netw rks
NAME _______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS _________
netw rks
Geography and History Activity The Progressive Movement, 1890–1920 Environmentalism Preservation and Conservation
The Progressive Era gave birth to many social movements, including environmentalism. Since the beginning of the environmentalist movement, people have disagreed over the best approach to care for the environment. Preservationists want wild places to be left as they are, protected from human development. Conservationists believe in the management of wilderness land to both protect the natural setting and use the land for the benefit of the nation’s citizens. John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club, discussed the benefits of preservation in The Yosemite: “The making of gardens and parks goes on with civilization all over the world, and they increase both in size and number as their value is recognized. “Everybody needs beauty as well as bread, places to play in and pray in, where Nature may heal and cheer and give strength to body and soul alike. . . . Nevertheless, like anything else worth while…they have always been subject to attack by despoiling gainseekers . . . eagerly trying to make everything immediately and selfishly commercial, with schemes disguised in smug-smiling philanthropy, industriously, shampiously crying, ‘Conservation, conservation, panutilization,’ that man and beast may be fed and the dear Nation made great.”
“The first principle of conservation is development, the use of the natural resources now existing on this continent for the benefit of the people who live here now. There may be just as much waste in neglecting the development National Parks of the Western U.S., 1872-1920 and use of certain natural N resources as there is in CANADA W E their destruction. . . . Washington Yellowstone is the home to er Glacier S
“Conservation stands emphatically for the development and use of water-power now, without delay. It stands for the immediate construction of navigable waterways . . . as assistants to the railroads. . . .
National Park
Montana na Oregon Crater Lake (1902)
Idaho
Wind Cave (1903)
Wyoming
PAC I F I C OCEAN
California
Yosemite (1890) General Grant (1890)
Nebraska
In 1940 General Grant National Park was incorporated into Kings Canyon National Park.
Nevada
0
400 miles
400 km 0 Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection
Rocky Mountain (1915)
Utah U
Colorado
Zion (1919) 9
Mesa Verde (1906)
SSequoia o ((1890) Sequoia National Park was established in 1890 in an effort to protect Giant Sequoia trees. The largest of the Giant Sequoias, General Sherman, is thought to be 2,300 to 2,700 years old and is the largest living thing on earth.
North N Dakota D
South Sou Dakota Dako
Yellowstone (1872)
Lassen Volcanic (1916) 6)
Grand Canyon (1919)
Kansas
Oklahoma New Mexico
Arizona
f lf o ia Gu forn li Ca
“In addition . . . natural resources must be developed and preserved for the benefit of the many, and not merely for the profit of the few.”
Old Faithful, the most famous geyser in North America. Old Faithful erupts every 33 to 120 minutes, spouting over 200-degree water up to nearly 150 feet.
(1910))
Mt. Rainier (1899)
Texas
MEXICO
United States History and Geography: Modern Times
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
Gifford Pinchot, chief of the U.S. Forest Service in the early twentieth century, defended conservation this way in The Fight for Conservation:
NAME _______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS _________
Geography and History Activity Cont.
netw rks
The Progressive Movement, 1890–1920 National Parks and National Forests
Neither of the two different environmentalist views has been fully accepted or rejected. Acceptance of the validity of each has led to the formation of several different agencies for managing federal lands. These agencies take different approaches to environmentalism depending on their mission. Two of the main agencies are the National Park Service, an agency of the Department of the Interior, and the U.S. Forest Service, an agency of the Department of Agriculture. The National Park Service describes the difference between National Parks and National Forests this way:
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
"National parks emphasize strict preservation of pristine areas. They focus on protecting natural and historic features plus light-on-the-land recreation. The ultimate goal is to preserve resources “unimpaired for future generations.” National forests, on the other hand, emphasize not only resource preservation, but other kinds of use as well. Under this concept of “multiple use,” national forests are managed to provide Americans with a wide variety of services and commodities, including lumber, cattle grazing, mineral products, and recreation with and without vehicles."
Directions: Answer the questions below on a separate piece of paper.
Understanding Concepts 1.
What, according to Pinchot, is the “first principle of conservation"?
2.
How do National Parks fit in with Muir’s ideas about preservation?
3.
Complete a table like the one below to show the pros and cons of the two main environmentalist points of view. PROS
CONS
Preservation Conservation
Applying Concepts 4.
Which view, preservation or conservation, do you think is more common today? Why do you think that’s the case?
5.
Do you think conversation or preservation is more important?
United States History and Geography: Modern Times
netw rks
Geography and History Activity The Progressive Movement, 1890–1920 Environmentalism Preservation and Conservation
The Progressive Era gave birth to many social movements, including environmentalism. Since the beginning of the environmentalist movement, people have disagreed over the best approach to care for the environment. Preservationists want wild places to be left as they are, protected from human development. Conservationists believe in the management of wilderness land to both protect the natural setting and use the land for the benefit of the nation’s citizens. John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club, discussed the benefits of preservation in The Yosemite: “The making of gardens and parks goes on with civilization all over the world, and they increase both in size and number as their value is recognized. “Everybody needs beauty as well as bread, places to play in and pray in, where Nature may heal and cheer and give strength to body and soul alike. . . . Nevertheless, like anything else worth while…they have always been subject to attack by despoiling gainseekers . . . eagerly trying to make everything immediately and selfishly commercial, with schemes disguised in smug-smiling philanthropy, industriously, shampiously crying, ‘Conservation, conservation, panutilization,’ that man and beast may be fed and the dear Nation made great.”
“The first principle of conservation is development, the use of the natural resources now existing on this continent for the benefit of the people who live here now. There may be just as much waste in neglecting the development National Parks of the Western U.S., 1872-1920 and use of certain natural N resources as there is in CANADA W E their destruction. . . . Washington Yellowstone is the home to er Glacier S
“Conservation stands emphatically for the development and use of water-power now, without delay. It stands for the immediate construction of navigable waterways . . . as assistants to the railroads. . . .
National Park
Montana na Oregon Crater Lake (1902)
Idaho
Wind Cave (1903)
Wyoming
PAC I F I C OCEAN
California
Yosemite (1890) General Grant (1890)
Nebraska
In 1940 General Grant National Park was incorporated into Kings Canyon National Park.
Nevada
0
400 miles
400 km 0 Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection
Rocky Mountain (1915)
Utah U
Colorado
Zion (1919) 9
Mesa Verde (1906)
SSequoia o ((1890) Sequoia National Park was established in 1890 in an effort to protect Giant Sequoia trees. The largest of the Giant Sequoias, General Sherman, is thought to be 2,300 to 2,700 years old and is the largest living thing on earth.
North N Dakota D
South Sou Dakota Dako
Yellowstone (1872)
Lassen Volcanic (1916) 6)
Grand Canyon (1919)
Kansas
Oklahoma New Mexico
Arizona
f lf o ia Gu forn li Ca
“In addition . . . natural resources must be developed and preserved for the benefit of the many, and not merely for the profit of the few.”
Old Faithful, the most famous geyser in North America. Old Faithful erupts every 33 to 120 minutes, spouting over 200-degree water up to nearly 150 feet.
(1910))
Mt. Rainier (1899)
Texas
MEXICO
United States History and Geography: Modern Times
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
Gifford Pinchot, chief of the U.S. Forest Service in the early twentieth century, defended conservation this way in The Fight for Conservation:
NAME _______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS _________
Geography and History Activity Cont.
netw rks
The Progressive Movement, 1890–1920 National Parks and National Forests
Neither of the two different environmentalist views has been fully accepted or rejected. Acceptance of the validity of each has led to the formation of several different agencies for managing federal lands. These agencies take different approaches to environmentalism depending on their mission. Two of the main agencies are the National Park Service, an agency of the Department of the Interior, and the U.S. Forest Service, an agency of the Department of Agriculture. The National Park Service describes the difference between National Parks and National Forests this way:
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
"National parks emphasize strict preservation of pristine areas. They focus on protecting natural and historic features plus light-on-the-land recreation. The ultimate goal is to preserve resources “unimpaired for future generations.” National forests, on the other hand, emphasize not only resource preservation, but other kinds of use as well. Under this concept of “multiple use,” national forests are managed to provide Americans with a wide variety of services and commodities, including lumber, cattle grazing, mineral products, and recreation with and without vehicles."
Directions: Answer the questions below on a separate piece of paper.
Understanding Concepts 1.
What, according to Pinchot, is the “first principle of conservation"?
2.
How do National Parks fit in with Muir’s ideas about preservation?
3.
Complete a table like the one below to show the pros and cons of the two main environmentalist points of view. PROS
CONS
Preservation Conservation
Applying Concepts 4.
Which view, preservation or conservation, do you think is more common today? Why do you think that’s the case?
5.
Do you think conversation or preservation is more important?
United States History and Geography: Modern Times
