NATIVE SHRUBS
NATIVE SHRUBS Scientific Name
Common Name
Sun
Soil
Notes
Aesculus parviflora [PLD 10]
Bottlebrush Buckeye full sun to moist,well-drained drained partial soil shade; woodland edge
Zones 4-8 8-12'x8-15;; 8-12" long bottlebrush-shaped, ed inflorescences; four-petaled
Red Buckeye
Another native buckeye; grouped or massed in light shade;rich red flowers in April & May;habit is rounded; appears almost shrublike; abhors dry soils; 1520' and wide; Zones 4 to 8
with white 4-petaled flowers;
use it for underplanting in woodlands, shrub border,large mass; "one of the best native shrubs for latespring and early summer flower" [Dirr 33]
Aesculus pavia
light shade moist soils;modicum some shade
Amelanchier arborea Downy Serviceberry; Full sun or Moist, well-drained, also Juneberry; Shad partial slightly acid soil bush;Service-Tree; shade Servis-Tree
Can be a small, single trunk tree or large, multi-stemmed shrub; A.arborea,A.canadensis A.laevis a all in trade but can be confused; 4 season interest-white flowers in April-May;fruit in June; fall color red-orange; winter form good
Amorpha fruticosa
Indigobush;Bastard Indigo;False Indigo
full sun
does well in poor, dry,sandy soils
Zones 4-9;first introduced in 1724; 6-20'X 5-15';"ungainly" [Dirr-M] deciduous, leggy,with purple-blue flowers
Aralia spinosa
Devils Walkingstick or Hercules-club
full sun or well-drained,moist partial fertile soils;or dry, shade rocky or heavy soils
10-20';large, few-stemmed shrub or small tree;Zones 4-9; white flowers;novelty plant introduced 1688
Aronia arbutifolia [PLD 12]
Red chokeberry
full sun or tolerates wet to part shade dry conditions
Nice fruit in fall & winter; 6-8'; upright shrub;white flowers; looks best in mass plantings; 'Brilliantissima'; tolerates urban conditions
Aronia melanocarpa Black chokeberry full sun or tolerates wet to [PLD12] part shade dry conditions [A.x prunifolia -similar to A.melanocarpa except it is larger; not a hybrid]
both red and black are Zones 4 to 9; a PHS Gold Medal Plant Award winner in 2000
Baccharis halimifolia
multi-stemmed, semievergreen to deciduous shrub; good mass planting;white flowers;5-12';cold hardy to Boston [Dirr-M];Zone 5-9
Groundsel-bush
coastal
grows in the "most impoverished soil" [Dirr]
1
NATIVE SHRUBS Callicarpa americana American Beautyberry
sun part sun
evenly moist soil best for shade
lavender-pink flowers; violet fruit in the fall;suitable for massing; thrives with neglect;3-8' high & wide;zones 6(7) to 10
adaptable to most soils; deep moist loam
Introduced 1726;Zones 4-9; aromatic stem when bruised; 6-9' X 6-12'; flowers June to July; maroon to almost red flowers;leathery, brown fruit; fruity smelling flowers
Calycanthus floridus
Common Sweetshrub sun or Carolina Allspice; shade Strawberry shrub
Carpinus caroliniana
American Hornbeam, does well deep, rich, moist, Blue Beech, Ironwood in heavy slightly acid soil; shade will grow in drier sites
20-30';small to medium, multistemmed shrub or singlestemmed tree;Zone 3b-9; monoecious; often seen in the woods
Ceanothus americanus
New Jersey Tea; Red- full sun or light, well-drained wood, Wild Snowball shade soil;tolerates dryness;
tough shrub in the summer garden;thrives in poor, dry soil; grows 3';flowers in July; white blossoms; unusual black fruit opens to white nutlets; blooms on new wood;Zone 4-8; introduced 1713
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Buttonbush
wet areas; adverse tp dryness
Rounded 3-6' (10-15'); creamy white flowers;Zone 5-11; introduced in 1735
Clethra alnifolia [PLD 10]
Sweet pepperbush; Summersweet Clethra
moist, slightly acid soil; tolerates wetness; on poor sites is thin & straggly
Fragrant flowers in early to midsummer; erect 4-6" long flower racemes are long lasting; fall color is yellow to orange;4-8' with smaller cultivars;compact cultivars include 'Compacta,' Hummingbird,''Ruby Spice' can colonize to 6-8' wide
Clethra acuminata
Cinnamon Clethra
partial shade
Medium-sized, suckering shrub;8-12';white, slightly fragrant flowers;"not preferable to C.alnifoliafolia" " [Dirr];Zone [Dirr-M];5-8 5-8
2
NATIVE SHRUBS Cornus sericea Shrubby dogwoods; C.alternifolia,C. amo- Red Twig Dogwood, mum,C.racemosa, Yellow Twig, etc. C.stolonifera [PLD 12]
partial shade to full sun
tolerates wet conditions
Corylus americana
American Filbert
full sun or well-drained, light shade loamy soil; pH adaptable
Zone 4-9;8-10' usually larger, multi-stemmed;rounded top; monoecious; prune anytime; introduced 1798
Diervilla sessilifolia [PLD 10]
Bush-honeysuckle
full sun or shade
3-5' suckering shrub; sulfur yellow flowers June to August; flowers on new wood;prune in spring; "tough plant" [PLD]
Dirca palustris
Eastern Leatherwood
shade loving
Euonymus americanus
American Euonymus forest Strawberry bush shade
E. atropurpureus
Eastern Wahoo
Fothergilla gardenii
Dwarf Fothergilla
sun;more moist but good dense in drainage; acid sun soil
2-3';same spread;Zone (4)5-8(9); forms a dense mound;white, fragrant flowers April to May; foundation plantings, borders; masses;great fall color
F.major
Large Fothergilla
sun
acid soil
Zone 4-9;6-10'; less spread; rounded, multi-stemmed; very dense; white bottlebrush-like spikes in April-May; fall color is yellow to orange to scarlet
Gaylusaccia brachycera
Box Huckleberry
partial shade
acid,organic-laden, well-drained soil
Zones 5-7; 1/2'-1 1/2' high; speads "indefinitely" [Dirr]; Dirr-M]; broadleaf evergreen; deep bronze to reddish purple in the fall; almost suckering; forms large colonies;white to pink
any inhospitable soil; plant is "adaptable" [Dirr]
7-9' multi-stemmed shrub with red or yellow stems in winter; Yellow Twig 'Silver & Gold';use for borders,massing,etc. Some sucker to form colonies;most do not require acid soil conditions; white spring flowers;four season plant;creates beautiful winter landscape. Zones 2-7
Good plant for shady places; not readily available; habit is oval to rounded;yellow flowers in March and April;3-6' high and wide; Zones 4-9
woodland soils
Suckering 4-6', green-stemmed; flowers in May-June; heavy fruit;zone (5)6-9; introduced in 1697 Large shrub or small tree;1224" high; seldom seen in gardens; reddish purple color in Fall;Zone 4-9; introduced 1756
3
NATIVE SHRUBS Hamamelis vernalis
Vernal witchhazel
shelter of moist or dry soil neighbor- alkaline tolerant; ing trees color better in low pH soil
H. virginiana
Common Witchhazel shade
Hydrangea arborescens [PLD 11]
Smooth Hydrangea
Sun or well-drainedd soil soil; Deciduous shrub grows to 3-5' light shade organic laden;acid or and wide; large 1' flowers of higher pH Annabelle' bloom from June through July;cut back halfway in spring; Zones Zones4-9;requires 4 to 9; requires lots of water in hot, dry summers plants in the wild are loose and open in habit
H. quercifolia
Oakleaf Hydrangea
sun or partial shade
Hypericum prolificum
Shrubby St. Johnswort
full sun or does well in dry, partial rocky soils;pH shade adaptable
H.densiflorum
Dense Hypericum
Ilex glabra [PLD 14]
Inkberry Holly
Ilex laevigata
Smooth Winterberry
acid soil with plenty of organic matter
moist,fertile, welldrained soil
Mounded-rounded; often suckers and colonizes; leaves turn yellow in fall; pungent fragrance; flowers in January or February; use for massing, naturalizing, or grouping; 6-10', wider at maturity Zones 4 to 8 Yellow, fragrant flowers in October to December; fall foliage color develops as flowers open; more massive than H. vernalis --15-20' and wide; Zones 3 to 8(9) Dirr's hardiness #s
4-6' high/spread;Zone 5-9;white flowers in June to July ; prune after flowering; coarse; use in borders,massing, or shade; leaves shaped like red oak but green above and white below; can grow to 8' prune in early spring;1-4' X 1-4'; Zone 4-8;small,dense shrub; yellow flowers June-July; works well in shrub border; introduced 1750 Grows 4-6' X 3-4';upright, oval; densely twiggy & leafy;Zone 58; yellow flowers July-Sept
quite shade tolerant; grows in sun with ample moisture
'Densa' is upright and compact; transplants easily;grows to 4' with 4 1/2' spread in 9 years; pest and disease resistant; great alternative to boxwood; Zones 4 to 9 ;forms clump from suckers; never prune as hedge; normally 6-8' tall closely allied to I.verticillata except fruits are born singly; grows to 10'; has a yellowfruited cultivar;native in swamps and low woods;Zone 4-7 4
NATIVE SHRUBS Ilex opaca
American Holly
tolerates acid,moist, wellany light drained soil conditions prefers sun & protection from wind
Large shrub or tree; generally pyramidal, alternating spiny evergreen leaves;red berry-light erry-like fruit in October; can have yellow or orange fruit;tolerates pollution, drought & moderately wet areas; resists deer browsing; male pollinator nearby;Zones 5-9
Ilex verticillata [PLD 12]
Common Winterberry
sun to prefers moist, acid part shade soil
'Winter Red'--6-10' and wide; attractive yellow to red fall color; excellent winter berry appeal;'Scarlet O'Hara'-6-10' to 10'high and wide; tolerant of clay soil; no pest or disease problems'Rhett Butler' is her pollinator; deciduous;oval to rounded habit; Zones 3 to 9
Ilex decidua
Possumhaw
better adapted to alkaline soils than I.verticillata
Can grow 20-30' in the wild; 7-15'; shrub or small tree; flowers white;Zone 509; cultivated 1760
Itea virginica [PLD 12]
Virginia Sweetspire
full sun & can grow in wet heavy areas;withstands shade drought
Fragrant,summer flowers turn red & orange-brown & purple in Fall; flowers in June; bark is cinnamon and exfoliates on mature plants; flowers on old wood;prune after flowering in June; 'Saturnalia,' 'Little Henry' (3' & compact); 'Henry's Garnet' (3-4') normally normally; 3-5'; Zones 5-9; 2-6" long, 5/8" wide racemes;strongly suckering & multi-stemmed
Kalmia latifolia
Mountain Laurel
winter good drainage, acid shade; soil dense & rounded in full sun; more open & "artistic" in shade [Dirr]
flowering broadleaf evergreen; 7-15' and wide; newer cultivars are smaller; Zones 4-9;flowers in May to June; color ranges from white to pink to almost red; use in mass or groupings in a shady border; deadheading (removing of flower trusses) results in formation of new shoots on which new flower buds may form; leaves may droop in winter but not curl; tend to produce good flower displays every other year
Kalmia angustifolia
Sheep Laurel Lambkill Kalmia
semishade
low growing, 1-3', blue-green evergreen shrub; rounded and spreading habit; rose-pink flowers to crimson June-July; Zone 1-6(7);introduced 1736
found in rocky barrens,pastures, wet sterile soils [Dirr-M]
5
NATIVE SHRUBS Leiophyllum buxifolium
Box Sandmyrtle
full sun or moist, sandy, acid partial soil supplied with shade peat & leaf mold
1 1/2-3' X 4-5'; Zone 5 to high elevations in Southeast; small evergreen; erect, prostrate or decumbent; usually a dense bush;not easy to establish; introduced 1736:NJ southward
Leucothoe fontanesiana
Drooping Leucothoe
partial to moist, acid, wellfull shade; drained soil in dense the shade shade also
Graceful evergreen with long arching branches;thick leaves that turn red or bronze in winter; white flowers;use with other evergreens; foundation plantings; borders; good undergrowth plants; hide "leggy" plants; fragile in exposed areas; a; avoid wind and hot sun; 3-6' blooms in May May; [Dirr-M]
Leucothoe racemosa
Sweetbells Leucothoe
Lindera benzoin
Spicebush Wild Allspice Benjamin Bush
Lyonia mariana
Stagger-bush
Magnolia virginiana
Sweetbay Magnolia; Laurel or Swamp Magnolia
tolerates shade;
Myrica pensylvanica [PLD 14]
Northern Bayberry
full sun to very dry to wet half shade
Myrica cerifera
Southern Waxmyrtle
partial shade or full sun
moist to wet areas
deciduous to "tardily deciduous" [Dirr-M] shrub; 4-6' high & wide; white cylindric flowers May-June; understory shrub;Zone 5-9
acid,moist soil
6-12' high & wide;Zones 4-9; bruised stem emits spicy-sweet odor; yellow flowers in April; underutilized [Dirr]; large, multistemmed, rounded shrub, dense in sun;open in shade; red fruit in September & October deciduous;white or pinkish flowers May-June;red in Fall; Zone 5-9; introduced 1736
does well in wet even 10-20; in the North; 60' in swampy soils; southern range;small, multirequires acid soil stemmed, deciduous shrub;loose upright spreading habit; creamy white flowers May-June small patio or specimen tree; Zone 5-9
6
Salt tolerant;5-12' tall upright, rounded; suckers & forms colonies; leaves are aromatic; massing or borders;the species is dioecious--showy green flowers on male plants and gray, waxy coated drupes on female plants;Zones 2(3)-6;good for massing and grouping ; introduced 1725 southern version of the above; broadleaf evergreen; nitrogen fixing; grows 10-15'; cold sensitivity at 0; 1699
NATIVE SHRUBS
Myrica heterophylla
Swamp Bayberry
tolerates tolderant of wet sun and soils & grows in light shade bogs in the wild
semi-evergreen to evergreen;812'; coastal plane;Zone (6)7-9
Physocarpus opulifolius [PLD 14]
Common Ninebark Eastern Ninebark
adaptable to all conditions
5-10' X 6-10'; Zones 2-7;becomes dense & rounded with age; brown bark exfoliates in shaggy strips; white flowers in May & June; green to red fruit in SeptemberOctober; use for large foliage mass, screen, or hedge. 'Diablo'; 'Dart's Golden' more compact than 'Luteus'; 'Diablo' has attractive deep burgundy colored leaves ves, red fruit; deciduous
Pieris floribunda
Mountain Pieris; under woodsy, acid Fetterbush canopy; soil Mountain Andromeda north side of bldg; also full sun
evergreen; neat,bushy habit; low & rounded; 2-6' high & spread; white flowers;fragrant;Zone 4-6; introduced 1800
Potentilla fruticosa
Bush Cinquefoil
Yellow or white flowers in spring; slow grower;easy to grow; prune to keep low; 'Abbotswood' bottswood has dark, blue-green foliage; best white flower; blooms June to frost
Prunus americana
American Red Plum [Wild Plum, August Plum, Hog Plum]
Prunus maritima
Beach Plum
sun
Rhododendron arborescens
Sweet Azalea [native DE]
[vertical habit;good for DE wildlife especially butterflies & moths;subtle colors not bright colors;tubular flowers; woodland conditions for sun and soil]
Zones 5-8; white flowers early June & July;y;van. fragrance Fragrance of of heliotrope; deciduous; 8-20' one of several native azaleas; not susceptible to azalea lace bug
R.atlanticum
Coast Azalea [native DE]
sun
acid soil dry soil
5-8';Zones 3-9;white rarely pink flowers; clovelike fragrance ance; flowers in May; deciduous uous; very low growing
R.periclymenoides (R.nudiflorum)
Pinxterbloom Azalea [native DE]
acid soil
deciduous; May bloom; 4-6' but up to 10'; Zones 4-8 many-branched rounded to spreading shrub;near white to pink to violet
Sun to partial shade
withstands poor to dry soil
common shrub or tree;Zone 38;forms large colonies along roadsides; requires "no special cultural requirement" [Dirr-M]; cultivated 1768 sandy,salt-laden soil
7
6'; can form large colonies;Zone 3-6; coastal;white spring flowers;edible fruit
NATIVE SHRUBS
R. vaseyi
Pink Shell Azalea [native DE]
acid soil
Zones 4-8; 5-10' 5-10'; blooms in May several white-flowered selections including 'Alba' deciduous ;red fall foliage
Other native Azaleas: R. canescens Piedmont Azalea 'Varnados Pink';Zones 2-6;moist, very acid soil;3-4';deciduous;May; purple flowers R.prinophyllum (R. roseum) Roseshell Azalea; blooms May; Zone 4-8;2-8' (up to 15') demoted as separate species;R.perclymenoides var. prinophyllum R. calendulaceum Flame Azalea; deciduous;yellow to orange to red flowers; not fragrant; blooms May to June; 4-8' and wide; can grow 12-15'; Zones 5-7 ; full sun R. viscosum Swamp Azalea; used to hybridize summer blooming azaleas; white flowers; clovelike fragrance;rather open shrub; 5-8' and wider at maturity; Zones 3-9 ;also called Swamp Honeysuckle acid soil
Allied to R.calendulaceum but more compact;flowers 2 weeks later;red but range from yellow orange to red;4-8';low growing; Zones 5-7; native to TN & NW Georgia
Rhododendron bakeri
Cumberland Azalea
Rhododendron carolinianum
Carolina Rhodendron
woodland acid soil; moist setting
rounded;flowers from pale rose to rose and lilac-rose;not used much in modern landscapes; one of the parents of R.' PJM'; grows 3-6';Zones 4(5) to 8 evergreen
R. maximum
Rosebay Rhodendron
woodland acid soil; moist setting shaded
seldom available;evergreen rhodo; very hardy;massive, rounded shrub;pink buds open white in June & July; 15-20' high & wide;Zones 3-7
R.catawbiense
Catawba Rhodendron
shade to acid soil partial shade
hardy, large, broadleaf evergreen Zones 6-7; 6-10' amd high and wide;wide; flowers mid to late May;y;"dull reddish lavender-pink flowers"
Rhus aromatica
Fragrant Sumac
full sun to tolerates partial dry shade conditions
'Gro Lo' is 2'x6' spread;roots at nodes; bank stabilization; yellow catkins on naked stems of males in late March/April; red fruit on female plants in August/September; 2-6' x 6-10' Zones 3-9
Rhus copallina
Flameleaf or Shining full sun Sumac
dry conditions
Large, suckering invasive plant; 20-30' high and wide;Zones 4-9
Rhus glabra [PLD 12]
Smooth Sumac
tolerates dry conditions
9-15' suckering shrub;great for large areas; orange-red-purple fall color; scarlet carlet fruit fruit; use on banks, slopes to naturalize; grows 10-15', greater in spread; Zones 2-9
full sun
8
NATIVE SHRUBS
Rhus typhina
Staghorn Sumac
full sun
adapted to many soil types; prefers well-drained soil; tolerates dry, sterile soil types; prefers
15-25'; equal spread;Zone 4-8; large,loose, open spreading shrub spreads by root suckers; yellow,orange, scarlet in Fall; forms wide-spreading colonies; cultivated 1629
Rosa virginiana
Virginia Rose
sun
adaptable; by the sea or inland
pink flowers; yellow to red Fall color; grows 4-6' high; Zones 3-7(8); fruit persist into winter; red canes provide interest
Other Rosa species: R. blanda, R. carolina, R. palustrus, R. setigera [descriptions ptions of these native roses can be found in Michael A. Dirr. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants. Stipes,pes, 1998 1998 revision] Sambucus canadensis [PLD 11]
American elder, Elderberry
full sun
moist areas; ditches
Large & scruffy; only suitable for rough areas of the garden; only merit is 6-10" creamy cymes of flowers in June & July; 5-12' high and wide; Zones 3-9 [Dirr-M]
Spiraea latifolia Spiraea tomentosa
Meadowsweet Hardhack, Steeplebush
full sun
grows in or near moist soils
common, suckering 2-4' along roadsides; pink and white flowers;Zone 3-5; cultivated 1789 "neither will win 'Spiraea' beauty contests…." [Dirr,Manual Dirr-M]
Staphylea trifolia
American Bladdernut heavy shade
moist, well-drained soil
performs better under cultivation where it is dense & vigorous; Zone 4-8;10-15' heavily branched upright, suckering; inflated, balloon-like fruit; cultivated 1640
Styrax americanus
American Snowbell
partial shade
moist;
"Underappreciated, underutilized native shrub" [Dirr]; white, bellshaped flowers; fall color; June & July bloom; good shrub for naturalizing in the wild; grows 8-10'high; Zones 5(6)-9
Symphoricarpos albus
Common Snowberry Eastern Snowberry
shade
thrives in limestone, clay soil
White fruit in autumn;shade tolerant; suckers profusely; good as filler or in mass plantings; can become unkempt; grows 3-6' high and wide; Zones 3 to 7
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
Indian Currant Coralberry or Buckbrush
Vaccinium angustifolium
Lowbush Blueberry
grows 2-5' X 4-8'; spreading & arching shrub; yellowish white flowers in June-July;purplish red fruit in October;Zone 2-7(8); introduced in 1727 full sun or acid, low fertility partial soils shade 9
Rarely planted in cultivation; foliage turns brilliant scarlet carletin & crimson in Fall; 1/2-2'; Zones 2 to 5
NATIVE SHRUBS
Vaccinium corymbosum [PLD 12]
Highbush Blueberry
full sun
acid soils
Fine ornamental shrub; in the border; multi-stemmed with spreading branches;winter stems vary from yellow-green to deep red; 6-12' X 8-12' wide; Zones 3 to 7
Viburnum sp. sp.[7 7 native Native species] species; excellent foliage;striking flowers; showy fruit; fall color; interesting winter appearance for many; V. acerifolium [PLD 12]
Mapleleaf Viburnum
full sun to tolerates dry soil partial and shade shade
4-6' low branching shrub; forms thickets;pink,rose to purple fall color;June white flowers;Zones 4-8; introduced ced 1736 blue-black berries
V. dentatum [PLD 12]
Arrowwood Viburnum
grows in either sun or shade; flowering and fruiting more profuse in a sunny situation
6-8' dense, multi-stemmed; good rosy pink to red fall color; variable in size;Zones 2-8; great hedge or screen
V. lentago
Nannyberry Viburnum
edge of the woods
Large shrub or small tree; often disfigured by mildew;white inflorescences open in May; green, yellow, rose and pink fruit; plant where air movement is excellent;15-18'.variable in spread; Zones nes2-7 2-7; can be 30'
V. nudum [PLD 12]
Winterthur Viburnum
edge of tolerates wet the woods soil colors more vivid in sun
6' with suckering habit; white flowers; purple fall color persists throughout the Fall
V. prunifolium [PLD 14]
Blackhaw Viburnum
sun or shade
tolerates dry soil
12-18';considered a multistemmed shrub or small tree; pinkish red to bronze Fall color; mass, border, or specimen planting; Zones 3-9
V. rufidulum
Rusty Blackhaw Viburnum
tolerates adaptable to dry heavy shade soils maximum flowering & fruiting in full sun
creamy white flowers; pink to blue-black fruit; reddish purple in the fall; enormous in the wild30-40'; use in border, screening & large groupings; Zones 5-9; grows 10-20' in cultivation
V. trilobum
American Cranberry- "cool bush Viburnum climate"
moist soils
10
Habit, flowers, & fruit quite similar to European Cranberrybush Viburnum; better choice for northern gardens because of superior fall color and resistance to aphids; 8-12'; use as hedge, screen, or to define property boundaries; Zones 2-6(7)
NATIVE SHRUBS V.alnifolium Hobblebush (now known as Viburnum lantanoides )
woodland adapted to shady, deep moist areas shade
Straggling shrub; 9-12';reddish color in Falll;best naturalized; Zone 3-5(6);blooms late April
V.cassinoides
sun or shade
5-6' with similar spread; dense, compact and rounded; fruit changes from green to pink, then red to blue to black; Zone 3-8; introduced 1761;underutilized
Witherod Viburnum
Zenobia pulverulenta Dusty Zenobia
full sun
moist, acid, welldrained soils
Underutilized native species; tends to sucker & colonize; white, anise-scented flowers in May & June;silvery blue summer foliage;use in mass plantings, in borders and hedges, along streams; grows 2-3(6)';);Zones Zones 5-9
Referemces are to [Dirr] = Michael A. Dirr. Hardy Trees and Shrubs: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, 1997 and [Dirr-M] = Michael A. Dirr. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants. Stipes, 1998 revision. PLD = Plants for a Livable Delaware, Susan Barton & Gary Schwetz, eds.[n.d.]
11
NATIVE SHRUBS
;Zones 4-8
12
NATIVE SHRUBS
13
NATIVE SHRUBS
14
NATIVE SHRUBS
15
NATIVE SHRUBS
16
NATIVE SHRUBS
;3-6';Zones
17
NATIVE SHRUBS
18
NATIVE SHRUBS
19
NATIVE SHRUBS
20
NATIVE SHRUBS
21
NATIVE SHRUBS
22
Common Name
Sun
Soil
Notes
Aesculus parviflora [PLD 10]
Bottlebrush Buckeye full sun to moist,well-drained drained partial soil shade; woodland edge
Zones 4-8 8-12'x8-15;; 8-12" long bottlebrush-shaped, ed inflorescences; four-petaled
Red Buckeye
Another native buckeye; grouped or massed in light shade;rich red flowers in April & May;habit is rounded; appears almost shrublike; abhors dry soils; 1520' and wide; Zones 4 to 8
with white 4-petaled flowers;
use it for underplanting in woodlands, shrub border,large mass; "one of the best native shrubs for latespring and early summer flower" [Dirr 33]
Aesculus pavia
light shade moist soils;modicum some shade
Amelanchier arborea Downy Serviceberry; Full sun or Moist, well-drained, also Juneberry; Shad partial slightly acid soil bush;Service-Tree; shade Servis-Tree
Can be a small, single trunk tree or large, multi-stemmed shrub; A.arborea,A.canadensis A.laevis a all in trade but can be confused; 4 season interest-white flowers in April-May;fruit in June; fall color red-orange; winter form good
Amorpha fruticosa
Indigobush;Bastard Indigo;False Indigo
full sun
does well in poor, dry,sandy soils
Zones 4-9;first introduced in 1724; 6-20'X 5-15';"ungainly" [Dirr-M] deciduous, leggy,with purple-blue flowers
Aralia spinosa
Devils Walkingstick or Hercules-club
full sun or well-drained,moist partial fertile soils;or dry, shade rocky or heavy soils
10-20';large, few-stemmed shrub or small tree;Zones 4-9; white flowers;novelty plant introduced 1688
Aronia arbutifolia [PLD 12]
Red chokeberry
full sun or tolerates wet to part shade dry conditions
Nice fruit in fall & winter; 6-8'; upright shrub;white flowers; looks best in mass plantings; 'Brilliantissima'; tolerates urban conditions
Aronia melanocarpa Black chokeberry full sun or tolerates wet to [PLD12] part shade dry conditions [A.x prunifolia -similar to A.melanocarpa except it is larger; not a hybrid]
both red and black are Zones 4 to 9; a PHS Gold Medal Plant Award winner in 2000
Baccharis halimifolia
multi-stemmed, semievergreen to deciduous shrub; good mass planting;white flowers;5-12';cold hardy to Boston [Dirr-M];Zone 5-9
Groundsel-bush
coastal
grows in the "most impoverished soil" [Dirr]
1
NATIVE SHRUBS Callicarpa americana American Beautyberry
sun part sun
evenly moist soil best for shade
lavender-pink flowers; violet fruit in the fall;suitable for massing; thrives with neglect;3-8' high & wide;zones 6(7) to 10
adaptable to most soils; deep moist loam
Introduced 1726;Zones 4-9; aromatic stem when bruised; 6-9' X 6-12'; flowers June to July; maroon to almost red flowers;leathery, brown fruit; fruity smelling flowers
Calycanthus floridus
Common Sweetshrub sun or Carolina Allspice; shade Strawberry shrub
Carpinus caroliniana
American Hornbeam, does well deep, rich, moist, Blue Beech, Ironwood in heavy slightly acid soil; shade will grow in drier sites
20-30';small to medium, multistemmed shrub or singlestemmed tree;Zone 3b-9; monoecious; often seen in the woods
Ceanothus americanus
New Jersey Tea; Red- full sun or light, well-drained wood, Wild Snowball shade soil;tolerates dryness;
tough shrub in the summer garden;thrives in poor, dry soil; grows 3';flowers in July; white blossoms; unusual black fruit opens to white nutlets; blooms on new wood;Zone 4-8; introduced 1713
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Buttonbush
wet areas; adverse tp dryness
Rounded 3-6' (10-15'); creamy white flowers;Zone 5-11; introduced in 1735
Clethra alnifolia [PLD 10]
Sweet pepperbush; Summersweet Clethra
moist, slightly acid soil; tolerates wetness; on poor sites is thin & straggly
Fragrant flowers in early to midsummer; erect 4-6" long flower racemes are long lasting; fall color is yellow to orange;4-8' with smaller cultivars;compact cultivars include 'Compacta,' Hummingbird,''Ruby Spice' can colonize to 6-8' wide
Clethra acuminata
Cinnamon Clethra
partial shade
Medium-sized, suckering shrub;8-12';white, slightly fragrant flowers;"not preferable to C.alnifoliafolia" " [Dirr];Zone [Dirr-M];5-8 5-8
2
NATIVE SHRUBS Cornus sericea Shrubby dogwoods; C.alternifolia,C. amo- Red Twig Dogwood, mum,C.racemosa, Yellow Twig, etc. C.stolonifera [PLD 12]
partial shade to full sun
tolerates wet conditions
Corylus americana
American Filbert
full sun or well-drained, light shade loamy soil; pH adaptable
Zone 4-9;8-10' usually larger, multi-stemmed;rounded top; monoecious; prune anytime; introduced 1798
Diervilla sessilifolia [PLD 10]
Bush-honeysuckle
full sun or shade
3-5' suckering shrub; sulfur yellow flowers June to August; flowers on new wood;prune in spring; "tough plant" [PLD]
Dirca palustris
Eastern Leatherwood
shade loving
Euonymus americanus
American Euonymus forest Strawberry bush shade
E. atropurpureus
Eastern Wahoo
Fothergilla gardenii
Dwarf Fothergilla
sun;more moist but good dense in drainage; acid sun soil
2-3';same spread;Zone (4)5-8(9); forms a dense mound;white, fragrant flowers April to May; foundation plantings, borders; masses;great fall color
F.major
Large Fothergilla
sun
acid soil
Zone 4-9;6-10'; less spread; rounded, multi-stemmed; very dense; white bottlebrush-like spikes in April-May; fall color is yellow to orange to scarlet
Gaylusaccia brachycera
Box Huckleberry
partial shade
acid,organic-laden, well-drained soil
Zones 5-7; 1/2'-1 1/2' high; speads "indefinitely" [Dirr]; Dirr-M]; broadleaf evergreen; deep bronze to reddish purple in the fall; almost suckering; forms large colonies;white to pink
any inhospitable soil; plant is "adaptable" [Dirr]
7-9' multi-stemmed shrub with red or yellow stems in winter; Yellow Twig 'Silver & Gold';use for borders,massing,etc. Some sucker to form colonies;most do not require acid soil conditions; white spring flowers;four season plant;creates beautiful winter landscape. Zones 2-7
Good plant for shady places; not readily available; habit is oval to rounded;yellow flowers in March and April;3-6' high and wide; Zones 4-9
woodland soils
Suckering 4-6', green-stemmed; flowers in May-June; heavy fruit;zone (5)6-9; introduced in 1697 Large shrub or small tree;1224" high; seldom seen in gardens; reddish purple color in Fall;Zone 4-9; introduced 1756
3
NATIVE SHRUBS Hamamelis vernalis
Vernal witchhazel
shelter of moist or dry soil neighbor- alkaline tolerant; ing trees color better in low pH soil
H. virginiana
Common Witchhazel shade
Hydrangea arborescens [PLD 11]
Smooth Hydrangea
Sun or well-drainedd soil soil; Deciduous shrub grows to 3-5' light shade organic laden;acid or and wide; large 1' flowers of higher pH Annabelle' bloom from June through July;cut back halfway in spring; Zones Zones4-9;requires 4 to 9; requires lots of water in hot, dry summers plants in the wild are loose and open in habit
H. quercifolia
Oakleaf Hydrangea
sun or partial shade
Hypericum prolificum
Shrubby St. Johnswort
full sun or does well in dry, partial rocky soils;pH shade adaptable
H.densiflorum
Dense Hypericum
Ilex glabra [PLD 14]
Inkberry Holly
Ilex laevigata
Smooth Winterberry
acid soil with plenty of organic matter
moist,fertile, welldrained soil
Mounded-rounded; often suckers and colonizes; leaves turn yellow in fall; pungent fragrance; flowers in January or February; use for massing, naturalizing, or grouping; 6-10', wider at maturity Zones 4 to 8 Yellow, fragrant flowers in October to December; fall foliage color develops as flowers open; more massive than H. vernalis --15-20' and wide; Zones 3 to 8(9) Dirr's hardiness #s
4-6' high/spread;Zone 5-9;white flowers in June to July ; prune after flowering; coarse; use in borders,massing, or shade; leaves shaped like red oak but green above and white below; can grow to 8' prune in early spring;1-4' X 1-4'; Zone 4-8;small,dense shrub; yellow flowers June-July; works well in shrub border; introduced 1750 Grows 4-6' X 3-4';upright, oval; densely twiggy & leafy;Zone 58; yellow flowers July-Sept
quite shade tolerant; grows in sun with ample moisture
'Densa' is upright and compact; transplants easily;grows to 4' with 4 1/2' spread in 9 years; pest and disease resistant; great alternative to boxwood; Zones 4 to 9 ;forms clump from suckers; never prune as hedge; normally 6-8' tall closely allied to I.verticillata except fruits are born singly; grows to 10'; has a yellowfruited cultivar;native in swamps and low woods;Zone 4-7 4
NATIVE SHRUBS Ilex opaca
American Holly
tolerates acid,moist, wellany light drained soil conditions prefers sun & protection from wind
Large shrub or tree; generally pyramidal, alternating spiny evergreen leaves;red berry-light erry-like fruit in October; can have yellow or orange fruit;tolerates pollution, drought & moderately wet areas; resists deer browsing; male pollinator nearby;Zones 5-9
Ilex verticillata [PLD 12]
Common Winterberry
sun to prefers moist, acid part shade soil
'Winter Red'--6-10' and wide; attractive yellow to red fall color; excellent winter berry appeal;'Scarlet O'Hara'-6-10' to 10'high and wide; tolerant of clay soil; no pest or disease problems'Rhett Butler' is her pollinator; deciduous;oval to rounded habit; Zones 3 to 9
Ilex decidua
Possumhaw
better adapted to alkaline soils than I.verticillata
Can grow 20-30' in the wild; 7-15'; shrub or small tree; flowers white;Zone 509; cultivated 1760
Itea virginica [PLD 12]
Virginia Sweetspire
full sun & can grow in wet heavy areas;withstands shade drought
Fragrant,summer flowers turn red & orange-brown & purple in Fall; flowers in June; bark is cinnamon and exfoliates on mature plants; flowers on old wood;prune after flowering in June; 'Saturnalia,' 'Little Henry' (3' & compact); 'Henry's Garnet' (3-4') normally normally; 3-5'; Zones 5-9; 2-6" long, 5/8" wide racemes;strongly suckering & multi-stemmed
Kalmia latifolia
Mountain Laurel
winter good drainage, acid shade; soil dense & rounded in full sun; more open & "artistic" in shade [Dirr]
flowering broadleaf evergreen; 7-15' and wide; newer cultivars are smaller; Zones 4-9;flowers in May to June; color ranges from white to pink to almost red; use in mass or groupings in a shady border; deadheading (removing of flower trusses) results in formation of new shoots on which new flower buds may form; leaves may droop in winter but not curl; tend to produce good flower displays every other year
Kalmia angustifolia
Sheep Laurel Lambkill Kalmia
semishade
low growing, 1-3', blue-green evergreen shrub; rounded and spreading habit; rose-pink flowers to crimson June-July; Zone 1-6(7);introduced 1736
found in rocky barrens,pastures, wet sterile soils [Dirr-M]
5
NATIVE SHRUBS Leiophyllum buxifolium
Box Sandmyrtle
full sun or moist, sandy, acid partial soil supplied with shade peat & leaf mold
1 1/2-3' X 4-5'; Zone 5 to high elevations in Southeast; small evergreen; erect, prostrate or decumbent; usually a dense bush;not easy to establish; introduced 1736:NJ southward
Leucothoe fontanesiana
Drooping Leucothoe
partial to moist, acid, wellfull shade; drained soil in dense the shade shade also
Graceful evergreen with long arching branches;thick leaves that turn red or bronze in winter; white flowers;use with other evergreens; foundation plantings; borders; good undergrowth plants; hide "leggy" plants; fragile in exposed areas; a; avoid wind and hot sun; 3-6' blooms in May May; [Dirr-M]
Leucothoe racemosa
Sweetbells Leucothoe
Lindera benzoin
Spicebush Wild Allspice Benjamin Bush
Lyonia mariana
Stagger-bush
Magnolia virginiana
Sweetbay Magnolia; Laurel or Swamp Magnolia
tolerates shade;
Myrica pensylvanica [PLD 14]
Northern Bayberry
full sun to very dry to wet half shade
Myrica cerifera
Southern Waxmyrtle
partial shade or full sun
moist to wet areas
deciduous to "tardily deciduous" [Dirr-M] shrub; 4-6' high & wide; white cylindric flowers May-June; understory shrub;Zone 5-9
acid,moist soil
6-12' high & wide;Zones 4-9; bruised stem emits spicy-sweet odor; yellow flowers in April; underutilized [Dirr]; large, multistemmed, rounded shrub, dense in sun;open in shade; red fruit in September & October deciduous;white or pinkish flowers May-June;red in Fall; Zone 5-9; introduced 1736
does well in wet even 10-20; in the North; 60' in swampy soils; southern range;small, multirequires acid soil stemmed, deciduous shrub;loose upright spreading habit; creamy white flowers May-June small patio or specimen tree; Zone 5-9
6
Salt tolerant;5-12' tall upright, rounded; suckers & forms colonies; leaves are aromatic; massing or borders;the species is dioecious--showy green flowers on male plants and gray, waxy coated drupes on female plants;Zones 2(3)-6;good for massing and grouping ; introduced 1725 southern version of the above; broadleaf evergreen; nitrogen fixing; grows 10-15'; cold sensitivity at 0; 1699
NATIVE SHRUBS
Myrica heterophylla
Swamp Bayberry
tolerates tolderant of wet sun and soils & grows in light shade bogs in the wild
semi-evergreen to evergreen;812'; coastal plane;Zone (6)7-9
Physocarpus opulifolius [PLD 14]
Common Ninebark Eastern Ninebark
adaptable to all conditions
5-10' X 6-10'; Zones 2-7;becomes dense & rounded with age; brown bark exfoliates in shaggy strips; white flowers in May & June; green to red fruit in SeptemberOctober; use for large foliage mass, screen, or hedge. 'Diablo'; 'Dart's Golden' more compact than 'Luteus'; 'Diablo' has attractive deep burgundy colored leaves ves, red fruit; deciduous
Pieris floribunda
Mountain Pieris; under woodsy, acid Fetterbush canopy; soil Mountain Andromeda north side of bldg; also full sun
evergreen; neat,bushy habit; low & rounded; 2-6' high & spread; white flowers;fragrant;Zone 4-6; introduced 1800
Potentilla fruticosa
Bush Cinquefoil
Yellow or white flowers in spring; slow grower;easy to grow; prune to keep low; 'Abbotswood' bottswood has dark, blue-green foliage; best white flower; blooms June to frost
Prunus americana
American Red Plum [Wild Plum, August Plum, Hog Plum]
Prunus maritima
Beach Plum
sun
Rhododendron arborescens
Sweet Azalea [native DE]
[vertical habit;good for DE wildlife especially butterflies & moths;subtle colors not bright colors;tubular flowers; woodland conditions for sun and soil]
Zones 5-8; white flowers early June & July;y;van. fragrance Fragrance of of heliotrope; deciduous; 8-20' one of several native azaleas; not susceptible to azalea lace bug
R.atlanticum
Coast Azalea [native DE]
sun
acid soil dry soil
5-8';Zones 3-9;white rarely pink flowers; clovelike fragrance ance; flowers in May; deciduous uous; very low growing
R.periclymenoides (R.nudiflorum)
Pinxterbloom Azalea [native DE]
acid soil
deciduous; May bloom; 4-6' but up to 10'; Zones 4-8 many-branched rounded to spreading shrub;near white to pink to violet
Sun to partial shade
withstands poor to dry soil
common shrub or tree;Zone 38;forms large colonies along roadsides; requires "no special cultural requirement" [Dirr-M]; cultivated 1768 sandy,salt-laden soil
7
6'; can form large colonies;Zone 3-6; coastal;white spring flowers;edible fruit
NATIVE SHRUBS
R. vaseyi
Pink Shell Azalea [native DE]
acid soil
Zones 4-8; 5-10' 5-10'; blooms in May several white-flowered selections including 'Alba' deciduous ;red fall foliage
Other native Azaleas: R. canescens Piedmont Azalea 'Varnados Pink';Zones 2-6;moist, very acid soil;3-4';deciduous;May; purple flowers R.prinophyllum (R. roseum) Roseshell Azalea; blooms May; Zone 4-8;2-8' (up to 15') demoted as separate species;R.perclymenoides var. prinophyllum R. calendulaceum Flame Azalea; deciduous;yellow to orange to red flowers; not fragrant; blooms May to June; 4-8' and wide; can grow 12-15'; Zones 5-7 ; full sun R. viscosum Swamp Azalea; used to hybridize summer blooming azaleas; white flowers; clovelike fragrance;rather open shrub; 5-8' and wider at maturity; Zones 3-9 ;also called Swamp Honeysuckle acid soil
Allied to R.calendulaceum but more compact;flowers 2 weeks later;red but range from yellow orange to red;4-8';low growing; Zones 5-7; native to TN & NW Georgia
Rhododendron bakeri
Cumberland Azalea
Rhododendron carolinianum
Carolina Rhodendron
woodland acid soil; moist setting
rounded;flowers from pale rose to rose and lilac-rose;not used much in modern landscapes; one of the parents of R.' PJM'; grows 3-6';Zones 4(5) to 8 evergreen
R. maximum
Rosebay Rhodendron
woodland acid soil; moist setting shaded
seldom available;evergreen rhodo; very hardy;massive, rounded shrub;pink buds open white in June & July; 15-20' high & wide;Zones 3-7
R.catawbiense
Catawba Rhodendron
shade to acid soil partial shade
hardy, large, broadleaf evergreen Zones 6-7; 6-10' amd high and wide;wide; flowers mid to late May;y;"dull reddish lavender-pink flowers"
Rhus aromatica
Fragrant Sumac
full sun to tolerates partial dry shade conditions
'Gro Lo' is 2'x6' spread;roots at nodes; bank stabilization; yellow catkins on naked stems of males in late March/April; red fruit on female plants in August/September; 2-6' x 6-10' Zones 3-9
Rhus copallina
Flameleaf or Shining full sun Sumac
dry conditions
Large, suckering invasive plant; 20-30' high and wide;Zones 4-9
Rhus glabra [PLD 12]
Smooth Sumac
tolerates dry conditions
9-15' suckering shrub;great for large areas; orange-red-purple fall color; scarlet carlet fruit fruit; use on banks, slopes to naturalize; grows 10-15', greater in spread; Zones 2-9
full sun
8
NATIVE SHRUBS
Rhus typhina
Staghorn Sumac
full sun
adapted to many soil types; prefers well-drained soil; tolerates dry, sterile soil types; prefers
15-25'; equal spread;Zone 4-8; large,loose, open spreading shrub spreads by root suckers; yellow,orange, scarlet in Fall; forms wide-spreading colonies; cultivated 1629
Rosa virginiana
Virginia Rose
sun
adaptable; by the sea or inland
pink flowers; yellow to red Fall color; grows 4-6' high; Zones 3-7(8); fruit persist into winter; red canes provide interest
Other Rosa species: R. blanda, R. carolina, R. palustrus, R. setigera [descriptions ptions of these native roses can be found in Michael A. Dirr. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants. Stipes,pes, 1998 1998 revision] Sambucus canadensis [PLD 11]
American elder, Elderberry
full sun
moist areas; ditches
Large & scruffy; only suitable for rough areas of the garden; only merit is 6-10" creamy cymes of flowers in June & July; 5-12' high and wide; Zones 3-9 [Dirr-M]
Spiraea latifolia Spiraea tomentosa
Meadowsweet Hardhack, Steeplebush
full sun
grows in or near moist soils
common, suckering 2-4' along roadsides; pink and white flowers;Zone 3-5; cultivated 1789 "neither will win 'Spiraea' beauty contests…." [Dirr,Manual Dirr-M]
Staphylea trifolia
American Bladdernut heavy shade
moist, well-drained soil
performs better under cultivation where it is dense & vigorous; Zone 4-8;10-15' heavily branched upright, suckering; inflated, balloon-like fruit; cultivated 1640
Styrax americanus
American Snowbell
partial shade
moist;
"Underappreciated, underutilized native shrub" [Dirr]; white, bellshaped flowers; fall color; June & July bloom; good shrub for naturalizing in the wild; grows 8-10'high; Zones 5(6)-9
Symphoricarpos albus
Common Snowberry Eastern Snowberry
shade
thrives in limestone, clay soil
White fruit in autumn;shade tolerant; suckers profusely; good as filler or in mass plantings; can become unkempt; grows 3-6' high and wide; Zones 3 to 7
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
Indian Currant Coralberry or Buckbrush
Vaccinium angustifolium
Lowbush Blueberry
grows 2-5' X 4-8'; spreading & arching shrub; yellowish white flowers in June-July;purplish red fruit in October;Zone 2-7(8); introduced in 1727 full sun or acid, low fertility partial soils shade 9
Rarely planted in cultivation; foliage turns brilliant scarlet carletin & crimson in Fall; 1/2-2'; Zones 2 to 5
NATIVE SHRUBS
Vaccinium corymbosum [PLD 12]
Highbush Blueberry
full sun
acid soils
Fine ornamental shrub; in the border; multi-stemmed with spreading branches;winter stems vary from yellow-green to deep red; 6-12' X 8-12' wide; Zones 3 to 7
Viburnum sp. sp.[7 7 native Native species] species; excellent foliage;striking flowers; showy fruit; fall color; interesting winter appearance for many; V. acerifolium [PLD 12]
Mapleleaf Viburnum
full sun to tolerates dry soil partial and shade shade
4-6' low branching shrub; forms thickets;pink,rose to purple fall color;June white flowers;Zones 4-8; introduced ced 1736 blue-black berries
V. dentatum [PLD 12]
Arrowwood Viburnum
grows in either sun or shade; flowering and fruiting more profuse in a sunny situation
6-8' dense, multi-stemmed; good rosy pink to red fall color; variable in size;Zones 2-8; great hedge or screen
V. lentago
Nannyberry Viburnum
edge of the woods
Large shrub or small tree; often disfigured by mildew;white inflorescences open in May; green, yellow, rose and pink fruit; plant where air movement is excellent;15-18'.variable in spread; Zones nes2-7 2-7; can be 30'
V. nudum [PLD 12]
Winterthur Viburnum
edge of tolerates wet the woods soil colors more vivid in sun
6' with suckering habit; white flowers; purple fall color persists throughout the Fall
V. prunifolium [PLD 14]
Blackhaw Viburnum
sun or shade
tolerates dry soil
12-18';considered a multistemmed shrub or small tree; pinkish red to bronze Fall color; mass, border, or specimen planting; Zones 3-9
V. rufidulum
Rusty Blackhaw Viburnum
tolerates adaptable to dry heavy shade soils maximum flowering & fruiting in full sun
creamy white flowers; pink to blue-black fruit; reddish purple in the fall; enormous in the wild30-40'; use in border, screening & large groupings; Zones 5-9; grows 10-20' in cultivation
V. trilobum
American Cranberry- "cool bush Viburnum climate"
moist soils
10
Habit, flowers, & fruit quite similar to European Cranberrybush Viburnum; better choice for northern gardens because of superior fall color and resistance to aphids; 8-12'; use as hedge, screen, or to define property boundaries; Zones 2-6(7)
NATIVE SHRUBS V.alnifolium Hobblebush (now known as Viburnum lantanoides )
woodland adapted to shady, deep moist areas shade
Straggling shrub; 9-12';reddish color in Falll;best naturalized; Zone 3-5(6);blooms late April
V.cassinoides
sun or shade
5-6' with similar spread; dense, compact and rounded; fruit changes from green to pink, then red to blue to black; Zone 3-8; introduced 1761;underutilized
Witherod Viburnum
Zenobia pulverulenta Dusty Zenobia
full sun
moist, acid, welldrained soils
Underutilized native species; tends to sucker & colonize; white, anise-scented flowers in May & June;silvery blue summer foliage;use in mass plantings, in borders and hedges, along streams; grows 2-3(6)';);Zones Zones 5-9
Referemces are to [Dirr] = Michael A. Dirr. Hardy Trees and Shrubs: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, 1997 and [Dirr-M] = Michael A. Dirr. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants. Stipes, 1998 revision. PLD = Plants for a Livable Delaware, Susan Barton & Gary Schwetz, eds.[n.d.]
11
NATIVE SHRUBS
;Zones 4-8
12
NATIVE SHRUBS
13
NATIVE SHRUBS
14
NATIVE SHRUBS
15
NATIVE SHRUBS
16
NATIVE SHRUBS
;3-6';Zones
17
NATIVE SHRUBS
18
NATIVE SHRUBS
19
NATIVE SHRUBS
20
NATIVE SHRUBS
21
NATIVE SHRUBS
22
