PUAD 703/GOVT 753 THIRD PARTY GOVERNANCE Fall 2012 TH 7:20‐10:00 Founders Hall 467 Office Hours Thursdays 4:00‐6:00 Professor Lehn M. Benjamin Center for Nonprofit Management, Philanthropy and Policy Department of Public and International Affairs Arlington, Truland Building Room 217
[email protected] 703‐993‐8240
COURSE DESCRIPTION Achieving public objectives in a democracy is rarely a simple task. In the U.S., concern over a too powerful central authority has meant that responsibility for achieving these objectives is shared between federal, state and local governments and often carried out in partnership with private actors. But in the past half century, conducting the “public’s business” has become even more complex, as governments at all levels have been called upon to address social and economic problems that go well beyond their capacity and legitimacy. At the same time, the complexity of the problems today often extend beyond national boundaries, requiring government to work with international agencies, networks of nonprofits and governmental units in other countries. Not surprisingly the archetypical model that has guided public administration for decades—where the authorization, financing and implementation of programs happens within a hierarchical government organization—has given way to a governance model characterized by dispersed networks of public and private actors working on problems more or less purposively, coherently and collaboratively. In this environment government’s role is often one of activating, orchestrating or simply setting the stage for others to act rather than implementing programs directly. These complex governance arrangements have profound implications for those managers trying to achieve public objectives while remaining attentive to democratic concerns like equity, accountability, and transparency. Questions shift from what program can address this problem to what tools (e.g., grants, contracts, tax credits and regulations) and networks can best achieve our public objectives. This course complements PUAD 502 by preparing you for working in a world of practice many describe as ‘third party governance’. By the end of the course you will: • Understand the implications of relying on 3rd parties for achieving public objectives while attending to concerns such as equity and accountability. • Examine the different tools the government has at its disposal to structure the action of third parities in achieving public objectives, including the features of the tool, historical use of tools in different problem domains, the strengths and limitations of each tool. • Examine public problem solving networks and understand the strength of these networks for achieving public objectives, including the different roles played by various actors as well as their capacity and interests. Syllabus subject to change. Benjamin, PUAD 703, Fall 2012
1
COURSE MATERIAL The required texts are available in the bookstore and the articles/chapters are available through blackboard (mymason.gmu.edu). Look for the folder labeled “Course Readings”. THOSE CASES NOT ON BLACKBOARD can be found on the Kennedy School of Government website (www.ksg.harvard.edu). You will need to pay for these cases. If you have trouble downloading the case contact customer care (1‐888‐640‐4945). Required Texts: Salamon, Lester A (Ed). 2002. Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance. Oxford University Press. Erickson, David J. 2009. The Housing Policy Revolution: Networks and Neighborhoods. Washington D. C. Urban Institute Press Goldsmith, Stephen and William D. Eggers. 2004. Governing by Network: The New Shape of the Public Sector. Washington D.C., Brookings Institution Press. COURSE SCHEDULE August 30th. Week 1. Course Introduction and Overview PART I. Government to Governance The first part of the course provides a broad overview of third party governance, including why we rely on third parties, the democratic questions this raises and the implications for managers. September 6th. Week 2. Government to Governance. • Kettl, Donald F. 2002. “Administrative Traditions” Chapter 2 in The Transformation of Governance: Public Administration for the 21st Century America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. • Kettl, Donald F. 2000. The Transformation of Governance: Globalization, Devolution and the Role of Government. Public Administration Review, 60(6): 488‐497 • Kania, John and Mark Kramer. 2011. Collective Impact. Stanford Social Innovation Review. Winter. • CASE: Washington Post. Scrutiny Varies Widely in Split System of Inspection. Read this piece (available on blackboard) and then take a food you eat regularly (e.g., organic blueberries; steak; nacho cheese Doritos). Do some quick research. Who is involved in ensuring your food is safe and real (i.e., that you are eating what you think you are eating!)? Come prepared to discuss your findings! Key Questions: What is third party governance? Why do we rely on third parties to solve public problems? What is the significance of network and collaborative efforts? September 13th. Week 3. Government to Governance. Readings: • Tools of Government. Chapters 1 and 2 • Goldsmith and Eggers, Designing Networks Chapter 2 and 3 in Governing by Network. • Agranoff, Robert. 2006. Inside Collaborative Networks: Ten Lessons for Public Managers. Public Administration Review. December Special Issue. 56‐65
Syllabus subject to change. Benjamin, PUAD 703, Fall 2012
2
•
CASE: Affordable Care Act. Go to http://www.healthcare.gov/law/index.html. Take a look under the “Health Care Law and You” tab and on the left you will see “implementation resources”. Browse this page and then focus specifically on the Affordable Insurance Exchange Grants and the Proposed Rule (regulation): Women’s Preventive Services under the Affordable Care Act. Also take a look at the CO‐ Ops (Consumer Operated and Oriented Plan) http://www.healthcare.gov/law/features/choices/co‐ op/index.html. Come prepared to discuss some of the management challenges and opportunities you see in implementing the Affordable Care Act based on the readings and your review of the website.
Key Questions: How is managing in third party networks different than managing in an organization? What kinds of skills, competencies and expertise are needed? What tools does the government have at its disposal? What are the implications for implementing the Affordable Care Act? September 20th Week 4. Government to Governance. Readings: • Tools of Government Chapter 18 and 20 • Boyte, Harry. 2005. Reframing Democracy: Governance, Civic Agency and Politics. Public Administration Review, 65(5): 536‐546. • Victor Pestoff and Taco Brandsen. 2010. Public Governance and the Third Sector: Opportunities for Co‐ Production and Innovation. Chapter 13 in The New Public Governance: Emerging Perspectives on the theory and practice of public governance. Routledge. • CASE: Self‐Help Housing on the Texas‐Mexico Border: The Complications of Good Fortune for a Small Nonprofit Organization. (KSG: 1478) Key Questions: What are the democratic implications of relying on third parties to achieve public objectives? How do we ensure accountability for public objectives? What about the ability of citizens to participate in governing? September 27th. Week 5. Government to Governance. Readings: Erickson, David J. 2009. The Housing Policy Revolution: Networks and Neighborhoods. Washington D. C. Urban Institute Press (skim chapter 1 and 4; read 2,3, 5 and 6) Key Questions: This week we will bring some of these initial ideas and concepts together by looking at the case of affordable housing. How have our efforts to address affordable housing changed over time? Describe the affordable housing network. Who are the key players? What are their roles? What tools does the federal government use to steer, encourage and support third parties to address this problem? October 4th. Week 6. No class. TAKE HOME EXAM DUE 10 PM PART II. Tools This section of the course examines specific tools that the government can use to mobilize third parties to address public problems and achieve policy objectives. We examine four tools and consider questions such
Syllabus subject to change. Benjamin, PUAD 703, Fall 2012
3
as: How has the government used this tool? When is using this tool likely to be more effective or less effective? What are the key design features of this tool? What efforts have been undertaken to improve this tool? How does the tool structure third party networks (e.g., who is involved, their role, relationships)? October 11th. Week 7. Social Regulation Readings • Tools of Government. Chapters 5. Social Regulation • Rudder, Catherine E. 2008. Private Governance as Public Policy: A Paradigmatic Shift. The Journal of Politics. Vol. 70 (4): 899‐913. October 18th. Week 8. Tax Credits, Deductions, Exemptions Readings: • Tools of Government. Chapter 13. Tax expenditures • De Vita, Carol J. and Eric C. Trombley. 2005. Who Gains from Charitable Tax Credit Program? The Arizona Model. Public Administration Review, 65(1): 57‐63. October 25th. Week 9. Public Information Readings: • Tools of Government. Chapter 7. Public Information • CRS Report # RL32750. Public Relations and Propaganda: Restrictions on Executive Agency November 1st. Week 10. Grants and Contracts • Tools of Government. Chapters 10 and 11. Grants and Purchase of Service Contracts • Smith, Steven Rathgeb and Judith Smyth. 2010. The Governance of Contracting Relationships: Killing the Golden Goose: A Third Sector Perspective Chapter 16 in The New Public Governance: Emerging Perspectives on the theory and practice of public governance. Routledge. PART III. Networks This section of the course picks up on some of the themes from earlier in the course and delves more deeply into a few key network management issues. November 8th. Week 11. Public Problem Solving Networks. Designing and Building Readings • Goldsmith and Eggers, Designing Networks Chapter 4 and 5 in Governing by Network. • Milward, H. Brinton and Keith G. Provan. 1998. Measuring Network Structure. Public Administration, 76(summer): 387‐407 • Krebs, Valdis and June Holley. 2005. Building Adaptive Communities through Network Weaving. The Nonprofit Quarterly Winter 66‐72 • CASE: Trust as an Asset (Blackboard) Key Questions: What kinds of networks are there? How can we characterize networks? How can networks be designed or ‘built’ to be more effective?
Syllabus subject to change. Benjamin, PUAD 703, Fall 2012
4
November 15th. Week 12. Public Problem Solving Networks. Leadership Readings • Moynihan, Donald P. From Forest Fires to Hurricane Katrina: Case Studies of Incident Command Systems. IBM Center for the Business of Government. • Marcus, Leanard J, Barry C. Dorn and Joseph M. Henderson. Meta‐Leadership and National Emergency Preparedness: Strategies to Build Government Connectivity. (Available on Blackboard) Key Questions: What does it take to actually lead a network? What capacities, vision, and approaches are required? How is leading a network different than leading an organization? Are the lessons about leadership from emergency management applicable to other policy areas? Tools Paper Due. E‐mail me your paper by 7:20p.m. November 22nd . Week 13. THANKSGIVING NO CLASS November 29th. Week 14. Public Problem Solving Networks. Managing Readings • Vangen, Siv and Chris Huxham. 2003. Nurturing Collaborative Relations: Building Trust in Inter‐ organizational Collaboration. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 39(5): 5‐31. • O’Leary, Rosemary and Lisa Blomgren Bingham. 2007. A Managers Guide to Resolving Conflicts in Collaborative Networks. IBM Center for the Business of Government • CASE: The Challenge of Multi‐Agency Collaboration. Launching a Large‐Scale Youth Development Project in Hartford (KSG: 1673.0) Key Questions: Managing conflict and building trust are critical in any management context but these issues became more salient in network settings where participation is not mandated and command and control mechanisms are not in place. How can managers build trust? What are some key strategies they can use to address conflict? December 6th. Week 15. Public Problem Solving Networks. Evaluating Readings: • Provan, Keith & Milward, H.Brinton. 2001. Do Networks Really Work? A Framework for Evaluating Public Sector Organizational Networks. Public Administration Review, 61(4):414‐431. • Herranz, Joaquin. 2009. Multilevel Performance Indicators for Multisectoral Networks and Management. The American Review of Public Administration 40 (4): 455‐460 Key Questions: Which networks are more effective? How can we tell? What criteria can we use to evaluate third party networks? COURSE EXPECTATIONS AND EVALUATION You will be evaluated on their written assignments, in class presentations, case discussions and general participation. The expectations are described briefly below. A. Participation (10%)
Syllabus subject to change. Benjamin, PUAD 703, Fall 2012
5
This course is structured as a seminar. Participation will be a critical and an important part of how you will be evaluated. Effective participation depends on a variety of skills including: active listening, respect and openness to everyone’s ideas and contributions, concise questioning and purposeful discussion (see below for computer/cell phone policy). B. Government to Governance Take Home Exam (20%). A take home exam will be posted on blackboard on September 27th by midnight. It is due the following week, October 4th by 10p.m. The take home exam will cover material in the first section of the course. C. Tool Analysis Presentation (10%). You will be responsible for preparing a formal analysis of one tool’s application to a specific policy issue of your choosing. For example, you may be assigned to tax credits and you care about the environment so you decide to look at a tax credit for renewable energy. You will be responsible for making a short presentation to the class. You will be expected to review public documents, popular press articles, and scholarly literature on the topic and present their assessment of this tool to the class. D. Tools Research Paper: (Tools 25%). Approximately 5 pages single spaced. Drawing on material covered in the second section of the course, in addition to outside resources, you will write an analytical memo that either 1) examines three tools the federal government has used in one policy area or ii) one tool that has been used in three policy areas. E. Network Research Paper (35%). Approximately 6‐8 pages single spaced. Pick a policy issue that you care about (this should be different than the issue you examined for the tools paper). Map the network across the public and private sectors and draw conclusions about potential effectiveness of each network in working collaboratively and in partnership with governments. You can draw on the material covered during the entire course, but you are expected to draw more intensively on material from the third part of the course. You will also need to draw extensively on outside resources to research the issue. COURSE COMMUNICATION Changes to the course schedule, reading assignments and other important information will be announced during class and/or sent to your GMU email address. Assignments will be posted to blackboard but we will also go over them in class. If you have questions or concerns about the course or the material, do not hesitate to talk to me. If you don’t understand something, ask me about it. You are welcome to come see me during my office hours. If you cannot make office hours, we can arrange for an individual appointment by phone or in person. Email is the best way to get in touch with me. If you do send an e‐mail, include PUAD 703 in the subject header. I will make every attempt to get back to you within 2 days. CLASSROOM EXPECTATIONS In order to create an environment where everyone is engaged and able to learn, turn off your cell phones, computers and other electronic devices during class. Texting, checking your Facebook page and talking in the classroom is distracting and frustrating for others. If you must do this, leave the room or wait until the break. If you need to use your computer to take notes, contact me to make arrangements. ATTENDANCE You must let me know if they will miss a class. If you miss a class, it is YOUR responsibility to collect handouts, notes, new deadlines, etc. from classmates. LATE ASSIGNMENTS
Syllabus subject to change. Benjamin, PUAD 703, Fall 2012
6
Late Assignments are strongly discouraged, because it is difficult for both you and me to keep up with new assignments while simultaneously working on prior ones. I recognize that at times outside circumstances can make it difficult for you to meet a given deadline. If you absolutely must turn in an assignment late, let me know and we will agree to a new deadline. If you turn in your assignment late I cannot guarantee that I will be able to give you either timely turn around or written comments. ACADEMIC INTEGRTIY All graded work is to be completed independently. You are expected to abide by the GMU Honor Code, which prohibits lying, cheating, stealing and plagiarizing (see http://academicintegrity.gmu.edu/honorcode/ for detailed information). Suspected cases of plagiarism may be evaluated using anti‐plagiarism software. Instructors are required to report all violations of the Honor Code to the GMU Honor Committee. Violations will likely result in a failing grade for the assignment and may result in a failing grade for the course, plus any additional penalties determined by the committee, including dismissal from the University. Please be sure that the work you submit to class is your own, and that you provide proper citations when referencing another person’s words or ideas. STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES If you are a student with a disability and you need academic accommodations, please see me and contact the Office for Disability Services at 703.993.2474. All academic accommodations must be arranged through that office. DROP and WITHDRAWAL Last day to drop with no tuition penalty: **September 4 Last day to add classes: **September 4 Last day to drop with no academic liability and some payment refund: **September 28 Summary of Class Schedule and Assignment Due Date Date Topic Assignment Due 1. August 30th Introduction and Course Overview 2. September 6 Government to Governance 3. September 13 Government to Governance 4. September 20 Government to Governance 5. September 27 Government to Governance 6. October 4th Take Home Exam Take Home Exam Due at 10 p.m. th 7. October 11 Tools 8. October 18th Tools 9. October 25 Tools 10. November 1st Tools 11. November 8th Networks 12. November 15th Networks Tools Paper Due 13. November 22nd THANKSGIVING th 14. November 29 Networks 15. December 6th Networks December 10th Network Paper Due
Syllabus subject to change. Benjamin, PUAD 703, Fall 2012
7