Planalytics SnowcapSM NA December2016 FINAL

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Snowfall Summary for North America Updated Through December 2016

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Planalytics® SnowCap Report North America

U.S. SNOWFALL SUMMARY December 2016 Snowfall was 94% Above Last Year and 15% Above Normal. • •



Snowfall totals were greater than last year due to a more active pattern in the West and Northern Tier. Overall, temperatures in the U.S. were close to average for December, although much needed cold swept in through key periods to support an active snow month. – In the first few days of the month, temperatures trended above normal which limited snowfall to higher elevations in the Rockies and West North Central region. – The first full week of December (12/4 – 12/10) started mild for the eastern U.S., but trended colder by the weekend. Accumulating snowfall took place in Grand Rapids, MI (14.7 in), Binghamton, NY (11.4 in.), and Chicago, IL (9.1 in.), supporting demand for winter clean-up items. – In the 2nd full week of the month (12/11 – 12/17), colder temperatures in the Northern Tier supported snowfall for many major markets and led to the snowiest week of the month. Buffalo, NY (24.6 in.), Grand Rapids, MI (18.2 in.), Detroit, MI (15.5 in.), Green Bay, WI (13.2 in.), Chicago, IL (8.1 in.), Cleveland, OH (6.4 in.), Boston, MA (5.2 in.), Pittsburgh, PA (5.0 in.), Columbus, OH (4.3 in.), Indianapolis, IN (3.9 in.), and New York, NY (3.0 in.) all reported notable snowfall. – Colder temperatures in the Northern Tier continued in the 3rd week of December (12/18 – 12/24), however major markets received minimal snowfall. Green Bay, WI (5.1 in.) and Syracuse, NY (5.1 in.) reported notable amounts. – Milder conditions returned for the final week of the month, (12/25 – 12/31) with notable snow totals in Syracuse, NY (9.2 in.), Salt Lake City, UT (8.6 in.), Portland, ME (7.8 in.), and Cleveland, OH (2.8 in.). Normal December snowfall for the 93 largest metropolitan markets is 568.7 in. – 655.2 in. fell this year (337.6 in. fell last year).

December Snowfall (in.) Consumer Impact - December is historically the rampup month in terms of snow/ice events in northern and western regions of the U.S. Snow events this month brought considerable snow to the Northern Tier. As a result, the national snow trend was significantly above last year and also more than normal, supporting the need for winter clean-up items.

December 2016 Total Snowfall (in.)

U.S. Markets Caribou, ME Green Bay, WI Syracuse, NY Chicago, IL New York City, NY Denver, CO Boston, MA

Snowfall Totals 41.2 23.1 37.2 17.7 3.0 9.7 5.9

Snowfall vs. Normal +14.9 +10.6 +9.2 +8.9 -0.1 -1.0 -2.2

Snowfall vs. LY +13.4 +9.4 +35.1 +13.2 +3.0 -1.6 +5.0

December 2016 Snowfall vs. Normal (in.)

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Planalytics® SnowCap Report North America

U.S. SNOWFALL SUMMARY November 2016 Snowfall was 21% Above Last Year and 35% Below Normal. • •



Snowfall totals were greater than last year due to a more active lake effect snow season, but nationally snowfall was below normal. For the month of November, temperatures in the U.S. were the 2nd warmest on record, inhibiting snowfall for the Rockies and Central regions. – In the 3rd week of November (11/16 – 11/22), measureable snow was reported in Binghamton, NY (27.6 in.), Syracuse, NY (25.2 in.), Duluth, MN (3.5 in.), Burlington, VT (3.1 in.), Sault Ste. Marie, MI (2.4 in.), Caribou, ME (2.4 in.) Billings, MT (2.3 in.), Minneapolis, MN (2.3 in.), Pittsburgh, PA (2.1 in.), Denver, CO (1.7 in.), Casper, WY ( 1.7 in.), Green Bay, WI (0.9 in.), and Cleveland, OH (0.9 in.). The snow totals in Binghamton resulted in the biggest snowstorm on record for the city. – During the final weekend of November, and into the following Monday (11/24 – 11/26), a snow system in northern New England resulted in notable amounts in Caribou, ME (7.5 in.) and Burlington, VT (1.2 in.). – In the final days of the month (11/27 – 11/30), a blizzard brought significant snow to the Northern Plains. Bismarck, ND (18.7 in.) and Pierre, SD (9.0 in.) each reported notable snow. An additional system moved through Caribou, ME (9.7 in.). In the West, an active pattern brought snow to Flagstaff, AZ (5.5 in.), Salt Lake City, UT (4.3 in.), Spokane, WA (2.6 in.), Missoula, MT (1.2 in.), and Reno, NV (0.6 in.). Normal November snowfall for the 93 largest metropolitan markets is 241.7 in. – 157.9 in. fell this year (130.8 in. fell last year).

November Snowfall (in.) Consumer Impact - November historically can bring snow & ice events to northern and western U.S. regions. While a snow event mid-month brought considerable snow to portions of the Great Lakes, the national snow trend was less than normal, depressing the need for snow throwers, ice melt, winter wipers, and snow boots.

November 2016 Total Snowfall (in.)

U.S. Markets Binghamton, NY Syracuse, NY Caribou, ME Pierre, SD Duluth, MN Salt Lake City, UT Flagstaff, AZ

Snowfall Totals 27.6 25.2 20.2 10.1 11.1 5.7 5.5

Snowfall vs. Normal +20.1 +16.1 +7.1 +6.7 -0.5 -0.8 -5.2

Snowfall vs. LY +26.8 +24.8 +16.4 +10.1 +6.7 +4.3 +4.2

November 2016 Snowfall vs. Normal (in.)

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Planalytics® SnowCap Report North America

U.S. SNOWFALL SUMMARY October 2016 Snowfall was 142% Above Last Year but 81% Below Normal. •





Snowfall totals were above last year but well below normal due to warmer than normal temperatures across most of the U.S. – October 2016 was the 3rd warmest on record, slightly surpassing October of 2015. Late month (10/26 – 10/28), colder temperatures set the stage for snow across portions of the interior Northeast as a low pressure system moved through the region. For some, it was their first snow of the season. Albany, NY (1.7 in.), Hartford, CT (1.5 in.), Binghamton, NY (1.0 in.), and Syracuse, NY (0.2 in.) all recorded measurable snowfall. Normal October snowfall for the 93 largest metropolitan markets is 40.5 inches. – 7.5 in. fell this year (3.1 in. fell last year).

Consumer Impact – Early season snowfall events have historically stimulated demand for ice melt and snow removal categories, mainly in the high elevations out West. However, the unusual warmth with very limited winter conditions this month did not help to "move the needle" on early season sales.

October 2016 Total Snowfall (in.)

October Snowfall (in.) U.S. Markets Albany, NY Hartford, CT Binghamton, NY Missoula, MT Billings, MT

Snowfall Totals 1.7 1.5 1.0 0.1 3.0

Snowfall vs. Normal +1.5 +1.4 +0.5 -0.9 -0.6

Snowfall vs. LY +1.7 +1.5 +0.7 +0.1 +3.0

October 2016 Snowfall vs. Normal (in.)

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Planalytics® SnowCap Report North America

U.S. SNOWFALL SUMMARY Season-to-Date

October Through December 2016 • • •

Total snowfall amounts season-to-date, October through December, are 4% below normal and 74% above last season. Normal season-to-date snowfall for the 93 largest metropolitan markets is 850.8 in. This year, season-to-date there has been 821.0 in. of snow reported. Seasonal snow totals were challenged early in the season due to a lack of cold air in the U.S., which made accumulating snowfall hard to come by. The cold in December provided significant opportunity for accumulating snowfall. 5

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Planalytics® SnowCap Report North America

CANADA SNOWFALL SUMMARY December 2016 Snowfall was 62% Above Last Year and 22% Above Normal. • •



Snowfall totals were above both last year and normal. 24 out of the 26 major cities within Canada reported snowfall for the month. 17 of those markets recorded above normal snow totals. Temperatures in Canada were seasonal in the Southeast and colder than normal in the Prairies and western Canada, which supported much needed snowfall for markets. – In the first few days of the month measurable snowfall was limited to Quebec City (25.4 cm). – The first full week of December (12/4 – 12/10) trended colder for most major markets ensuring widespread snow accumulations. Cities of note included Winnipeg (31.2 cm), Ottawa (18.4 cm), Montreal (11.2 cm), Vancouver (10.4 cm), and Calgary (6.1 cm). – In the 2nd full week of the month (12/11 – 12/17), sustained cold in the southern tier supported snowfall for many major markets. Halifax (68.1 cm), Windsor (38.6 cm), Ottawa (37.6 cm), Toronto (30.0 cm), and Montreal (23.5 cm) all reported notable snow totals. – Colder temperatures in the southern tier continued into the 3rd week of December (12/18 – 12/24), however major markets received lighter snow amounts. Ottawa (16.4 cm), Calgary (13.8 cm), and Montreal (9.0 cm) all reported notable snow totals. – Milder conditions returned for the final week of the month, (12/25 – 12/31) with snow accumulations found in Winnipeg (27.4 cm), Montreal (20.3 cm), and Vancouver (7.6 cm). Normal December snowfall for the 26 largest metropolitan markets is 1,171.2 cm. – 1,427.9 cm fell this year (879.5 cm fell last year).

December Snowfall (cm) Consumer Impact – December in Canada is the month that typically brings winter precipitation events across all major markets. The much needed cold and precipitation supported snowfall, bringing considerable amounts to almost every major market in Canada. All winter product categories this month were significantly more favorable than last year, particularly the snow and ice removal categories.

December 2016 Total Snowfall (cm)

Canadian Markets Ottawa, ON Winnipeg, MB Montreal, QC Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Calgary, AB Quebec City, QC

Snowfall Totals 99.8 68.8 64.0 41.5 27.4 25.8 63.8

Snowfall vs. Normal +42.1 +48.8 +15.8 +12.0 +11.6 +8.2 -12.7

Snowfall vs. LY +74.4 +24.8 +16.0 +38.3 +27.4 +1.7 +4.1

December 2016 Snowfall vs. Normal (cm)

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Planalytics® SnowCap Report North America

CANADA SNOWFALL SUMMARY November 2016 Snowfall was 39% Below Last Year and 71% Below Normal. •





Snowfall totals were limited in comparison to last year and significantly below normal. 17 out of the 26 major cities within Canada reported snowfall for the month. The markets that reported snowfall received marginal amounts in comparison to normal snowfall for this time of the year. Temperatures in Canada were some of the warmest on record, which inhibited snowfall for most markets. – It wasn't until the third week of November (11/13 – 11/19) that notable snowfall fell in Thunder Bay (11.0 cm), Prince George (6.0 cm), and Winnipeg (1.0 cm). – In the final full week of the month (11/20 – 11/26), notable snow fell in Ottawa (29.6 cm), Thunder Bay (4.6 cm), Winnipeg (3.7 cm), Prince George (3.4 cm), and Quebec City (3.2 cm). – In the final days of the month (11/27 – 11/30), more snow fell in Quebec City (9.8 cm), Winnipeg (9.5 cm), and Ottawa (1.4 cm), with Calgary (0.6 cm) recording its only measurable snowfall for the month of November. Normal November snowfall for the 26 largest metropolitan markets is 601.4 cm. – 173.8 cm fell this year (283.3 cm fell last year).

Consumer Impact – November in Canada is typically the month when widespread winter precipitation events occur. This November, the persistent warmer conditions to both last year and normal kept snow totals well below normal and last year for all of Canada. Last year also had a poor start to the snow season. All manner of winter categories this month were sharply depressed, particularly the snow and ice categories. Demand for winter apparel including hats, gloves, scarves, and snow boots was also strongly challenged.

November 2016 Total Snowfall (cm)

November Snowfall (cm) Canadian Markets Ottawa, ON Winnipeg, MB Halifax, NS Thunder Bay, ON Edmonton, AB Quebec City, QC Goose Bay, NL

Snowfall Totals 31.0 13.2 1.8 15.6 0.8 13.0 23.8

Snowfall vs. Normal +9.1 -8.2 -11.0 -12.2 -16.9 -19.2 -38.2

Snowfall vs. LY +30.4 -2.8 +1.4 +7.1 -9.9 +12.8 -15.2

November 2016 Snowfall vs. Normal (cm)

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Planalytics® SnowCap Report North America

CANADA SNOWFALL SUMMARY October 2016 Snowfall was 198% Above Last Year and 4% Below Normal. •





Snowfall totals were well above last year but slightly below normal. 13 out of the 26 major cities within Canada received measurable snowfall, compared to 12 cities last year. While more markets saw snow this year, the totals were still less than normal. Temperatures were warmer than normal, which inhibited snowfall for most markets. – Prince Albert (34.8 cm), Edmonton (36.6 cm), Goose Bay (36.6 cm), Calgary (13.0 cm), and Ottawa (5.9 cm) were the only markets that reported above normal snowfall. – Major markets like Toronto, Montreal, Quebec City, and Winnipeg all had little to no snowfall reported, resulting in less than normal snow totals for the month. Normal October snowfall for the 26 largest metropolitan markets is 135.7 cm. – 130.1 cm fell this year (43.6 cm fell last year).

Consumer Impact – An active pattern produced snowfall in major markets out west, providing opportunity in early season demand compared to both last year and normal. The warmer than normal trend in the East created a more challenging start to the winter season.

October Snowfall (cm) Canadian Markets Goose Bay, NL Edmonton, AB Calgary, AB Ottawa, ON Prince George, BC

October 2016 Total Snowfall (cm)

Snowfall Totals 36.6 22.2 13.0 5.9 7.8

Snowfall vs. Normal +15.7 +14.3 +3.3 +1.8 -0.5

Snowfall vs. LY +13.4 +22.2 +10.0 +5.9 +3.8

October 2016 Snowfall vs. Normal (cm)

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Planalytics® SnowCap Report North America

October Through December 2016 • • •

Total snowfall amounts season-to-date, October through December, are 9% below normal and 44% above last year. Normal season-to-date snowfall for the 26 largest metropolitan markets is 1908.3 cm. This year, season-to-date there has been 1731.8 cm of snow reported. Seasonal snow totals early in the season were well below normal, as a lack of cold air in Canada made any accumulating snowfall hard to come by. The cold in December provided significant opportunity for accumulating snowfall and helped bring snow totals closer to a normal state. 9

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