Poster draft 3
Undergraduate Category: Physical and Life Sciences Degree Seeking: B.S. Marine Biology Abstract ID# 1497
Coral reef systems in Bocas del Toro, Panamá show high frequency and magnitude fluctuations of dissolved oxygen and pH directly above the substrate Ann Marie Hulver and Mark Patterson Results
Introduction
B
A
B
4
5
8.0
6
7
8
9.0
A
• Low DO values at CK14 may be due to the time of day that these recordings were taken
Coral Reef pH as a Function of Time
Coral Reef Dissolved Oxygen as a Function of Time
3
7.0
• Substrate composition could potentially cause lower oxygen values
6.0
2 1 10:04
10:06
10:08
10:10
10:12
10:14
10:16
10:28
10:30
10:32
10:34
10:36
10:38
10:40
10:04
D
10:08
10:12
10:16
10:28
C
10:32
10:36
10:40
D
• High frequency changes may be due to exchange of water masses from off of the reef being washed over the reef in pulses
1
6.0
2
3
7.0
4
pH
5
8.0
6
7
8
9.0
C
DO (mg/L)
• Smooth diurnal cycle of temperature in early studies • High frequency temperature fluctuations when measured at a faster rate • DO and pH studies show a smooth diurnal cycle curve • If new studies show high scale temperature variation other properties may also show similar patterns when measured with higher frequency • I designed a new profiling device to measure fine scale changes of DO and pH in order to answer this question and determine if there are previously unseen fluctuations
Discussion
8:28
8:32
8:36
8:40
8:44
8:48
8:52
8:43
8:47
8:51
8:55
8:59
9:03
8:28
F
8:32
8:36
8:40
8:44
8:48
8:52
8:39
E
8:43
8:47
8:51
8:55
8:59
9:03
F
• Smaller scale fluctuations due to reef metabolism
7
8
9.0
E
8:39
1
6.0
2
3
Methods and study sites
7.0
4
5
8.0
6
• Correlation shows that metabolism may determine local pH levels
8:12
8:16
8:20
8:24
8:28
8:32
8:36
8:45
8:46
8:47
8:48
8:49
8:50
8:51
8:12
8:16
8:20
8:24
8:28
8:32
Time (EST)
8:36
8:45
8:46
8:47
8:48
8:49
8:50
8:51
Time (EST)
Figure 2. DO and pH values for 6 different observations. 2 observations per site (Punta Caracol, CK14, and Site P)
Coral Reef Dissolved Oxygen as a Function of Time
Punta Caracol
B
CK14
7.55
7.2
7.4
7.65
A
7.45
7.0
Site P
10:08
Coral 10:12
• Both observations at CK14 show hypoxic or low DO conditions.
Reef10:16 pH as a Function of Time •10:28 DO and pH both showed sudden 10:32 10:36 10:40 7.54.6 8.0 5.08.5
A C
1.358.24 8.22
3.8 6.5
1.25 8.20
4.2 7.0
• Increased resolution showed strong positive correlation between DO and pH
between the two water chemistry metrics
10:28 10:32 8:39 8:43 8:47 D F
7.0 8.5
C E
.6 8.06.8
6.5 7.45
and dramatic changes within the B Dshort period of data collection.
• Correlation between DO and pH could have negative affects on reef health • Corals may experience hypoxic and/or low DO conditions and increased stress levels more often than previously expected • Further studies into how combined affect of DO and pH affect coral health in laboratory setting • May give us insight into how coral reefs react to future combined oxygen and pH stressors
• pH showed greater fluctuations than DO
10:04 10:08 10:12 10:16 8:283. DO 8:32 8:48 correlation 8:52 Figure and pH8:36 at Punta8:40 Caracol8:44 shows strong
.35 6.0 7.40
• Used Arduino programmed profiler while on SCUBA • Recorded DO and pH measurements by placing profiler over coral reef • Measured fluctuations of DO and pH 6 times per second in order to get high resolution data of how the metrics were changing • Data analyzed in the lab using R to look at correlation
pH
Figure 1. Study sites for DO and pH time series in Bocas del Toro, Panamá
DO (mg/L)
1.45 8.28 8.26
10:04
• The graphs showed high variation in DO and pH values for different sites.
Impact
10:36 8:51 8:55
10:40 8:59 9:03
Acknowledgements I would like to thank Mark Patterson for advising me on this project, the Office of the Provost for a research grant which helped me complete this project, the anonymous donor to the MSC who provided me funding to start this project as a summer intern in 2015, and the Three Seas Program for making it possible for me to travel to Panama and collect my data.
Coral reef systems in Bocas del Toro, Panamá show high frequency and magnitude fluctuations of dissolved oxygen and pH directly above the substrate Ann Marie Hulver and Mark Patterson Results
Introduction
B
A
B
4
5
8.0
6
7
8
9.0
A
• Low DO values at CK14 may be due to the time of day that these recordings were taken
Coral Reef pH as a Function of Time
Coral Reef Dissolved Oxygen as a Function of Time
3
7.0
• Substrate composition could potentially cause lower oxygen values
6.0
2 1 10:04
10:06
10:08
10:10
10:12
10:14
10:16
10:28
10:30
10:32
10:34
10:36
10:38
10:40
10:04
D
10:08
10:12
10:16
10:28
C
10:32
10:36
10:40
D
• High frequency changes may be due to exchange of water masses from off of the reef being washed over the reef in pulses
1
6.0
2
3
7.0
4
pH
5
8.0
6
7
8
9.0
C
DO (mg/L)
• Smooth diurnal cycle of temperature in early studies • High frequency temperature fluctuations when measured at a faster rate • DO and pH studies show a smooth diurnal cycle curve • If new studies show high scale temperature variation other properties may also show similar patterns when measured with higher frequency • I designed a new profiling device to measure fine scale changes of DO and pH in order to answer this question and determine if there are previously unseen fluctuations
Discussion
8:28
8:32
8:36
8:40
8:44
8:48
8:52
8:43
8:47
8:51
8:55
8:59
9:03
8:28
F
8:32
8:36
8:40
8:44
8:48
8:52
8:39
E
8:43
8:47
8:51
8:55
8:59
9:03
F
• Smaller scale fluctuations due to reef metabolism
7
8
9.0
E
8:39
1
6.0
2
3
Methods and study sites
7.0
4
5
8.0
6
• Correlation shows that metabolism may determine local pH levels
8:12
8:16
8:20
8:24
8:28
8:32
8:36
8:45
8:46
8:47
8:48
8:49
8:50
8:51
8:12
8:16
8:20
8:24
8:28
8:32
Time (EST)
8:36
8:45
8:46
8:47
8:48
8:49
8:50
8:51
Time (EST)
Figure 2. DO and pH values for 6 different observations. 2 observations per site (Punta Caracol, CK14, and Site P)
Coral Reef Dissolved Oxygen as a Function of Time
Punta Caracol
B
CK14
7.55
7.2
7.4
7.65
A
7.45
7.0
Site P
10:08
Coral 10:12
• Both observations at CK14 show hypoxic or low DO conditions.
Reef10:16 pH as a Function of Time •10:28 DO and pH both showed sudden 10:32 10:36 10:40 7.54.6 8.0 5.08.5
A C
1.358.24 8.22
3.8 6.5
1.25 8.20
4.2 7.0
• Increased resolution showed strong positive correlation between DO and pH
between the two water chemistry metrics
10:28 10:32 8:39 8:43 8:47 D F
7.0 8.5
C E
.6 8.06.8
6.5 7.45
and dramatic changes within the B Dshort period of data collection.
• Correlation between DO and pH could have negative affects on reef health • Corals may experience hypoxic and/or low DO conditions and increased stress levels more often than previously expected • Further studies into how combined affect of DO and pH affect coral health in laboratory setting • May give us insight into how coral reefs react to future combined oxygen and pH stressors
• pH showed greater fluctuations than DO
10:04 10:08 10:12 10:16 8:283. DO 8:32 8:48 correlation 8:52 Figure and pH8:36 at Punta8:40 Caracol8:44 shows strong
.35 6.0 7.40
• Used Arduino programmed profiler while on SCUBA • Recorded DO and pH measurements by placing profiler over coral reef • Measured fluctuations of DO and pH 6 times per second in order to get high resolution data of how the metrics were changing • Data analyzed in the lab using R to look at correlation
pH
Figure 1. Study sites for DO and pH time series in Bocas del Toro, Panamá
DO (mg/L)
1.45 8.28 8.26
10:04
• The graphs showed high variation in DO and pH values for different sites.
Impact
10:36 8:51 8:55
10:40 8:59 9:03
Acknowledgements I would like to thank Mark Patterson for advising me on this project, the Office of the Provost for a research grant which helped me complete this project, the anonymous donor to the MSC who provided me funding to start this project as a summer intern in 2015, and the Three Seas Program for making it possible for me to travel to Panama and collect my data.
