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EXTERNAL WALL INSULATION Eco Retrofitting Introduction
Keith G. Dicken Cert Arch (Leic), RIBA, MSc (MaE Hudd).
Format • Introduction • Drivers • Policy
• The Philosophy • History
• The Reality • The Science • The Solution • Problems • Advantages • Examples
• Q and A
Format I am not the font of all knowledge so please feel free to ask question or add to my talk. This is not about individuals it is about all of us. It is about sharing knowledge.
Keith G. Dicken • Building Technologist • Chartered Architect • Keith Dicken Associates – Chartered Practice • Ex-lecturer Construction and IT • Previous Chairman – RIBA Somerset • Wrote the Foundation Degree in Sustainable Construction for Somerset College and Plymouth University • Finalist in the 2012 Architects Journal Retrofit Awards
Drivers • Global Warming • International Agreements • Government Targets
International Agreements • Kyoto Protocol • The target agreed upon was an average reduction of 5.2% from 1990 levels by the year 2012. According to the treaty, in 2012, Annex I countries must have fulfilled their obligations of reduction of greenhouse gases emissions established for the first commitment period (2008–2012)
UK Policy The ways in which the UK will further reduce CO2 emissions are set out in the following areas. • The power sector • Homes and communities • Transport system • Farms and managing land and waste sustainably
UK Policy May 11th 2011 - Chris Huhne committed the UK to halving carbon emissions by 2025, from 1990 levels, and changing the way that the country produces energy. Will this be watered down?
Current and Future Situation • Zero Carbon by 2016 • Currently no significant Zero Carbon buildings • Even by the turn of the century only a small minority of buildings will be zero carbon. • The majority will be of extremely low standard. • This applies to ALL buildings • Will this affect Retrofitting? Of Course! It already has!
Eco Retrofitting The Philosophy
Keith G. Dicken Cert Arch (Leic), RIBA, MSc (MaE Hudd).
The Philosophy "A house is a machine for living in.“ Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, better known as Le Corbusier. The house should not be too complex that it cannot be driven but is should be efficient enough to do the job without failing the occupants or the environment
The Philosophy If you can lift it, it is cheap! • Lightweight construction – Post Industrial Revolution • Building were once expected to provide shelter for an out-door life – artificial caves • Now we expect more – we want them to be our whole environment
History • Industrial Revolution – Move to towns and mass produced housing – The Victorian Terrace. • Homes fit for heroes – 1920s and 1950s. • Mass starts and no overall control • “Jerry building!” • No insulation • No central heating • Single coal fire – many electric and paraffin stoves • Damp and cold • THIS IS OUR LEGACY!
History 1965 Building Regulations Act enacted summer 1966, so a question for you! What was the minimum requirement for insulation under the first National Building Regulations in 1966? Answer – 12 mm Foil Backed Plasterboard In 1969? Answer – 1” Fibreglass In 1972? Answer 2” Fibreglass In most parts of the country Central heating wasn’t introduced until the 1970s and it was optional.
Eco Retrofitting The Reality
Keith G. Dicken Cert Arch (Leic), RIBA, MSc (MaE Hudd).
The Reality Thousands of homes with poor insulation and little chance of improvement without a deal of effort.
The Reality
Priority of retrofit insulation: 1) Loft (mostly done now) 2) Walls (Some done where possible) 3) Windows and doors (often done either because of the perception that this is where the is going or for aesthetics.) Walls give the greatest savings but can be the most difficult.
Thermal Capacity
The ability for a building to retain heat in its fabric – Like a storage radiator or the sea around our coast.
Thermal Capacity Two types of buildings to consider. 1) Low Thermal Capacity Buildings – Lightweight construction (but they can still benefit from EWI) 2) High Thermal capacity Buildings – Heavy (traditional Construction) These are the majority! This is our Target
The Solution Few Options 1) Internal insulation converting the building to a low thermal capacity construction. 2) External insulation – Retaining the heat and the natural properties of the building.
The Solution
Thin Coat or Heavy Coat Rain Screen?
The Solution EWI can be very lightweight. Use any breathable insulation materials between battens and construct a rain screen with an air gap. Heavier insulation PIR or Polyurethane gives better results but is not seen as being as sustainable
Problems 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)
Detailing and Cold bridging Cills (are they deep enough or need capping) Depth of Eaves Flue Alterations RW Goods Planning. Access for construction Failure - if using timber battens or Capillary action for solid construction Not good for historic buildings or those with an historic context Shortage of contractors particularly in the South East – but probably everywhere.
Advantages 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)
Major energy Savings Better Comfort for Occupants Updated Appearance and Maintenance Increased Value Reduce Carbon Footprint No Loss of Internal Living Space Particularly good for post war prefab and No-fines Housing where rendering the exterior isn’t an issue Houses that are already rendered or can be rendered without context to the neighbours. Where clients are prepared to “brick slip” buildings.
The Reality
The Reality
The Reality
The Reality
Questions and Answers
Any questions or additions?
Keith G. Dicken Cert Arch (Leic), RIBA, MSc (MaE Hudd).
Format • Introduction • Drivers • Policy
• The Philosophy • History
• The Reality • The Science • The Solution • Problems • Advantages • Examples
• Q and A
Format I am not the font of all knowledge so please feel free to ask question or add to my talk. This is not about individuals it is about all of us. It is about sharing knowledge.
Keith G. Dicken • Building Technologist • Chartered Architect • Keith Dicken Associates – Chartered Practice • Ex-lecturer Construction and IT • Previous Chairman – RIBA Somerset • Wrote the Foundation Degree in Sustainable Construction for Somerset College and Plymouth University • Finalist in the 2012 Architects Journal Retrofit Awards
Drivers • Global Warming • International Agreements • Government Targets
International Agreements • Kyoto Protocol • The target agreed upon was an average reduction of 5.2% from 1990 levels by the year 2012. According to the treaty, in 2012, Annex I countries must have fulfilled their obligations of reduction of greenhouse gases emissions established for the first commitment period (2008–2012)
UK Policy The ways in which the UK will further reduce CO2 emissions are set out in the following areas. • The power sector • Homes and communities • Transport system • Farms and managing land and waste sustainably
UK Policy May 11th 2011 - Chris Huhne committed the UK to halving carbon emissions by 2025, from 1990 levels, and changing the way that the country produces energy. Will this be watered down?
Current and Future Situation • Zero Carbon by 2016 • Currently no significant Zero Carbon buildings • Even by the turn of the century only a small minority of buildings will be zero carbon. • The majority will be of extremely low standard. • This applies to ALL buildings • Will this affect Retrofitting? Of Course! It already has!
Eco Retrofitting The Philosophy
Keith G. Dicken Cert Arch (Leic), RIBA, MSc (MaE Hudd).
The Philosophy "A house is a machine for living in.“ Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, better known as Le Corbusier. The house should not be too complex that it cannot be driven but is should be efficient enough to do the job without failing the occupants or the environment
The Philosophy If you can lift it, it is cheap! • Lightweight construction – Post Industrial Revolution • Building were once expected to provide shelter for an out-door life – artificial caves • Now we expect more – we want them to be our whole environment
History • Industrial Revolution – Move to towns and mass produced housing – The Victorian Terrace. • Homes fit for heroes – 1920s and 1950s. • Mass starts and no overall control • “Jerry building!” • No insulation • No central heating • Single coal fire – many electric and paraffin stoves • Damp and cold • THIS IS OUR LEGACY!
History 1965 Building Regulations Act enacted summer 1966, so a question for you! What was the minimum requirement for insulation under the first National Building Regulations in 1966? Answer – 12 mm Foil Backed Plasterboard In 1969? Answer – 1” Fibreglass In 1972? Answer 2” Fibreglass In most parts of the country Central heating wasn’t introduced until the 1970s and it was optional.
Eco Retrofitting The Reality
Keith G. Dicken Cert Arch (Leic), RIBA, MSc (MaE Hudd).
The Reality Thousands of homes with poor insulation and little chance of improvement without a deal of effort.
The Reality
Priority of retrofit insulation: 1) Loft (mostly done now) 2) Walls (Some done where possible) 3) Windows and doors (often done either because of the perception that this is where the is going or for aesthetics.) Walls give the greatest savings but can be the most difficult.
Thermal Capacity
The ability for a building to retain heat in its fabric – Like a storage radiator or the sea around our coast.
Thermal Capacity Two types of buildings to consider. 1) Low Thermal Capacity Buildings – Lightweight construction (but they can still benefit from EWI) 2) High Thermal capacity Buildings – Heavy (traditional Construction) These are the majority! This is our Target
The Solution Few Options 1) Internal insulation converting the building to a low thermal capacity construction. 2) External insulation – Retaining the heat and the natural properties of the building.
The Solution
Thin Coat or Heavy Coat Rain Screen?
The Solution EWI can be very lightweight. Use any breathable insulation materials between battens and construct a rain screen with an air gap. Heavier insulation PIR or Polyurethane gives better results but is not seen as being as sustainable
Problems 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)
Detailing and Cold bridging Cills (are they deep enough or need capping) Depth of Eaves Flue Alterations RW Goods Planning. Access for construction Failure - if using timber battens or Capillary action for solid construction Not good for historic buildings or those with an historic context Shortage of contractors particularly in the South East – but probably everywhere.
Advantages 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)
Major energy Savings Better Comfort for Occupants Updated Appearance and Maintenance Increased Value Reduce Carbon Footprint No Loss of Internal Living Space Particularly good for post war prefab and No-fines Housing where rendering the exterior isn’t an issue Houses that are already rendered or can be rendered without context to the neighbours. Where clients are prepared to “brick slip” buildings.
The Reality
The Reality
The Reality
The Reality
Questions and Answers
Any questions or additions?
