Quiz 2
Quiz 2
Question 1
1 / 1 point
Look carefully at the evolutionary tree. Which of the following statements is true about this phylogeny? A snake is more closely related to a bird than to a crocodile. A bird and a crocodile are equally closely related to a lizard. The common ancestor of birds and dinosaurs was a crocodile. Dinosaurs are equally closely related to birds and crocodiles. Birds and lizards are more closely related to each other than dinosaurs and snakes are. Question 2
1 / 1 point
Based on these four evolutionary trees, which of the following statements is true? Tree 1 is different from the others. Tree 2 is different from the others. Tree 3 is different from the others. Tree 4 is different from the others. All four trees show the same thing. Question 3
1 / 1 point
For each combination of species, indicate whether the group they form would be monophyletic or paraphyletic. ____
A, G, B
____
C, J, A, B, G, I, E, H, F
1.
____
D, C, A, B, G, K, J, I
____
A, B, G, I, H, E
2.
Monophyletic (i.e., a clade) Paraphyletic (i.e., not a clade) 1 / 1 point
Question 4 Match each definition with the correct term. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
A measure of the number of species in a taxonomic group or geographical area. The presence of similar traits in two species who inherited them from their common ancestor. Different morphological traits produced by the same genotype in different environments. A level in the hierarchical classification system used in biology. A measure of how physically different two species are.
Phenotypic plasticity
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Disparity Homology Diversity Phylum 1 / 1 point
Question 5 Which of the following was NOT a cause of differences within species that we observed in the mussels? Phenotypic plasticity resulting from mussels growing up in slow versus fast running water. Genetic differences revealed using microsatellites. Sexual dimorphism. Pollution from farms causing individuals in some areas to become sick and lose their colour. Differences among individuals at different stages in their ontogeny.
Question 1
1 / 1 point
For each statement below, indicate whether it is true or false. ____ If 100 flies are exposed to a pesticide, it is likely that at least one of them will become resistant to the chemical. ____ The biological species concept defines species on the basis of whether interbreeding is possible or not. 1. ____ For species that do not reproduce sexually, it is necessary to use the budding species concept. 2. ____ Genetic drift is the main source of new variation on which natural selection acts. ____ Natural selection is the only known mechanism that can produce adaptations. Question 2
True False 1 / 1 point
Which one of the following statements about natural selection is TRUE? Natural selection can only occur if individual organisms differ in how well they survive in a particular environment. Natural selection occurs because of differences among organisms in their ability to respond to challenges. Natural selection changes the proportion of existing variation in the population from one generation to the next. Natural selection chooses individual organisms that are the most well adapted so that eventually complex adaptations will evolve. The goal of natural selection is to eliminate the weakest members of a species so that it does not go extinct. Question 3
1 / 1 point
Match each term with the appropriate description. 1. ____ A shift in function or taking on a new function. 2. ____ Mass extinction occurring currently. ____ Replacement of a previously common type of organism with a different type, often following a mass extinction. 3. ____ Tissue that forms the shell in mussels. 4. ____ Loss of a species in a portion of its former range. 5. Question 4
Cooption Holocene event Mantle Faunal turnover Extirpation 1 / 1 point
Which one of the following statements is FALSE? Mass extinctions may take hundreds of thousands of years to occur. Current estimates suggest that there are somewhere between 10 and 100 million species on Earth currently. The largest extinction event to date occurred 250 million years ago, and is known as "The Great Dying" because 95% of species dissappeared. Dinosaurs went extinct because they were unable to compete with mammals. Mass extinctions involve the loss of 50% or more of existing biodiversity in a geologically short period of time. Question 5
1 / 1 point
For each statement, indicate whether it is true or false. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
Bivalve molluscs are descended from an older group of shelled organisms known as brachiopods. Anthropogenic impacts represent the largest threat to biodiversity today. 2010 is the International Year of Biodiversity. It took 100 million years for global biodiversity levels to recover after The Great Dying. More species exist now than have existed in the past.
Question 1
1 / 1 point
Which of ONE the following statements is FALSE about the woodlots described in the Inquiry Case on Forest Biodiversity?
Old Field Woods is the headwaters of a local watershed. Majestic Pine Woods has a shallow water table. Maple Ridge Woods has shallow soils.
Majestic Pine Woods has large pine trees. Maple Ridge Woods contains several very rare species. Question 2
1 / 1 point
Indicate whether each of the statements below is true or false. Enter 1 for true and 2 for false. ____ The three levels of biodiversity are: Population Diversity, Community Diversity, and Ecosystem Diversity. ____ The Canadian Biodiversity Strategy defines biodiversity as the variety of species in Canada. 1. True ____ The four levels of biodiversity are: Genetic Diversity, Species Diversity, Habitat Diversity, and Ecosystem Diversity. 2. False ____ The three levels of biodiversity are: Genetic Diversity, Species Diversity, and Ecosystem Diversity. ____ The "Convention on Biological Diversity" defines biodiversity as "the variability among terrestrial living organisms. Question 3
1 / 1 point
Match each of the definitions below with the corresponding biological term. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
____ Number of species in an ecosystem or sample. ____ The number of individuals of a species within some area at some point in time. ____ Number of individuals per species. ____ A group of species in an ecosystem at some point in time. ____ Distribution of individuals among species in a community. Question 4
Population Species richness Community Species evenness Species abundance 1 / 1 point
Look carefully at these species area curves. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the diversity in the five areas (AY, OG, KR, KU, SN)? Sampling intensity is almost saturated at OG. Diversity is highest in AY. KR is likely to be over sampled. Richness is lowest in SN. Sampling intensity is saturated at AY. Question 5
1 / 1 point
Which of the following does NOT represent an abiotic factor? Pollutants.
Climatic variables. Nutrient availability. Soil porosity. Species competition.
For each statement below, indicate whether it is true or false. (Enter 1 for true and 2 for false). Carrying capacity refers to the number of individuals who can be supported in a given area ____ within natural resource limits, and without degrading the natural social, cultural and economic environment for present and future generations. 1. True ____ Facultative mutualists must live with a partner species. 2. False ____ Population growth is the change in the number of individuals during some period of time. ____ Ecosystem processes include energy flows and the cycling of materials. ____ The carrying capacity for any given area is fixed. Question 2
1 / 1 point
Which of the following equations defines population size?
(Pt1) = N2 + I - D + B – E (Pt) = B - I + D – E (Pt+1) = B - I + D + I – E (Pt2) = Pt1 + B - D + I – E (Pt+1) = B - I +D+I–E
Match each term with the appropriate description. ____ ____ ____ ____
An interaction between organisms or species, in which one species benefits at theMutualis 1. expense of another. m 2. Amensalism An interaction that benefits one organism and the other organism is neither benefited nor harmed. 3. Antagonism An interaction between two species that involves one impeding or restricting 4. Competition the success of the other while the other species has no effect on it. 5. Commensalism An interaction between organisms or species, in which the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of another.
____
An interaction between two or more species, where species derive a mutual benefit, for example an increased carrying capacity.
Question 4
1 / 1 point
Which one of the following statements is FALSE? Spatial scale can be decreased to microhabitats (point diversity) or increased to include multiple woodlots in a township at a broader landscape scale (gamma diversity). The number of species within local woodlot local scale is called alpha diversity. Physiognomy refers to the least dominant vegetation in a forest. The physical traits of shade tolerant plants may include broad, thin leaves and high levels of foliar nutrients. Communities in early succession will be dominated by fast-growing, welldispersed species. 1.
Indicate whether each of the statements below is True or False (Enter 1 for True and 2 for False).
____
____
Adaptation is a characteristic that enhances the surv (especially ancestral) character states.
____
Genetic drift is the main source of new variation on
____
Mutation (the origin of new genetic variation), genet bottlenecks), and gene flow (movement of genes am
____
Adaptation is the change undergone by an individua that do not reproduce sexually, it is necessary to use
2. Which one of the following statements about natural selection is TRUE?
Natural selection does not change the proportion of ex
Natural selection occurs because of differences amon
Natural selection is nonrandom differences in surviva characteristics.
The goal of natural selection is to eliminate the weake Natural selection can only occur if individual organism
3.
Match each term with the appropriate description.
____
The proportional representation of a phenotype, gen
____
Alternate (i.e., different and mutually exclusive) form
____
The set of genes possessed by an organism.
____
For sexual species, a group of interbreeding individu
____
The physical expression of the genotype (in combin
4.
Indicate whether each of the statements below is
True or False (Enter 1 for True and 2 for False).
____
Gene flow is the movement of genes from one popu
____
More species exist now than have existed in the pas
____
There are many kinds of barriers that can block gen
____
Ecological specializations such as eating different fo
____
The net effect of the gene flow process is to cause t mix.
5. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
6.
Match each term with the appropriate description.
Replacement of a previously common type of organ Mass extinction occurring currently. Tissue that forms the shell in mussels. A shift in function or taking on a new function. Loss of a species in a portion of its former range.
Order the following levels in the hierarchy from broadest level (1) to the most specific (8).
____
Order
____
Genus
____
Family
____
Phylum
____
Kingdom
____
Class
____
Domain
____
Species
7. Match the field observations recorded by a biologist with the term that best describes the observation.
At site 1 we found the following mussels: paper pondshell, mucket, snuffbox, fat mucket, and black sand 1. At site 2 we found only paper pondshells.
At site 1, of the 4 creek heel splitters, #1 had 5 doublelooped ridges, #2 had 7 doublelooped ridges, #3 2. looped ridges and #4 had 8 doublelooped ridges. 3. At site 1 we found 40 creek heelsplitters, but at site 2 we only found 2 creek heelsplitters 4. At site 1 various mussel species all share a similar bivalve shape, but the size varied from 5150 mm.
8. Match each definition with the correct term. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
A measure of the number of species in a taxonomic A level in the hierarchical classification system used A measure of how physically different two species a The presence of similar traits in two species who inh Different morphological traits produced by the same
9. Match the term with the correct definition.
____
development
____
members of same species
____
variation between male and female
____
number of species
10. Which of the following statements about zebra mussels are True or False? Enter 1 for True, 2 for False.
____
The zebra mussel is native to the Great Lakes wate
____
The invasive quagga mussel (Dreissena rostrifo
____
Zebra mussels are filter feeders and as a conseque
____
The economic damage by zebra mussels have alrea
____
The zebra mussel was first reported in western Euro
11. Match the term with the definition. ____
Glochidia
____
Dioecious
____
Unionidae
____ ___
1. 2.
Lure
3.
Marsupium
5.
4.
12. Place the following life stages in order from youngest (1) to oldest (5). ____
glochidium in host gill
____
adult
____
juvenile mussel
____
glochidium in marsupium
____
embryo
13. Choose the correct definition: Obligate parasitism...
is the term applied to organisms that may or may not p
refers to the process where males release their sperm
is found in all invertebrates during some phase of their
means that an organism must parasitize a host at som
14. Which of the following statements about scientific papers are True or False? (Enter 1 for True, 2 for False) ____
Once published, a scientific paper is accepted by th
____
Peerreviewed scientific publications are also known
____
All scientific manuscripts submitted by authors to a j
____
Peerreviewed journal articles can be found through and Web of Science.
____
Peer review means that a scientific manuscript was and provided critical comments about the study. accepting the paper for publication.
Question 1
1 / 1 point
Look carefully at the evolutionary tree. Which of the following statements is true about this phylogeny? A snake is more closely related to a bird than to a crocodile. A bird and a crocodile are equally closely related to a lizard. The common ancestor of birds and dinosaurs was a crocodile. Dinosaurs are equally closely related to birds and crocodiles. Birds and lizards are more closely related to each other than dinosaurs and snakes are. Question 2
1 / 1 point
Based on these four evolutionary trees, which of the following statements is true? Tree 1 is different from the others. Tree 2 is different from the others. Tree 3 is different from the others. Tree 4 is different from the others. All four trees show the same thing. Question 3
1 / 1 point
For each combination of species, indicate whether the group they form would be monophyletic or paraphyletic. ____
A, G, B
____
C, J, A, B, G, I, E, H, F
1.
____
D, C, A, B, G, K, J, I
____
A, B, G, I, H, E
2.
Monophyletic (i.e., a clade) Paraphyletic (i.e., not a clade) 1 / 1 point
Question 4 Match each definition with the correct term. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
A measure of the number of species in a taxonomic group or geographical area. The presence of similar traits in two species who inherited them from their common ancestor. Different morphological traits produced by the same genotype in different environments. A level in the hierarchical classification system used in biology. A measure of how physically different two species are.
Phenotypic plasticity
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Disparity Homology Diversity Phylum 1 / 1 point
Question 5 Which of the following was NOT a cause of differences within species that we observed in the mussels? Phenotypic plasticity resulting from mussels growing up in slow versus fast running water. Genetic differences revealed using microsatellites. Sexual dimorphism. Pollution from farms causing individuals in some areas to become sick and lose their colour. Differences among individuals at different stages in their ontogeny.
Question 1
1 / 1 point
For each statement below, indicate whether it is true or false. ____ If 100 flies are exposed to a pesticide, it is likely that at least one of them will become resistant to the chemical. ____ The biological species concept defines species on the basis of whether interbreeding is possible or not. 1. ____ For species that do not reproduce sexually, it is necessary to use the budding species concept. 2. ____ Genetic drift is the main source of new variation on which natural selection acts. ____ Natural selection is the only known mechanism that can produce adaptations. Question 2
True False 1 / 1 point
Which one of the following statements about natural selection is TRUE? Natural selection can only occur if individual organisms differ in how well they survive in a particular environment. Natural selection occurs because of differences among organisms in their ability to respond to challenges. Natural selection changes the proportion of existing variation in the population from one generation to the next. Natural selection chooses individual organisms that are the most well adapted so that eventually complex adaptations will evolve. The goal of natural selection is to eliminate the weakest members of a species so that it does not go extinct. Question 3
1 / 1 point
Match each term with the appropriate description. 1. ____ A shift in function or taking on a new function. 2. ____ Mass extinction occurring currently. ____ Replacement of a previously common type of organism with a different type, often following a mass extinction. 3. ____ Tissue that forms the shell in mussels. 4. ____ Loss of a species in a portion of its former range. 5. Question 4
Cooption Holocene event Mantle Faunal turnover Extirpation 1 / 1 point
Which one of the following statements is FALSE? Mass extinctions may take hundreds of thousands of years to occur. Current estimates suggest that there are somewhere between 10 and 100 million species on Earth currently. The largest extinction event to date occurred 250 million years ago, and is known as "The Great Dying" because 95% of species dissappeared. Dinosaurs went extinct because they were unable to compete with mammals. Mass extinctions involve the loss of 50% or more of existing biodiversity in a geologically short period of time. Question 5
1 / 1 point
For each statement, indicate whether it is true or false. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
Bivalve molluscs are descended from an older group of shelled organisms known as brachiopods. Anthropogenic impacts represent the largest threat to biodiversity today. 2010 is the International Year of Biodiversity. It took 100 million years for global biodiversity levels to recover after The Great Dying. More species exist now than have existed in the past.
Question 1
1 / 1 point
Which of ONE the following statements is FALSE about the woodlots described in the Inquiry Case on Forest Biodiversity?
Old Field Woods is the headwaters of a local watershed. Majestic Pine Woods has a shallow water table. Maple Ridge Woods has shallow soils.
Majestic Pine Woods has large pine trees. Maple Ridge Woods contains several very rare species. Question 2
1 / 1 point
Indicate whether each of the statements below is true or false. Enter 1 for true and 2 for false. ____ The three levels of biodiversity are: Population Diversity, Community Diversity, and Ecosystem Diversity. ____ The Canadian Biodiversity Strategy defines biodiversity as the variety of species in Canada. 1. True ____ The four levels of biodiversity are: Genetic Diversity, Species Diversity, Habitat Diversity, and Ecosystem Diversity. 2. False ____ The three levels of biodiversity are: Genetic Diversity, Species Diversity, and Ecosystem Diversity. ____ The "Convention on Biological Diversity" defines biodiversity as "the variability among terrestrial living organisms. Question 3
1 / 1 point
Match each of the definitions below with the corresponding biological term. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
____ Number of species in an ecosystem or sample. ____ The number of individuals of a species within some area at some point in time. ____ Number of individuals per species. ____ A group of species in an ecosystem at some point in time. ____ Distribution of individuals among species in a community. Question 4
Population Species richness Community Species evenness Species abundance 1 / 1 point
Look carefully at these species area curves. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the diversity in the five areas (AY, OG, KR, KU, SN)? Sampling intensity is almost saturated at OG. Diversity is highest in AY. KR is likely to be over sampled. Richness is lowest in SN. Sampling intensity is saturated at AY. Question 5
1 / 1 point
Which of the following does NOT represent an abiotic factor? Pollutants.
Climatic variables. Nutrient availability. Soil porosity. Species competition.
For each statement below, indicate whether it is true or false. (Enter 1 for true and 2 for false). Carrying capacity refers to the number of individuals who can be supported in a given area ____ within natural resource limits, and without degrading the natural social, cultural and economic environment for present and future generations. 1. True ____ Facultative mutualists must live with a partner species. 2. False ____ Population growth is the change in the number of individuals during some period of time. ____ Ecosystem processes include energy flows and the cycling of materials. ____ The carrying capacity for any given area is fixed. Question 2
1 / 1 point
Which of the following equations defines population size?
(Pt1) = N2 + I - D + B – E (Pt) = B - I + D – E (Pt+1) = B - I + D + I – E (Pt2) = Pt1 + B - D + I – E (Pt+1) = B - I +D+I–E
Match each term with the appropriate description. ____ ____ ____ ____
An interaction between organisms or species, in which one species benefits at theMutualis 1. expense of another. m 2. Amensalism An interaction that benefits one organism and the other organism is neither benefited nor harmed. 3. Antagonism An interaction between two species that involves one impeding or restricting 4. Competition the success of the other while the other species has no effect on it. 5. Commensalism An interaction between organisms or species, in which the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of another.
____
An interaction between two or more species, where species derive a mutual benefit, for example an increased carrying capacity.
Question 4
1 / 1 point
Which one of the following statements is FALSE? Spatial scale can be decreased to microhabitats (point diversity) or increased to include multiple woodlots in a township at a broader landscape scale (gamma diversity). The number of species within local woodlot local scale is called alpha diversity. Physiognomy refers to the least dominant vegetation in a forest. The physical traits of shade tolerant plants may include broad, thin leaves and high levels of foliar nutrients. Communities in early succession will be dominated by fast-growing, welldispersed species. 1.
Indicate whether each of the statements below is True or False (Enter 1 for True and 2 for False).
____
____
Adaptation is a characteristic that enhances the surv (especially ancestral) character states.
____
Genetic drift is the main source of new variation on
____
Mutation (the origin of new genetic variation), genet bottlenecks), and gene flow (movement of genes am
____
Adaptation is the change undergone by an individua that do not reproduce sexually, it is necessary to use
2. Which one of the following statements about natural selection is TRUE?
Natural selection does not change the proportion of ex
Natural selection occurs because of differences amon
Natural selection is nonrandom differences in surviva characteristics.
The goal of natural selection is to eliminate the weake Natural selection can only occur if individual organism
3.
Match each term with the appropriate description.
____
The proportional representation of a phenotype, gen
____
Alternate (i.e., different and mutually exclusive) form
____
The set of genes possessed by an organism.
____
For sexual species, a group of interbreeding individu
____
The physical expression of the genotype (in combin
4.
Indicate whether each of the statements below is
True or False (Enter 1 for True and 2 for False).
____
Gene flow is the movement of genes from one popu
____
More species exist now than have existed in the pas
____
There are many kinds of barriers that can block gen
____
Ecological specializations such as eating different fo
____
The net effect of the gene flow process is to cause t mix.
5. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
6.
Match each term with the appropriate description.
Replacement of a previously common type of organ Mass extinction occurring currently. Tissue that forms the shell in mussels. A shift in function or taking on a new function. Loss of a species in a portion of its former range.
Order the following levels in the hierarchy from broadest level (1) to the most specific (8).
____
Order
____
Genus
____
Family
____
Phylum
____
Kingdom
____
Class
____
Domain
____
Species
7. Match the field observations recorded by a biologist with the term that best describes the observation.
At site 1 we found the following mussels: paper pondshell, mucket, snuffbox, fat mucket, and black sand 1. At site 2 we found only paper pondshells.
At site 1, of the 4 creek heel splitters, #1 had 5 doublelooped ridges, #2 had 7 doublelooped ridges, #3 2. looped ridges and #4 had 8 doublelooped ridges. 3. At site 1 we found 40 creek heelsplitters, but at site 2 we only found 2 creek heelsplitters 4. At site 1 various mussel species all share a similar bivalve shape, but the size varied from 5150 mm.
8. Match each definition with the correct term. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
A measure of the number of species in a taxonomic A level in the hierarchical classification system used A measure of how physically different two species a The presence of similar traits in two species who inh Different morphological traits produced by the same
9. Match the term with the correct definition.
____
development
____
members of same species
____
variation between male and female
____
number of species
10. Which of the following statements about zebra mussels are True or False? Enter 1 for True, 2 for False.
____
The zebra mussel is native to the Great Lakes wate
____
The invasive quagga mussel (Dreissena rostrifo
____
Zebra mussels are filter feeders and as a conseque
____
The economic damage by zebra mussels have alrea
____
The zebra mussel was first reported in western Euro
11. Match the term with the definition. ____
Glochidia
____
Dioecious
____
Unionidae
____ ___
1. 2.
Lure
3.
Marsupium
5.
4.
12. Place the following life stages in order from youngest (1) to oldest (5). ____
glochidium in host gill
____
adult
____
juvenile mussel
____
glochidium in marsupium
____
embryo
13. Choose the correct definition: Obligate parasitism...
is the term applied to organisms that may or may not p
refers to the process where males release their sperm
is found in all invertebrates during some phase of their
means that an organism must parasitize a host at som
14. Which of the following statements about scientific papers are True or False? (Enter 1 for True, 2 for False) ____
Once published, a scientific paper is accepted by th
____
Peerreviewed scientific publications are also known
____
All scientific manuscripts submitted by authors to a j
____
Peerreviewed journal articles can be found through and Web of Science.
____
Peer review means that a scientific manuscript was and provided critical comments about the study. accepting the paper for publication.
