References AWS

References This reference list contains both references originally cited in the book and additional references cited for the first time in the online material. References cited only in the book are not listed again here. Adolphs, S. (2005). ‘I don’t think I should learn all this – A longitudinal view of attitudes towards “native speaker” English.’ In C. Gnutzmann and F. Intemann (eds), The Globalisation of English and the English Language Classroom (pp. 115–27). Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag. Ali, S. (2009). ‘Teaching English as an international language (EIL) in the Gulf Corporation Council [sic] (GCC) countries: the brown man’s burden.’ In F. Sharifian (ed.), English as an International Language: Perspectives and Pedagogical Issues (pp. 34–57). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Alptekin, C. (2012). ‘Understanding English as a lingua franca.’ ELT Journal, 66(2), pp. 248–251. Alsagoff, L., McKay, S. L., Hu, G. and Renandya, W. A. (eds). (2012). Principles and Practices of Teaching English as an International Language. Bristol: Routledge. Amin, N. (1999). ‘Minority Women Teachers of ESL: Negotiating White English.’ In G. Braine (ed.), Non-native Educators in English Language Teaching (pp. 77–92). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Ammon, U. (2003). ‘Global English and the non-native speaker: overcoming disadvantage.’ In H. Tonkin and T. G. Reagan (eds), Language in the Twenty-first Century (pp. 23–34). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Árva, V. and Medgyes, P. (2000). ‘Native and non-native teachers in the classroom.’ System, 28(3), pp. 355–72. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0346–251X(00)00017–18 Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G. and Tiffin, H. (1989). The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Postcolonial Literatures. London: Routledge. Baker, W. (2012). ‘From cultural awareness to intercultural awareness: culture in ELT.’ ELT Journal, 66(1), pp. 62–70 doi:10.1093/elt/ccr017 Ball, P. and Lindsay, D. (2013). ‘Language demands and support for English-medium instruction in tertiary education.’ In A. Doiz, D. Lasagabaster and J. M. Sierra (eds), English-medium Instruction at Universities: Global Challenges (pp. 44–64). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Bamgbose, A. (1998). ‘Torn between the norms?: innovations in world Englishes.’ World Englishes, 17(1), pp. 1–14. doi:10.1111/1467–1971X.00078 Barker, D. (2010) An A–Z of Common English Errors for Japanese Learners (English edition). BTB Press. Barratt, L. and Kontra, E. H. (2000). ‘Native-English-speaking teachers in cultures other than their own.’ TESOL Journal, 9(3), pp. 19–23. doi:10.1002/j.1949– 3533.2000.tb00263.x Baugh, A. C. and Cable, T. (2002). A History of the English Language. Oxon.: Routledge. Bayard, D., Weatherall, A., Gallois, C. and Pittam, J. (2001). ‘Pax Americana? Accent attitudinal evaluations in New Zealand, Australia and America.’ Journal of Sociolinguistics, 5(1), pp. 22–49. doi:10.1111/1467–9481.00136 Beal, J. (2010). An Introduction to Regional Englishes: Dialect Variation in England. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Benke, E. and Medgyes, P. (2005). ‘Differences in teaching behaviour between native and non-native speaker teachers: as seen by the learners.’ In E. Llurda (ed.), NonNative Language Teachers. Perceptions, Challenges and Contributions to the Profession (vol. 5, pp. 195–215). New York: Springer US. doi:10.1007/0-387-245650_11 Berry, C. and Taylor, J. (2013). ‘Internationalization in higher education in Latin America: policies and practice in Colombia and Mexico.’ Higher Education, 67(5), pp. 585–601. doi:10.1007/s10734-013-9667-z Bjørge, A. K. (2012). ‘Expressing disagreement in ELF business negotiations: theory and practice.’ Applied Linguistics, 33(4), pp. 406–27. doi:10.1093/applin/ams015 Blake, R. (2008). ‘Bajan: phonology.’ In E. W. Schneider (ed.), Varieties of English 2: The Americas and the Caribbean (pp. 312–19). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Block, D. (2012). ‘Economising globalisation and identity in applied linguistics in neoliberal times.’ In D. Block, J. Gray and M. Holborow (eds), Neoliberalism and Applied Linguistics (pp. 56–85). London: Routledge. Blommaert, J. M. E. (2010). The Sociolinguistics of Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Böhringer, H. (2007). The Sound of Silence: Silent and Filled Pauses in English as a Lingua Franca Business Interaction. Unpublished MA thesis: University of Vienna. Braier, R. (2013, August). ‘Jafaican it? No we’re not.’ The Guardian. London. Retrieved 5 April 2015 from www.theguardian.com/media/mind-yourlanguage/2013/aug/30/mind-your-language-jafaican Braine, G. (2005). ‘A history of research on non-native speaker English teachers.’ In E. Llurda (ed.), Non-Native Language Teachers: Perceptions, Challenges and Contributions to the Profession (pp. 13–23). New York: Springer. — (2010). Non-native Speaker English Teachers: Research, Pedagogy, and Professional Growth. New York: Routledge. Brenn-White, P. M. and Faethe, E. (2013). English-Taught Master’s Programs in Europe?: A 2013 Update (pp. 1–12). New York: Institute of International Education (IIE). British Council. (2014). ‘Frequently asked questions, the English Language.’ Retrieved 5 September 2014 from www.britishcouncil.org/learning-faq-the-english-language.htm Brumfit, C. (2001). Individual Freedom and Language Teaching: Helping Learners to Develop a Dialect of their Own. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bruthiaux, P. (2003). ‘Squaring the circles: issues in modeling English worldwide.’ International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 13(2), pp. 159–78. doi:10.1111/1473– 4192.00042 Butler, Y. G. (2007). ‘How are nonnative-English-speaking teachers perceived by young learners?’ TESOL Quarterly, 41(4), pp. 731–55. Canagarajah, A. S. (1999a). ‘Interrogating the “native speaker fallacy”: non-linguistics roots, non-pedagogical results.’ In G. Braine (ed.), Non-native Educators in English Language Teaching (pp. 77–92). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. — (1999b). Resisting Linguistic Imperialism in English Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. — (2005). ‘Introduction.’ In A. S. Canagarajah (ed.), Reclaiming the Local in Language Policy and Practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. — (2007). ‘Lingua franca English, multilingual communities, and language acquisition.’ The Modern Language Journal, 91, pp. 923–39. doi:10.1111/j.1540– 4781.2007.00678.x

— (2013). Translingual Practice: Global Englishes and Cosmopolitan Relations (p. 216). London: Routledge. Carey, R. (2010). ‘Hard to ignore: English native speakers in ELF research.’ Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 6, pp. 88–101. Cargile, A. C., Takai, J. and Rodríguez, J. I. (2006). ‘Attitudes Toward African–American Vernacular English: A US Export to Japan?’ Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 27(6), pp. 443–56. doi:10.2167/jmmd472.1 Cargile, A. C., Giles, H., Ryan, E. B. and Bradac, J. (1994). ‘Language attitudes as a social process: a conceptual model and new directions.’ Language and Communication, 14, pp. 211–36. Carter, R. and McCarthy, M. (2006). Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Caxton, W. H. (1490). Boke of Eneydos [Prologue of the Aeneid]. Westminster: William Caxton. Chiba, R., Matsuura, H. and Yamamoto, A. (1995) ‘Japanese attitudes toward English accents.’ World Englishes, 14(1), pp. 77–86. Childs, B. and Wolfram, W. (2008). ‘Bahamian English: phonology.’ In E. W. Schneider (ed.), Varieties of English 2: The Americas and the Caribbean (pp. 239–55). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Cogo, A. (2009). ‘Accommodating difference in ELF conversations: a study of pragmatic strategies.’ In A. Mauranen and E. Ranta (eds), English as a Lingua Franca: Studies and Findings (pp. 254–73). Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars. — (2011). ‘English as a Lingua Franca: concepts, use, and implications.’ ELT Journal, 66(1), pp. 97–105. doi:10.1093/elt/ccr069 — (2012a). ‘ELF and super-diversity: a case study of ELF multilingual practices from a business context.’ Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 1(2), pp. 287–313. doi:10.1515/jelf-2012-0020 — (2012b). ‘English as a lingua franca: concepts, use, and implications.’ ELT Journal, 66(1), pp. 97–105. doi:10.1093/elt/ccr069 Cogo, A. and Dewey, M. (2006). ‘Efficiency in ELF communication: From pragmatic motives to lexico-grammatical innovation.’ Nordic Journal of English Studies, 5(2), pp. 59–93. — (2012). Analysing English as a Lingua Franca: A Corpus-driven Investigation. London: Continuum. Cook, V. (1999). ‘Going Beyond the Native Speaker in Language Teaching.’ TESOL Quarterly, 33(2), pp. 185–209. doi:10.2307/3587717 — (2005). ‘Basing teaching on the L2 user.’ In E. Llurda (ed.), Non-Native Language Teachers SE – 4 (vol. 5, pp. 47–61). New York: Springer US. doi:10.1007/0-387-245650_4 Cowie, C. (2007). ‘The accents of outsourcing: the meanings of “neutral” in the Indian call centre industry.’ World Englishes, 26(3), pp. 316–30. doi:10.1111/j.1467– 1971X.2007.00511.x Crystal, D. (1995). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. — (1997). English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. — (2003). English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. — (2006). ‘Into the 21st century.’ In L. Mugglestone (ed.), The Oxford History of English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

— (2008). ‘Two thousand million?’ English Today, 24(01), pp. 3–6. D’Souza, J. (1999). ‘Afterword.’ World Englishes, 18(2), pp. 271–74. doi:10.1111/1467– 1971X.00139 Dalton-Puffer, C., Kaltenboeck, G. and Smit, U. (1997). ‘Learner attitudes and L2 pronunciation in Austria.’ World Englishes, 16(1), pp. 115–28. doi:10.1111/1467– 1971X.00052 Davies, A. (1991). The Native Speaker in Applied Linguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. — (2003). The Native Speaker Myth and Reality. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. De Swaan, A. (2001). Words of the World: The Global Language System. Malden, MA: Polity Press. — (2010). ‘Language systems.’ In N. Coupland (ed.), The Handbook of Language and Globalization (pp. 56–76). Malden, MA: Blackwell. Decke-Cornhill, H. (2003).’We would have to invent the language we are supposed to teach.’ Retrieved 7 April 2015 from www.ew.uni-hamburg.de/files/files-l/linguafranca-pdf.pdf Derwing, T. M., Rossiter, M. J. and Munro, M. J. (2002). ‘Teaching native speakers to listen to foreign-accented speech.’ Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 23(4), pp. 245–59. doi:10.1080/01434630208666468 Devonish, H. and Harry, O. G. (2008). ‘Jamaican Creole and Jamaican English: phonology.’ In E. W. Schneider (ed.), Varieties of English 2: The Americas and the Caribbean (pp. 256–89). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Dewey, M. (2012). ‘Towards a post-normative approach: learning the pedagogy of ELF.’ Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 1(1), pp. 141–70. doi:10.1515/jelf-2012-0007 Dogancay-Aktuna, S. and Hardman, J. (2008). Global English Teaching and Teacher Education. Virginia: Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages. Dorian, N. (1998). ‘Western language ideologies and small-language prospects.’ In L. A. Grenoble and L. J. Whaley (eds), Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response (pp. 3–26). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dörnyei, Z. (2003). Questionnaires in Second Language Research: Construction, Administration, and Processing. Lawrence Erlbaum: New Jersey. — (2007) Questionnaire Surveys in Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, pp. 101–115. Oxford: Oxford University Press. — (2009). ‘Motivation, language identity and the L2 self.’ In Z. Dörnyei and E. Ushioda (eds), Motivation, Language Identity and the L2 Self (pp. 9–42). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Dörnyei, Z., Csizér, K. and Németh, N. (2006) Motivation, Language Attitudes and Globalisation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Education Counts (2014). ‘Ministry of Education – education counts.’ Ministry of Education. Retrieved 17 January 2014, from www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/91416/maori-medium-andenglishmedium/5851 ELCat (Catalogue of Endangered Languages). (2014). ‘Endangered languages.’ Retrieved from www.endangeredlanguages.com/ Ehrenreich, S. (2010). ‘English as a business lingua franca in a German multinational corporation: meeting the challenge.’ Journal of Business Communication, 47(4), pp. 408–31. doi:10.1177/0021943610377303 Ferguson, G. (2006). Language Planning and Education. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Firth, A. (1996). ‘The discursive accomplishment of normality: On “lingua franca” English and conversation analysis.’ Journal of Pragmatics, 26(2), pp. 237–59. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378–2166(96)00014–18 Firth, A. and Wagner, J. (1997). ‘On discourse, communication, and (some) fundamental concepts in SLA research.’ The Modern Language Journal, 81(3), pp. 285–300. doi:10.1111/j.1540–4781.1997.tb05480.x Forbes-Mewett, H. and Nyland, C. (2012). ‘Funding international student support services: tension and power in the university.’ Higher Education, 65(2), 181–92. doi:10.1007/s10734-012-9537-0 Friedrich, P. (2012). ‘ELF, intercultural communication and the strategic aspect of communicative competence.’ In A. Matsuda (ed.), Principles and Practices for Teaching English as an International Language (pp. 44–54). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Friginal, E. (2007). ‘Outsourced call centers and English in the Philippines.’ World Englishes, 26(3), pp. 331–41. doi:10.1111/j.1467–1971X.2007.00512.x Galloway, N. (2011). An Investigation of Japanese Students’ Attitudes towards English. PhD dissertation. University of Southampton. — (2013). ‘Global Englishes and English Language Teaching (ELT) – Bridging the gap between theory and practice in a Japanese context.’ System, 41(3), pp. 786–803. doi:10.1016/j.system.2013.07.019 Galloway, N. and Rose, H. (2013). ‘“They envision going to New York, not Jakarta”: the differing attitudes toward ELF of students, teaching assistants, and instructors in an English-medium business program in Japan.’ Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 2(2), pp. 229–53. doi:10.1515/jelf-2013-0014 — (2014). ‘Using listening journals to raise awareness of Global Englishes in ELT.’ ELT Journal, 68(4), pp. 386–96. Retrieved 12 September 2014 from http://eltj.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/05/26/elt.ccu021.abstract — (2015). Introducing Global Englishes. Oxon., UK: Routledge. Gao, X. (2012). The study of English in China as a patriotic enterprise.’ World Englishes, 31(3), pp. 351–65. doi:10.1111/j.1467-971X.2012.01762.x Gargesh, R. (2006). ‘South Asian Englishes.’ In B. Kachru, Y. Kachru and C. L. Nelson (eds), The Handbook of World Englishes. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Garrett, P. (2010). Attitudes to Language: Key Topics in Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Golombek, P. and Jordan, S. R. (2005). ‘Becoming “black lambs” not “parrots”: a poststructuralist orientation to intelligibility and identity.’ TESOL Quarterly, 39(3), pp. 513–33. Görlach, M. (2002). Still more Englishes. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Graddol, D. (1997). The Future of English? A Guide to Forecasting the Popularity of the English Language in the 21st Century. London: British Council. — (2006). English Next. London: British Council. Gramley, S. (2012). The History of English: An Introduction. London: Routledge. Grau, M. (2005). ‘English as a global language: what do future teachers have to say?’ In C. Gnutzmann and F. Intemann (eds), The Globalisation of English and the English Language Classroom (pp. 261–74). Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag. Grenoble, L. A. and Whaley, L. J. (1998). ‘Preface.’ In L. A. Grenoble and L. J. Whaley (eds), Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response (pp. vii–xvi). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hale, K. (1998). ‘On endangered languages and the importance of linguistic diversity.’ In L. A. Grenoble and L. J. Whaley (eds), Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response (pp. 192–216). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hisama, T. (1995). Sayonnara Nihonin-Eigo [Farewell to Japanese English]. Tokyo: Taishukan. Hogg, R. and Denison, D. (2006). ‘Overview.’ In R. Hogg and D. Denison (eds), A History of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Holliday, A. (2005). The Struggle to Teach English as an International Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press. — (2009). ‘English as a lingua franca: “non-native speakers” and cosmopolitan realities.’ In F. Sharifian (ed.), English as an International Language: Perspectives and Pedagogical Issues (pp. 21–33). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Honna, N. (2003). Sekai no Eigo wo aruku [Walking through World Englishes]. Tokyo: Shueisha. House, J. (1999). ‘Misunderstanding in intercultural communication: interactions in English as lingua franca and the myth of mutual intelligibility.’ In C. Gnutzmann (ed.), Teaching and Learning English as a Global Language: Native and Non-native Perspectives (pp. 73–89). Tübingen: Stauffenburg. — (2012). ‘Teaching oral skills in English as a lingua franca.’ In L. Alsagoff, S. L. McKay, G. Hu and W. A. Renandya (eds), Principles and Practices for Teaching English as an International Language. New York: Routledge. Hughes, A., Trudgill, P. and Watt, D. (2012). English Accents and Dialects: An Introduction to Social and Regional Varieties of English in the British Isles. New York: Routledge. Huygens, I. and Vaughan, G. (1983). ‘Language attitudes, ethnicity and social class in New Zealand.’ Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 4(2–3), pp. 207–23. Inbar-Lourie, O. (2005) ‘Mind the Gap: Self and Perceived Native Speaker Identities of EFL Teachers.’ In E. Llurda (ed). Non-native Language Teachers (pp. 265–81). New York: Springer. Ingvarsdóttir, H. and Arnbjörnsdóttir, B. (2013). ‘ELF and academic writing: a perspective from the Expanding Circle.’ Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 2(1), pp. 123–45. doi:10.1515/jelf-2013-0006 Ismail, M. (2012, 14 February). ‘Five tips for learning to speak English like an American.’ The Seattle Globalist. Retrieved 5 September 2014 from www.seattleglobalist.com/2012/02/14/five-tips-forlearning-to-speak-english-like-anamerican/1185 James, W. and Youssef, V. (2008). ‘The creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: morphology and syntax.’ In E. W. Schneider (ed.), Varieties of English 2: The Americas and the Caribbean (pp. 661–92). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Jenkins, J. (2000). The Phonology of English as an International Language: New Models, New Norms, New Goals. Oxford: Oxford University Press. — (2006). ‘Points of view and blind spots: ELF and SLA.’ International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 16(2), pp. 137–62. — (2007). English as a Lingua Franca: Attitude and Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. — (2009b). World Englishes: A Resource Book for Students (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. — (2011). ‘Accommodating (to) ELF in the international university.’ Journal of Pragmatics, 43(4), pp. 926–36. doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2010.05.011

— (2012). ‘English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the classroom.’ ELT Journal, 66(4), pp. 486–94. doi:10.1093/elt/ccs040 — (2013). English as a Lingua Franca in the International University: The Politics of Academic English Language Policy. Abingdon: Routledge. Jenkins, J., Cogo, A. and Dewey, M. (2011). ‘Review of developments in research into English as a lingua franca.’ Language Teaching, 44(03), pp. 281–315. doi:10.1017/S0261444811000115 Kachru, B. B. (1985). ‘Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: the English language in the outer circle.’ In R. Quirk and H. Widdowson (eds), English in the World: Teaching and Learning the Language and Literatures (pp. 11–30). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. — (1986). ‘The power and politics of English.’ World Englishes, 5(2–3), pp. 121–40. doi:10.1111/j.1467–1971X.1986.tb00720.x — (1991). ‘Liberation linguistics and the Quirk concern.’ English Today, 7(01), pp. 3–13. doi:10.1017/S026607840000523X — (1992b). ‘World Englishes: Approaches, Issues and Resources.’ Language Teaching, 25, pp. 1–14. Kachru, B. B., Kachru, Y. and Nelson, C. L. (2006). The Handbook of World Englishes. Chichester: Blackwell. Kachru, Y. and Nelson, C. L. (2006). World Englishes in Asian Contexts. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Kachru, Y. and Smith, L. (2008). Cultures, Contexts, and World Englishes. London: Routledge. Kamwangamalu, N. (2001). ‘Linguistic and cultural reincarnations of English: a case from Southern Africa.’ In E. Thumboo (ed.), The Three Circles of English: Language Specialists Talk about the English Language (pp. 45–66). Singapore: UniPress. Kankaanranta, A. and Planken, B. (2010). ‘BELF competence as business knowledge of internationally operating business professionals.’ Journal of Business Communication, 47(4), pp. 380–407. doi:10.1177/0021943610377301 Kaur, J. (2009). ‘Pre-empting problems of understanding in English as a lingua franca.’ In A. Mauranen and E. Ranta (eds), English as a Lingua Franca: Studies and Findings (pp. 107–23). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars. Kelch, K. and Santana-Williamson, E. (2002). ‘ESL students’ attitudes toward native- and nonnativespeaking instructors’ accents.’ The CATESOL Journal, 14(1), pp. 57–72. Kim, H. and Elder, C. (2009). ‘Understanding aviation English as a lingua franca.’ Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 32(3), pp. 23.1–23.17. doi:10.2104/aral0923 Kirkpatrick, A. (2007). World Englishes: Implications for International Communication and English Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. — (2008). ‘English as the official working language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Features and strategies.’ English Today, (94), pp. 27–34. — (2009). Learning English and Other Languages in Multilingual Settings: Myths and Principles. Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Institute of Education. — (2010a). English as a Lingua Franca in ASEAN: A Multilingual Model. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. — (2010b). The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes. London: Routledge. — (2011). ‘English as an Asian lingua franca and the multilingual model of ELT.’ Language Teaching, 44(2), pp. 212–24.

— (2012). ‘English as an Asian lingua franca: the “lingua franca approach” and implications for language education policy.’ Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 1(1), pp. 121–39. doi:10.1515/jelf-2012-0006 Kirkpatrick, A. and Xu, Z. (2002). ‘Chinese pragmatic norms and “China English.”’ World Englishes, 21(2), pp. 269–79. doi:10.1111/1467–1971X.00247 Kobayashi, K. (1998). Nihonjin-Eigo no Yoku Aru Machigai 101 [Common Mistakes of Japanese English Speakers].Tokyo: Nova. Kortmann, B. (2008). ‘Synopsis: morphological and syntactic variation in the British Isles.’ In B. Kortmann and C. Upton (eds), Varieties of English 1: The British Isles (pp. 478– 95). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Kretzschmar, W. A. (2010). ‘The development of Standard American English.’ In A. Kirkpatrick (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes (pp. 96–112). London: Routledge. Kubota, R. (2001). ‘Teaching world Englishes to native speakers of English in the USA.’ World Englishes, 20(1), pp. 47–64. doi:10.1111/1467–1971X.00195 — (2012). ‘The politics of EIL: toward Border-crossing Communication in and beyond English.’ In A. Matsuda (ed.), Principle and Practices of Teaching English as an International Language (pp. 55–69). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Kuiper, L. (2005). ‘Perception is reality: Parisian and Provencal perceptions of regional varieties of French.’ Journal of Sociolinguistics, 9(1), pp. 28–52. Kumaravadivelu, B. (2012). ‘Individual identity, cultural globalization and teaching English as an international language: the case for an epistemic break.’ In L. Alsagoff, S. L. McKay, G. Hu and W. A. Renandya (eds), Teaching English as an International Language: Principles and Practices (pp. 9–27). New York: Routledge. Kuo, I.-C. (Vicky). (2006). ‘Addressing the issue of teaching English as a lingua franca.’ ELT Journal, 60(3), pp. 213–21. doi:10.1093/elt/ccl001 Ladegaard, H. J. and Sachdev, I. (2006). ‘“I like the Americans … but I certainly don’t aim for an American accent”: language attitudes, vitality and foreign language learning in Denmark.’ Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 27(2), pp. 91–108. doi:10.1080/01434630608668542 Lambert, W. E., Hodgson, R. C., Gardner, R. C. and Fillenbaum, S. (1960). ‘Evaluational reactions to spoken languages.’ The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60(1), pp. 44–51. doi:10.1037/h0044430 Landry, R. and Bourhis, R. Y. (1997). ‘Linguistic landscape and ethnolinguistic vitality: An empirical study.’ Journal of Language and Social Psychology, (16), pp. 23–49. Larsen-Freeman, D. and Cameron, L. (2008). Complex Systems and Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lasagabaster, D. and Sierra, J. (2005). ‘What do students think about the pros and cons of having a native speaker teacher?’ In E. Llurda (ed.), Non-Native Language Teachers SE – 12 (vol. 5, pp. 217–41). New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/0-387-24565-0_12 Lave, J. and Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Leung, C. and Street, B. V. (2012). ‘Linking EIL and literacy: theory and practice.’ In L. Alsagoff, S. L. McKay, G. Hu and W. A. Renandya (eds), Principles and Practices for Teaching English as an International Language (pp. 85–103). New York: Routledge. Levey, S. (2010). ‘The Englishes of Canada.’ In A. Kirkpatrick (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes (pp. 113–31). London: Routledge.

Lichtkoppler, J. (2007). ‘“Male. Male.” – “Male?” – “The sex is male.” The role of repetition in English as a lingua franca conversations.’ Vienna English Working Papers, 16(1), pp. 39–65. Louhiala-Salminen, L. (2002a). ‘Communication and language use in merged corporations: cases Stora Enso and Nordea.’ Helsinki School of Economics Working Papers W-330. Louhiala-Salminen, L. and Rogerson-Revell, P. (2010). ‘Language matters: an introduction.’ Journal of Business Communication, 47(2), pp. 91–6. doi:10.1177/0021943610364510 Louhiala-Salminen, L., Charles, M. and Kankaanranta, A. (2005). ‘English as a lingua franca in Nordic corporate mergers: two case companies.’ English for Specific Purposes, 24(4), pp. 401–21. doi:http://dx. doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2005.02.003 McArthur, T. (1987). ‘The English languages?’ English Today, 11, pp. 9–11. — (1998). The English Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. — (2002). The Oxford Guide to World English. Oxford: Oxford University Press. — (2003). ‘World English, Euro-Englush, Nordic English.’ English Today, 19(1), pp. 54–58. McCrum, R., Cran, W. and MacNeil, R. (1992). The Story of English. London: Penguin Books. McIntyre, D. (2009). A History of English: A Resource Book for Students. London: Routledge. McKay, S. L. (2002). Teaching English as an International Language: Rethinking Goals and Approaches. Oxford: Oxford University Press. — (2012). ‘Teaching materials for English as an international language.’ In A. Matsuda (ed.), Principles and Practices of Teaching English as an International Language (pp. 70–83). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. McKenzie, R. M. (2008a). ‘Social factors and non-native attitudes towards varieties of spoken English: a Japanese case study.’ International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 18(1), pp. 63–88. doi:10.1111/j.1473–4192.2008.00179.xReferences 271 — (2008b). ‘The role of variety recognition in Japanese university students’ attitudes towards English speech varieties.’ Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 29(2), pp. 139–53. doi:10.2167/jmmd565.0 McNamara, T. (2012). ‘English as a lingua franca: the challenge for language testing.’ Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 1(1), pp. 199–202. doi:10.1515/jelf-2012-0013 Mahboob, A. (2004). ‘Native or nonnative: what do students enrolled in an intensive English program think?’ In L. D. Kamhi-Stein (ed.), Learning and Teaching from Experience: Perspectives on Nonnative English-speaking Professionals (pp. 121–48). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Matsuda, A. (2003). ‘The ownership of English in Japanese secondary schools.’ World Englishes, 22(4), pp. 483–96. doi:10.1111/j.1467–1971X.2003.00314.x — (2012). ‘Teaching materials in EIL.’ In L. Alsagoff, S. L. Mckay, G. Hu and W. A. Renandya (eds), Principles and Practices for Teaching English as an International Language. New York: Routledge. Matsuda, A. and Friedrich, P. (2012). ‘Selecting an instructional variety for an EIL curriculum.’ In A. Matsuda (ed.), Principles and Practices of Teaching English as an International Language (pp. 17–27). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Matsuura, H., Fujieda, M. and Mahoney, S. (2004). ‘The officialization of English and ELT in Japan: 2000.’ World Englishes, 23(3), pp. 471–87. doi:10.1111/j.0883– 2919.2004.00369.x

Mauranen, A. (2006). ‘Signaling and preventing misunderstanding in English as lingua franca communication.’ International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2006(177), pp. 123–50. doi:10.1515/IJSL.2006.008 — (2007). ‘Hybrido voices: English as the lingua franca of academics.’ In Kjersti Flottum (ed.), Language and Discipline Perspectives on Academic Discourse (pp. 243–59). Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. — (2012). Exploring ELF: Academic English Shaped by Non-native Speakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Medgyes, P. (1992). ‘Native or non-native: who’s worth more?’ ELT Journal, 46(4), pp. 340–49. doi:10.1093/elt/46.4.340 — (1994). The Non-native Teacher. London: Macmillan. Melchers, G. and Shaw, P. (2011). World Englishes (The English Language Series) (2nd ed.). London: Hodder Education. Mesthrie, R. and Bhatt, R. M. (2008). World Englishes: The Study of New Linguistic Varieties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mey, J. (1981). ‘“Right or wrong, my native speaker:” Estant les régestes du noble souverain de l’empirie linguistic avec un renvoy au mesme roy.’ In J. Coulmas (ed.), A Festschrift for Native Speaker (pp. 69–84). The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton. Milroy, J. (2007). ‘The ideology of the standard language.’ In C. Llamas, L. Mullany and P. Stockwell (eds), The Routledge Companion to Sociolinguistics (pp. 133–39). New York, NY: Routledge. Milroy, J. and Milroy, L. (1999). Authority in Language: Investigating Standard English. London: Routledge. Mithun, M. (1998). ‘The significance of diversity in language endangerment and preservation.’ In L. A. Grenoble and L. J. Whaley (eds), Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response (pp. 163–91). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Modiano, M. (1999a). ‘International English in the global village.’ English Today, 15(2), pp. 22–34. — (1999b). ‘Standard English(es) and educational practices for the world’s lingua franca.’ English Today, 15(4), pp. 3–13. — (2006). ‘Euro-Englishes.’ In B. B. Kachru, Y. Kachru and C. L. Nelson (eds), The Handbook of World Englishes (pp. 223–39). Malden, MA: Blackwell. — (2009). ‘Inclusive/exclusive? English as a lingua franca in the European Union.’ World Englishes, 28(2), pp. 208–23. doi:10.1111/j.1467–1971X.2009.01584.x Mollin, S. (2006). Euro-English: Assessing Variety Status. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag. Montgomery, S. L. (2013). Does Science Need a Global Language? English and the Future of Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Moore, B. (2007). ‘Towards a history of the Australian accent.’ In J. Damousi and D. Deacon (eds), Talking and Listening in the Age of Modernity: Essays on the history of sound. Canberra: Australian National University Press. Morrow, P. R. (2004). ‘English in Japan: the world Englishes perspective.’ JALT Journal, 26(1), pp. 79–100. Moussu, L. (2006) ‘Native and Nonnative English Speaking English as a Second Language Teachers: Student Attitudes, Teacher Self Perceptions, and Intensive English Program Administrator Beliefs and Practices.’ Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Purdue University. Mufwene, S. S. (2001). The Ecology of Language Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

—(2002). ‘Colonization, globalization, and the future of languages in the twenty-first century.’ International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 4(2), pp. 162–93. Mukherjee, J. 2010. ‘The development of the English language in India.’ In A. Kirkpatrick (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes (pp. 167–80). London: Routledge. Munn, P. and Drever, E. (1999). Using Questionnaires in Small-scale Research: A Teachers’ Guide. Scottish Council for Research in Education: Edinburgh. Murray, H. (2003). ‘Swiss English teachers and Euro-English: attitudes to a non-native variety.’ Bulletin Suisse de Linguistique Appliqué, 77, pp. 147–65. Nickerson, C. (2005). ‘English as a lingua franca in international business contexts.’ English for Specific Purposes, 24(4), pp. 367–80. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2005.02.001 Omoniyi, T. (2006). ‘West African Englishes’. In B. B. Kachru, Y. Kachru and C. L. Nelson, The Handbook of World Englishes. Chichester: Blackwell. O’Regan, J. P. (2014). ‘English as a lingua franca: an immanent critique.’ Applied Linguistics, (2011), pp. 1–21. doi:10.1093/applin/amt045 Pacek, D. (2005). ‘“Personality not nationality”: foreign students’ perceptions of a nonnative speaker lecturer of English at a British university.’ In E. Llurda (ed.), Non-Native Language Teachers: Perceptions, Challenges, and Contributions to the Profession, vol. 5 (pp. 243–62). Springer. doi:10.1007/0-387-24565-0_13 Paikeday, T. M. (1985). The Native Speaker is Dead!: An Informal Discussion of a Linguistic Myth with Noam Chomsky and other Linguists, Philosophers, Psychologists, and Lexicographers. Toronto and New York: Paikeday Publishing. Pang, J., Zhou X. and Fu Z. (2002). English for international trade: China enters WTO.’ World Englishes, 21(2), pp. 201–210. Park, J.-K. (2009). ‘“English fever” in South Korea: its history and symptoms.’ English Today, 25(01), pp. 50–57. doi:10.1017/S026607840900008X Park, S. J. and Abelman, N. (2004). ‘Class and cosmopolitan striving: mother’s management of English education in South Korea.’ Anthropological Quarterly, 77(4), pp. 645–72. Patrick, P. L. (2008). ‘Jamaican Creole: morphology and syntax.’ In E. W. Schneider (ed.), Varieties of English 2: The Americas and the Caribbean (pp. 609–44). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Pear, T. (1931). Voice and Personality. London: Wiley. Pennycook, A. (1994). The Cultural Politics of English as an International Language. London: Longman. — (2007). Global Englishes and Transcultural Flows. Abingdon and New York: Routledge. — (2010). ‘The future of Englishes: one, many or none?’ In A. Kirkpatrick (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes (pp. 673–87). Abingdon and New York: Routledge. Phillipson, R. (2003). English-Only Europe? Challenging Language Policy. London: Routledge. — (2008). ‘Lingua franca or lingua frankensteinia? English in European integration and globalisation.’ World Englishes, 27(2), pp. 250–67. doi:10.1111/j.1467– 1971X.2008.00555.x — (2009). ‘Disciplines of English and disciplining by English.’ The Asian EFL Journal Quarterly, 11(4), pp. 8–28. — (2012). ‘Imperialism and colonialism.’ In B. Spolsky (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy (pp. 203–35). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Pickering, L. (2009). ‘Intonation as a pragmatic resource in ELF interaction.’ Intercultural Pragmatics, 6(2), pp. 235–55. doi:10.1515/IPRG.2009.013 Pickering, L. and Litzenberg, J. (2011). ‘Intonation as a pragmatic resource, revisited.’ In A. Archibald, A. Cogo and J. Jenkins (eds), Latest Trends in ELF Research. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars. Pitzl, M.-L. (2005). ‘Non-understanding in English as a lingua franca: examples from a business context.’ Vienna English Working Papers, 14(2), pp. 50–71. Platt, J. and Weber, H. (1980). English in Singapore and Malaysia: Status, Features, Functions. Kuala Kumpur, Malaysia: Oxford University Press. Platt, J. T., Weber, H. and Lian, H. M. (1984). The New Englishes. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Poncini, G. (2002). ‘Investigating discourse at business meetings with multicultural participation.’ International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 40, pp. 345–73. doi:10.1515/iral.2002.017 — (2007). ‘Communicating within and across professional worlds in an intercultural setting.’ In G. Garzone and C. Ilie (eds), The Use of English in Institutional and Business Settings: An Intercultural Perspective (pp. 283–312). Frankfurt: Peter Lang. Prodromou, L. (1992). ‘What culture? Which culture? Cross-cultural factors in language learning.’ ELT Journal, 46(1), pp. 39–50. — (2006). ‘A Reader Responds to J. Jenkins’s “Current perspectives on teaching world Englishes and English as a lingua franca.”’ TESOL Quarterly, 41(2), pp. 409–13. Quirk, R. (1990). ‘Language varieties and standard language.’ English Today, 6(01), pp. 3– 10. doi:10.1017/S0266078400004454 — (1990). ‘Language varieties and standard language.’ English Today, 6(01), pp. 3–10. doi:10.1017/S0266078400004454 Rajagopalan, K. (2004). ‘The concept of “World English” and its implications for ELT.’ ELT Journal, 58(2), pp. 111–17. doi:10.1093/elt/58.2.111 Rampton, M. B. H. (1990). ‘Displacing the “native speaker”: expertise, affiliation, and inheritance.’ ELT Journal, 44(2), pp. 97–101. doi:10.1093/elt/44.2.97 — (1995). ‘Politics and change in research in applied linguistics.’ Applied Linguistics, 16(2), pp. 233–56. Rapatahana, V. and Bunce, P. (2012). English Language as Hydra: Its Impacts on NonEnglish Language Cultures. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Reaser, J. and Torbert, B. (2008). ‘Bahamian English: morphology and syntax.’ In E. W. Schneider (ed.), Varieties of English 2: The Americas and the Caribbean (pp. 591–608). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Reves, T. and Medgyes, P. (1994). ‘The non-native English speaking EFL/ESL teacher’s self-image: an international survey.’ System, 22(3), pp. 353–67. Rubdy, R. and Saraceni, M. (2006). English in the World: Global Rules, Global Roles. London: Continuum. Rubdy, R., Mckay, S. L., Alsagoff, L. and Bokhorst-Heng, W. D. (2008). ‘Enacting English language ownership in the Outer Circle: a study of Singaporean Indians’ orientations to English norms.’ World Englishes, 27(1), pp. 40–67. doi:10.1111/j.1467– 1971X.2008.00535.x Rubin, D. L. (1992). ‘Non-language factors affecting undergraduates’ judgments of nonnative Englishspeaking teaching assistants.’ Research in Higher Education, 33(4), pp. 511–31. Rubin, D. L. and Smith, K. A. (1990). ‘Effects of accent, ethnicity, and lecture topic on undergraduates’ perceptions of nonnative English-speaking teaching assistants.’

International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14(3), pp. 337–53. doi:10.1016/0147– 1767(90)90019-S Rubin, J. H. and Rubin, I. S. (2005). Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data. California: Sage. Samimy, K. K. and Brutt-Griffler, J. (1999). ‘Perceptions of NNS students in a graduate TESOL program.’ In G. Braine (ed.), Non-native Educators in English Language Teaching (pp. 129–46). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Saraceni, M. (2008). English as a lingua franca: between form and function. English Today, 94, 24(2), June, pp. 20–26. — (2009). ‘Relocating English: towards a new paradigm for English in the world.’ Language and Intercultural Communication, 9(3), pp. 175–86. doi:10.1080/14708470902748830 Sarnoff, I. (1970). Social Attitudes and the Resolution of Motivational Conflict. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Schneider, E. W. (2003). ‘The Dynamics of New Englishes: From Identity Construction to Dialect Birth.’ Language, 79(2), pp. 233–81. doi:10.1353/lan.2003.0136 — (2008a). ‘Introduction: varieties of English in the Americas and the Caribbean.’ In E. W. Schneider (ed.), Varieties of English 2: The Americas and the Caribbean (pp. 23–36). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter — (2011). English Around the World: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Seargeant, P. (2009). The Idea of English in Japan. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. — (2012). Exploring World Englishes: Language in a Global Context. Abingdon and New York: Routledge. Seidlhofer, B. (2001a). ‘Closing a conceptual gap: the case for a description of English as a lingua franca.’ International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(2), pp. 133–58. — (2003). Controversies in Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. — (2004). ‘Research perspectives on teaching English as a lingua franca.’ Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 24, pp. 209–39. — (2006). ‘English as a lingua franca in the expanding circle: what it isn’t.’ In R. Rubdy and M. Saraceni (eds), English in the World: Global Rules, Global Roles (pp. 40–50). London: Continuum. — (2011). Understanding English as a Lingua Franca. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Seidlhofer, B. and Widdowson, H. (2003). ‘House work and student work: a study in cross-cultural understanding.’ Zeitschrift Für Interkulturellen Fremdsprachenunterricht [online], 8(2/3). Retrieved 5 September 2014 from http://zif.spz.tu-darmstadt.de/jg-08-2-3/beitrag/Seidlhofer_Widdowson1.htm Seidlhofer, B., Breiteneder, A. and Pitzl, M. (2006). ‘English as a lingua franca in Europe: challenges for applied linguistics.’ Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 26, pp. 3–34. Selinker, L. (1972). ‘Interlanguage’. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10(3), pp. 209–31. SGEM (Speak Good English Movement). (2011). ‘About us.’ Retrieved 16 April 2014 from www.goodenglish.org.sg/site/category/movement/about-us.html Sharifian, F. (2009). ‘English as an international language: an overview.’ In F. Sharifian (ed.), English as an International Language: Perspectives and Pedagogical Issues (pp. 1–18). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Shen, W. (2008). ‘International student migration: the case of Chinese “sea-turtles”.’ In D. Epstein, R. Boden, R. Deem, R. Fazal and S. Wright (eds), World Yearbook of

Education 2008: Geographies of Knowledge, Geometries of Power: Framing the Future of Higher Education (pp. 211–32). New York: Routledge. Shim, R. J. (2002). ‘Changing attitudes toward TEWOL in Korea.’ Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 12(1), pp. 143–58. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.12.1.09shi Siegel, J. 2010. Second Dialect Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sifakis, N. C. and Sougari, A.-M. (2005). ‘Pronunciation issues and EIL pedagogy in the periphery: a survey of Greek state school teachers’ beliefs.’ TESOL Quarterly, 39(3), pp. 467–88. doi:10.2307/3588490 Singh, I. (2000). Pidgins and Creoles. London: Hodder Arnold. Singh, M. (2005). ‘Enabling transnational learning communities: policies, pedagogies and politics of educational power.’ Internationalizing Higher Education, 16, pp. 9–36. Sobkowiak, W. (2005). ‘Why not LFC?’ In K. Dziubalska-Kolaczyk and J. Przedlacka (eds), English Pronunciation Models: A Changing Scene. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Song, M.-M. and Tai, H.-H. (2007). ‘Taiwan’s responses to globalization: internationalization and questing for world-class universities.’ Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 27(3), pp. 323–40. doi:10.1080/02188790701594067 Sowden, C. (2012). ‘ELF on a mushroom: the overnight growth in English as a lingua franca.’ ELT Journal, 66(1), pp. 89–96. doi:10.1093/elt/ccr024 Spolsky, B. (2004). Language Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Starks, D. and Paltridge, B. (1994). ‘Varieties of English and the EFL classroom: a New Zealand study.’ TESOLANZ Journal, 2, pp. 69–77. Stewart, M. A., Ryan, E. B. and Giles, H. (1985). ‘Accent and social class effects on status and solidarity evaluations.’ Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 11, pp. 98–105. Strevens, P. (1980). Teaching English as an International Language. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Stuart-Smith, J. (2008). ‘Scottish English: phonology.’ In B. Kortmann and C. Upton (eds), Varieties of English 1: The British Isles (pp. 48–70). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Swan, M. (2005). Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Tada, Y. and Vogt, L. (2004). Neitiv wa Sou Iimasen! [A Native Speaker Wouldn’t Say it That Way]. Tokyo: Kenkyusha. Tardy, C. (2004). ‘The role of English in scientific communication: lingua franca or Tyrannosaurus rex?’ Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 3(3), pp. 247–69. Tollefson, J. W. (2000). ‘Policy and ideology in the spread of English.’ In J. K. Hall and W. G. Eggington (eds), The Sociopolitics of English Language Teaching (pp. 7–21). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Thayne, D. A. and Koike, N. (2008). Sono Eigo, eitibu Niwa Kou Kikoemasu [How Your English Sounds to Native Speakers]. Tokyo: Shufutotomosha. Thomas, E. R. (2008). ‘Rural Southern white accents.’ In E. W. Schneider (ed.), Varieties of English 2: The Americas and the Caribbean (pp. 87–114). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Timmis, I. (2002). ‘Native-speaker norms and international English: a classroom view.’ ELT Journal, 56(3), pp. 240–49. doi:10.1093/elt/56.3.240 Tollefson, J. (1995). Power and Inequality in Language Education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Trudgill, P. J. (1986). Dialects in Contact. Oxford: Blackwell. Trudgill, P. and Hannah, J. (2008). International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English. London: Hodder Education. Upton, C. and Widdowson, J. D. A. (1996). An Atlas of English Dialects. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

van Parijs, P. (2011). Linguistic Justice for Europe and for the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Walker, R. (2010). Teaching the Pronunciation of English as a Lingua Franca. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Widdowson, H. G. (1997). ‘EIL, ESL, EFL: global issues and local interests.’ World Englishes, 16(1), pp. 135–48. — (2003). Defining Issues in English Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. — (2012). ‘ELF and the inconvenience of established concepts.’ Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 1(1), pp. 5–26. doi:10.1515/jelf-2012-0002 Wilkinson, R. (2013). ‘English-medium instruction at a Dutch university: challenges and pitfalls.’ In A. Doiz, D. Lasagabaster and J. M. Sierra (eds), English-medium Instruction at Universities: Global Challenges (pp. 44–64). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Williamson, N. and Katsuki, R. (2005). Sono Eigo, Neitibu Dattara Kou Hanasu [A Native English Speaker Would Say it This Way]. Tokyo: PHP. Wilton, A. (2012). ‘The monster and the zombie: English as a lingua franca and the Latin analogy.’ Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, July, pp. 337–62. Winford, D. (2008). ‘English in the Caribbean.’ In H. Momma and M. Matto (eds), A Companion to the History of the English Language (pp. 413–22). Oxford: Blackwell. Yano, Y. (2001). ‘World Englishes in 2000 and beyond.’ World Englishes, 20(2), pp. 119– 30. Yoshikawa, H. (2005). ‘Recognition of world Englishes: changes in Chukyo University students’ attitudes.’ World Englishes, 24(3), pp. 351–60. doi:10.1111/j.0083– 2919.2005.00416.x