Qualitative Data Quantitative Data - direction of theorizing: inductive ...
Qualitative Data - direction of theorizing: inductive - relies on interpretive/critical social science - emphasizes conducting detailed examinations of cases arising in natural flow of social life - conceptualization largely determined by data - deviant case sampling (nonrandom sample where researcher selects unusual or nonconforming cases purposely as a way to provide insight into social processes or a setting) - information in forms of words, pictures, sounds, visuals (soft data) - used in exploratory research & descriptive research (purpose) - used in case-studies research (time dimension) - most closely aligned with interpretive and critical paradigms - research is more non-linear and cyclical paradigms (purpose is to construct meaning) - typical research questions: - - - how did a certain condition or social situation originate? - - - how is a condition/situation maintained? - examine social processes and cases in their social context - conceptualization and operationalization occur simultaneously with data collection and preliminary data analysis - social context is critical - uses ideal types
Quantitative Data - direction of theorizing: deductive - relies on positivist approach to social science - emphasizes precisely measuring variables and testing hypotheses - probability sampling is used - goal of research: draw representative sample from huge number of cases to intensely study sampled cases - information in forms of numbers (hard data) - used in descriptive research & explanatory research - meta-analysis – overview of existing evidence - research follow more linear path
Qualitative Data Design Issues - emphasizes social context for understanding social world - time is essential
Quantitative Data Design Issues - intervening variables - null hypothesis - alternative hypothesis - ecological fallacy - reductionism - Simpson’s paradox - tautology - teleology
Process of operationalization - operationalization comes before conceptualization - not all use similar hard and fast structure copy
Process of operationalization - follows abstract construct to concrete measures - tends to follow similar structure
Data-collection technique - qualitative interview - field research - focus group - content analysis - historical-comparative research
Data-collection technique - experimental research - survey research - context analysis - existing statistics research Levels of management - Nominal - Ordinal - Interval - Ratio
Quantitative Data - direction of theorizing: deductive - relies on positivist approach to social science - emphasizes precisely measuring variables and testing hypotheses - probability sampling is used - goal of research: draw representative sample from huge number of cases to intensely study sampled cases - information in forms of numbers (hard data) - used in descriptive research & explanatory research - meta-analysis – overview of existing evidence - research follow more linear path
Qualitative Data Design Issues - emphasizes social context for understanding social world - time is essential
Quantitative Data Design Issues - intervening variables - null hypothesis - alternative hypothesis - ecological fallacy - reductionism - Simpson’s paradox - tautology - teleology
Process of operationalization - operationalization comes before conceptualization - not all use similar hard and fast structure copy
Process of operationalization - follows abstract construct to concrete measures - tends to follow similar structure
Data-collection technique - qualitative interview - field research - focus group - content analysis - historical-comparative research
Data-collection technique - experimental research - survey research - context analysis - existing statistics research Levels of management - Nominal - Ordinal - Interval - Ratio
