstances. The combina,on of the two approaches as a pla4orm of study on the Yemeni economy is most accurately viewed under these economic forms of explana,on.
The essence of the Yemeni situation is a human crises. It requires awareness, legal efforts, diplomatic and financial assistance, all of which are primary components for public policy. The fact that people cannot find any jobs leads them to resort to desperate measures. Therefore the sensible solution is to provide an opportunity for employment to tackle the source of the problem. This will reduce desperation and simultaneously provide political stability and government income. The benefit of such a policy extends beyond Yemen. The added value is that it expands global trade and business opportunities. It is also an opportunity for international affairs and diplomacy to achieve a successful policy in the Middle East. Countries who have historically undertaken a coffee revolution prove to excel in development; some countries achieved it after a time of war. A coffee revolution would be a stepping stone for a public policy that has proven to rebuild nations. References: Black, John D. Economics for Agriculture; Selected Writings. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1959. Print. Clifton, Jim. The Coming Jobs War. New York: Gallup, 2013. Print. Lackner, Helen. Why Yemen Matters: A Society in Transition. N.p. Print.
Moldvaer, Anette. Coffee Obsession. 2014. Print. Ravenhill, John. Global Political Economy. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005. Print. "A Review of the Coffee Market from 1963 to 2014." International Coffee Organization. N.p. Web. 19 Mar. 2015. Pendergrast, Mark. Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World. New York, NY: Basic, 1999. Print.
