Refurbishment Waste - Wrap

Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking Report

Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

Executive Summary This project, carried out under the Construction Resources and Waste Platform (CRWP), aims to address a gap in information in the construction industry. Its focus is to address the shortage of data on waste from refurbishment projects and to produce refurbishment waste benchmarks as guidance information for both government and refurbishment project managers. In 2006, 8.1 million homes were deemed to be nondecent; 6.8 million in the private sector and 1.3 million in the social sector. Studies to determine the value of repair and maintenance works carried out in Great Britain during 2007 amounted to a total of £52,163M. Half of this was spent on housing and half on other works. This was evenly split between the public and private sectors. Refurbishment benchmarks have been generated using BRE’s established waste monitoring tool, SMARTWaste. This tool has been used by many construction contractors for both public and private sector projects over a number of years and is the most comprehensive source of data on different types of construction projects. The SMARTWaste tool was developed principally with new build construction projects in mind and as such collects data, in measurement terms, more closely aligned with these projects. The overall objective of this project is to capture an increased amount of refurbishment waste data to enable the generation of reliable benchmarks for refurbishment projects and, more latterly, to determine how the waste monitoring tool could be adapted to meet the requirements of refurbishment projects. As there are a limited number of datasets on refurbishment projects, the initial benchmarks produced include preliminary values for each type of refurbishment project as classified by the SMARTWaste system. These have been generated in line with the new build construction work Performance Indicators where waste volume or tonnage is related to 100 m2 floor area and to

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£100k project value. The functional unit for refurbishment activities are defined in a different way to new build projects and therefore it is proposed that indicators more appropriate to refurbishment projects could be produced, such as tonnes of waste per kitchen. This would provide practitioners with a more useful measure with which to compare the performance of different refurbishment projects. The following refurbishment benchmarks are included in this report: >> m3 of waste/100m2 for Commercial retail, Commercial office and Residential projects >> m3 of waste/£100k for Commercial retail, Commercial office, Education, Leisure and Residential projects >> tonnes of waste/100m2 for Commercial retail, Commercial office and Residential projects >> tonnes of waste/£100k for Commercial retail, Commercial office, Education, Leisure and Residential projects These benchmarks are a starting point for those practitioners who currently have no historical data upon which to base their waste forecasts. With increased project data, the accuracy of these benchmarks will improve. Development of SMARTWaste Plan to include a refurbishment capability will potentially generate a number of benchmarks appropriate for different types of refurbishment activities and will be aligned with the requirements of the Site Waste Management Plan Regulations. A listing of future work to enhance the capture of refurbishment waste data necessary to generate more robust performance benchmarks is included. This centres around BRE’s development of the SMARTWaste tool to include a specific refurbishment waste capability.

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Contents Introduction

02

Description of the project

04

Findings

09

Conclusion and recommendations

25

References

27

Appendix A – Waste monitoring tools SMARTStart and SMARTWaste Plan

29

Appendix B – Paper-based refurbishment waste monitoring template

32

Appendix C – Criteria used to determine which project data to include in the calculation of the refurbishment benchmarks

38

Appendix D – Refurbishment client organisations contacted

39

Refurbishment Waste benchmarking report Prepared for Name Construction Resources and Waste Platform Prepared by Name Wendy Thorpe Position Senior Consultant Approved on behalf of BRE Name Katherine Adams Position Principal Consultant

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BRE Garston WD25 9XX T + 44 (0) 1923 664000 F + 44 (0) 1923 664010 E [email protected] www.bre.co.uk This report is made on behalf of BRE. By receiving the report and acting on it, the client or any third party relying on it - accepts that no individual is personally liable in contract, tort or breach of statutory duty (including negligence).

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Introduction This project has been funded through Defra’s Business Resource Efficiency and Waste programme (BREW) which aims to deliver government strategy that is aligned with the needs of industry. It is one of a number of projects being carried out under the Construction Resources and Waste Platform (CRWP) to address a gap in information in the construction industry related to waste and resources.

Four main criteria are used to define a decent home:

It is the aim of this project to address the shortage of data on refurbishment projects and to produce refurbishment benchmarks as guidance information for both government and refurbishment project managers. This will enable the identification of key waste streams and help to inform where waste minimisation activities should be undertaken and also waste management strategies to deal with the waste arisings.

In Wales, the Welsh Housing Quality Standard (WHQS)3, introduced by the Welsh Assembly Government, is working in a similar way to Decent Homes, requiring the refurbishment and modernisation of the local authority and social housing stock.

This report is an output for Defra through AEA under contract number 14712275.

1. In a good state of repair

Key drivers for refurbishment A number of national drivers are having an influence on the refurbishment market. The main ones include:

1. It must meet the statutory minimum standard for housing 2. It needs to be in a reasonable state of repair 3. It should have reasonably modern facilities and services 4. It provides a reasonable degree of thermal comfort.

Seven main criteria are used to define the required standard. A dwelling must be:

2. Safe and secure 3. Adequately heated, fuel efficient and well insulated 4. Fitted with an up-to-date kitchen and bathroom 5. Well managed (rented housing)

1. Government policy and regulation

6. Located in attractive and safe environment

2. Environmental issues

7. As far as possible, suit the specific requirements of the household (eg specific disabilities).

Government policy and regulation The Decent Homes Standard1 is the most important policy influencing the refurbishment of homes. Homes in both the private and social housing sectors are classified by the Decent Homes Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS) and must meet statutory minimum standards to provide decent living accommodate for occupants. In 2006, 37% of all private and social sector homes were deemed to be non-decent. This amounted to 8.1 million homes; 6.8 million in the private sector and 1.3 million in the social sector.2

Planning regulations can influence whether refurbishment or new construction is undertaken. Planning permission requirements for demolition, listed buildings or other circumstances can be a difficult process and drive the decision to carry out refurbishment works. There is a significant amount of refurbishment work undertaken on building types other than housing, such as local amenities; schools and leisure facilities, offices and retail establishments.

1. Full details of the Decent Homes Standard can be found on the Communities and Local Government website www.communities.gov.uk/publications/housing/decenthome. 2. CLG website for statistics www.communities.gov.uk/housing/housingresearch/housingstatistics/livetables/ 3. Detailed guidance on the WHQS can be found at:www.new.wales.gov.uk/topics/housingandcommunity/housing/social/whqs/toolkit/objectives/wag/workable/standards/?lang=en

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In the Construction Statistic Annual 2008, it is reported that >> £3 billion (26%) of the capital expenditure of local authorities (around £12 billion) in England in 2005/2006 was spent on the conversion and renovation of educational establishments. >> Repair and Maintenance work (RMI) on housing and other works in 2007, including both public and private sectors, amounted to £52.2 billion. This was evenly split (50/50) between housing and the other works undertaken.

The latest version of BREEAM (2008) has introduced credits for materials and waste as separate headings with an increased total contribution to the credits that can be achieved. In the 2006 version, materials and waste comprised 10% of the credits. In the 2008 version, materials can contribute 12.5% and waste 7.5% of the credits, giving a potential 20% credit (a 100% increase). Meeting waste management criteria, for example, segregation and sorting of waste groups, and quantity criteria, where the generation of less waste attracts more credits, for both new build and refurbishment and fit out can achieve credits.

>> Public sector spending on RMI was £17.3 billion whilst private sector spending was £34.9 billion. >> The amount spent on all new build works, both housing and other works, in 2007 was £69.8 billion. Environmental issues Improving environmental sustainability is a major component of the sustainability agenda of which carbon emissions is a key criteria. The energy consumption of buildings makes a significant contribution to the UK’s carbon emissions and so, targets to reduce the emission levels from buildings will help achieve the Government’s UK carbon reduction target of 60% by 2050. Energy Efficient measures focussing on heating, which consumes about 60% of the energy used by households, can reduce the carbon emission from a building. EcoHomes4 for existing buildings allows existing housing to be assessed and monitored. This can be used to track improvements made by maintenance programmes and ensure that the standard required by Decent Homes is reached.

4. BREEAM and Ecohomes provide assessment methods designed to help construction professionals understand and mitigate the environmental impacts of the developments they design and build. They provide a rating for new, converted or renovated homes, and cover houses, flats and apartments balancing environmental performance with the need for a high quality of life and a safe and healthy internal environment. http://www.breeam.org/page.jsp?id=66

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Description of the project The objectives of the project were: >> To identify project partners to provide waste data from a wide range of refurbishment projects to enable the development of benchmarks for refurbishment. >> To encourage and assist property owners and contractors in using SMARTWaste Plan5 to increase the datasets it contains. >> To produce templates for collecting refurbishment waste data. >> To collate statistics on refurbishment waste for a wide range of project types. BRE’s established waste monitoring tool, SMARTWaste6, has been used by many construction contractors for both public and private sector projects over a number of years. The database contains waste data on a number of refurbishment projects (the type of project has to be specified in a data entry field when a project is registered on the system), however, there is currently insufficient data on different types of refurbishment project, for example, no healthcare building projects, and an inconsistent method of recording this information to produce robust benchmarks. In total, 14% of the 569 projects containing waste data entered onto the original SMARTWaste database were refurbishment projects. The SMARTWaste tool was developed principally with new build construction projects in mind and as such collects data, in measurement terms, more closely aligned with these projects. The aim of this project was to capture an increased amount of refurbishment waste data to enable the generation of reliable benchmarks for refurbishment projects and, more latterly, to determine how the waste monitoring tool could be adapted to meet the requirements of refurbishment projects. This will enable the identification of key waste streams and help to inform where waste minimisation activities should

be undertaken, and waste management strategies implemented in order to deal with the waste arisings. The work was divided into three interdependent tasks to achieve the objectives, and focussed on the use of BRE’s database of construction waste data, SMARTWaste, to produce benchmarks. The three tasks were: >> Establishment of key data requirements and production of templates >> Identification of stakeholders and refurbishment projects >> Data collection and analysis Establishment of key data requirements and production of templates To increase the amount of refurbishment waste data contained within the BRE SMARTWaste database and thus improve the reliability of the benchmarks generated, this task aimed to encourage industry to use the web-based SMARTWaste tool where practicable. For instances where the use of an on-line tool was either not practicable or not the chosen method of recording data, a paper-based template (covering the data requirements of the website) was produced to facilitate on site data capture. The format of the template enables individuals to transfer the recorded data to the website at a later time if desired. The initial templates developed are shown in Appendix B. These have not been circulated widely as most of the projects being undertaken are currently recorded directly onto the SMARTWaste system, or audits have been conducted by a member of the BRE team. Sometimes, before refurbishment works are carried out, a pre-refurbishment audit is conducted.

5. Further development of the SMARTWaste tool has been undertaken to enable users to comply with new regulations on waste management – Site Waste Management Plan Regulations 2008 – and has been redesigned and renamed as SMARTWaste Plan. 6. BRE’s original SMARTWaste tool was identified by the name SMARTStart. This tool has been updated and renamed SMARTWaste Plan. A description of the two different waste monitoring tools is provided in Appendix A.

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A pre-refurbishment audit is a method of identifying, measuring and recording the types and amounts of material or items that will occur and be removed as a result of the refurbishment activity being undertaken. Typically, but not a prerequisite of an audit, this information may be used to assist in identifying options for recovery/reuse, recycling and, if necessary, the method of disposal of those materials or items. Project manager and contractor stakeholders have been consulted to determine how the newly developed SMARTWaste Plan could be developed further to accommodate refurbishment projects and the data recorded for those projects. Modifications to the paperbased template will be made in light of their comments taking into account the most frequently required building components/elements, appropriate units of measurement, materials/compositional details and a reporting structure that will provide useful feedback information. In order to develop the SMARTWaste Plan capability to monitor refurbishment projects, stakeholders who have undertaken, are undertaking or are planning to undertake refurbishment activities were consulted on how the tool could be improved to accommodate the requirements of these activities. Their opinions and its likely influence on how the SMARTWaste Plan tool can most usefully be developed to capture refurbishment project data are presented in Section 3 (Findings) of this report. Identification of stakeholders and refurbishment projects A review of the SMARTWaste database projects was conducted to determine how many refurbishment projects were on the system and which types of activity these covered, for example, commercial retail refurbishment, residential refurbishment or one of the other classifications of construction type listed in the SMARTWaste system as shown in Table 1.

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Table 1 SMARTWaste system classification of project types Classification Civil engineering Commercial Retail Commercial Offices Commercial other Education Healthcare Industrial Buildings Leisure Public buildings Residential Other (specify)

The review identified where only limited data was available and also where no data is held on the database for refurbishment of certain types of construction. To improve the robustness of the refurbishment benchmarks through increasing the number of datasets that have been used to generate the benchmarks, several projects were identified as potential sources of refurbishment data.

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Table 2 Potential project data for input into benchmarks Project source

Number of projects

Tzero - TSB7 funded project

27

Heads of Valleys Programme – The Welsh Assembly Government regeneration strategy

3

CoRE Construction Resource Efficiency

8

Refurbishment of the BRE’s Stable Block

1

Sainsburys refurbishment projects8

7

McDonald refurbishment projects

1

9

Pre-refurbishment audits

2

Building Research Housing Group and Networking contacts

3

Stakeholders were contacted to establish their potential involvement and support requirements. The refurbishment projects for which data had already been input into the SMARTWaste database and those that would be available were identified by construction classification, as in Table 1, size of project and timeframe of project; by start and end date. Along with the additional projects that could provide data, (see Table 2), a list of the number of refurbishment projects by construction classification was produced and is presented in Table 3.

Table 3 Number of potential refurbishment projects by project type (April 2008) Classification

Number of projects

Civil engineering

4

Commercial Retail

13

Commercial Offices

11

Commercial other

1

Education

13

Healthcare

10

Industrial Buildings

3

Leisure

6

Public buildings

21

Residential

47

Mixed

1

TOTAL

130

7 Technology Strategy Board. 8 These use the SMARTWaste system 9 Data from a pre-refurbishment audit has been used.

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Data from some, but not all, of these projects have been used to calculate refurbishment project benchmarks due to some of the projects being incomplete and some being registered but having entered no waste data. Logical analyses were applied to determine which project data should be included in the benchmark calculations. These criteria are given in Appendix C. Data collection and analysis Property owners and contractors have been encouraged to use SMARTWaste Plan or the paper-based template. This data was not readily available for the calculation of the initial refurbishment benchmarks presented in this report. However, subsequent data entry onto the SMARTWaste system will enable the data to be collected and to contribute to future revised benchmarks. Although there is a limited amount of data on the database by construction classification, preliminary benchmarks have been produced according to the type (commercial offices/retail, residential, etc.) of project. The robustness of the benchmarks will be improved with time. Other sets of refurbishment waste data have been obtained other than those using the SMARTWaste system to record and monitor their waste directly. These additional datasets have been collated by the refurbishment project client/manager or auditor and the method of recording and analysis has been conducted in several different ways. The data recorded meets the requirements of the different organisations but does not necessarily contain all the information needed to calculate performance benchmarks from the SMARTWaste system. Typically, the floor area or project cost, used to calculate the benchmarks, are missing.

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Findings Stakeholder/Practitioner opinions Residential Following attendance at waste management and housing related events, it was evident that there was interest and support from refurbishment clients for the development of standard methodology for the measurement and monitoring of wastes arising from refurbishment activities. The development of a user-friendly web-based tool designed to record and analyse refurbishment data was also positively supported. Several practitioners have offered to provide data, contributing to national refurbishment benchmarks, and are willing to assist in the development of the tool. Initial contact made with housing providers at the Annual Conference of the Building Research Housing Group (BRHG) was followed up with an email explaining the objectives of the refurbishment benchmarking project and providing members of the BRHG with information on SMARTWaste Plan. BRHG members were invited to contact the project manager if they were willing to assist in the refurbishment project. Several housing providers have been consulted and have provided useful feedback for the development of the tool. Appendix D contains a list of client organisations contacted. A key driver for refurbishment work being undertaken by many housing providers is the Decent Homes programme specified by the Department for Communities and Local Government. The works undertaken in these refurbishments involve many common building components namely, upgrading kitchens, bathrooms, central heating systems, windows and doors etc. The ability of the developed SMARTWaste Plan to accept information on these building components would be extremely useful.

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Several different methods are used to estimate the amount and type of waste likely to arise from refurbishment works. The methods include: 1. Quantity surveyor estimation. 2. Test sample measurement on a typical refurbishment unit. 3. Reliance on historical data/knowledge of contractors. 4. Rough estimation of typical skip content and total number of skips likely to be required over the project timescale. An allowance is sometimes applied to accommodate slight variations in the works undertaken for a typical refurbishment unit. The allowance is necessary to account for different types of occupation, for example, a property for a disabled person may have atypical modifications. Waste data is recorded by volume and tonnage. Data is generally provided from waste transfer station and weighbridge measurements. On-site monitoring is sometimes undertaken with site operatives estimating the weight of a component using manual assessment ie. more than one person guessing the weight by picking an item up. Project managers and contractors were not overly concerned about how the data is recorded, though most would like the feedback indicators in terms of tonnage. Examples of useful indicators for practitioners are tonnes of waste per kitchen or tonnes of waste per one bedroom flat. Most projects set a target for recycling. A practical issue was raised with respect to the influence of external factors on the achievement of targets. It was pointed out that the capacity of some recycling facilities is being severely stretched by demand and this could impact on the achievement of recycling targets.

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Commercial Feedback on commercial refurbishment projects from four contractors ( two main and two subcontractors) suggests that the waste data collected is closely aligned with the SMARTWaste Plan tool in its current format. Waste is measured by volume and/or tonnage and is recorded on and off site. Off site measurement and the accurate breakdown of skip material is typically the responsibility of the waste management contractor who will feed this data back to the client, principal contractor or subcontractor. On site monitoring of skip content can have advantages and disadvantages, positive issues relate to the immediate feedback on waste, its arising and the opportunities for early intervention, whilst the requirement for site space and resources to record its contents are seen as drawbacks. Forecasting the quantities of waste that are likely to arise from the refurbishment works is based on 1. Data from previous similarly sized projects 2. In-house prediction systems using dimensions from design drawings 3. Specialist software Historically, fit-out subcontractors have not dealt with the disposal of their own waste, using skips on site, ordered and paid for by the principal contractor. Increasingly, these subcontractors are taking responsibility for their own waste and have put into practice methods of measuring the content of, and policing, their receptacles. They pay for their own waste and are careful to ensure other contractors are not using these receptacles, thus they are more aware of how much waste they produce. Records of data will therefore become more readily available than before. Additional waste associated with carrying out refurbishment works but not arising directly from the refurbishment, for example, the erection of works site

offices, could also be recorded but reported separately. In some instances, the site office is simply relocated from one site to another. In others, they are demolished entirely and disposed of by waste management contractors when some of the materials could in fact be reused in the erection of a new site office. A log of the waste occurring from these more spurious sources (for example, through a simple pre-demolition audit) and where these originated could improve the predication of the waste associated with particular project types. A useful feedback indicator for the user includes the recycling rate expressed as waste recycled as a percentage of total waste. Since waste data from commercial refurbishments are in a form readily entered into the SMARTWaste Plan tool, the current calculations of volume of waste relative to 100m2 floor area and £100k project cost are still valuable indicators. Refurbishment data There are a number of refurbishment projects currently registered on the SMARTWaste database. Some of these have waste data entered onto the system, whilst others have not. Of those registered projects without any data entry, some are projects that have not started yet, and some were registered some time ago but have yet to be populated with project data. In the two months following the original project deadline of March 2008, an increased number of refurbishment projects have been registered onto the BRE waste monitoring tool. Some of this increase is very likely to be a result of the new Site Waste Management Plan Regulations (effective as of 6th April 2008) that has made it necessary for projects above £300k to produce a site waste management plan, has raised awareness within the industry of the need to monitor and track their waste more closely, and also enlightened clients who are now making it a requirement within their contracts that contractors demonstrate their duty of care and provide evidence of this.

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In addition to those projects using the SMARTWaste system to record and monitor their waste directly, other sets of refurbishment waste data have been obtained. These additional datasets have been collated by the refurbishment project client/manager or auditor and the method of recording and analysis has been conducted in several different ways. Some of the data are from prerefurbishment audits and are not actual waste arisings data. The real versus estimated waste arising figures are not available in some cases (where a pre-refurbishment audit has been undertaken but there will not be any actual waste data from the project) or in other cases will become available but not until some time in the future when the refurbishment works have been completed. The latter data would inform revised future benchmarks. The team have analysed and incorporated, where possible, the additional data into the refurbishment benchmarks. Some of the data could not be used, as insufficient background information, (either floor area or project cost), to enable the calculation of indicators

was recorded. This exercise has highlighted the need for a consistent approach to measuring, monitoring and reporting on refurbishment waste. Refurbishment waste benchmarks according to construction classification have been produced from data contained within the SMARTWaste system. Performance indicators are expressed as volume of waste per 100 m2 of floor area (EPI) and/or volume of waste per £100k project value (KPI) depending on the project data that is available10. These volumes have been converted into tonnages of waste using the Environment Agency’s conversion factors. Tables 4 to 11 below present the EPI and KPI benchmarks for the different waste categories in the system for refurbishment and new build projects by construction classification and give a total waste performance indicator. Figures 1 to 8 provide a graphical presentation of the benchmark data. It should be noted that where there are less than three projects contributing to the benchmark, these categories have not been shown on the graphs since unusual data entries will not have been normalised by the use of larger data sets.

10. Data from a project will be included in both the EPI and KPI if the floor area and project value information are available. If only one of these reference parameters is available, the project data will only contribute to the indicator that uses this parameter. i.e. a project with floor area only will be included in the EPI calculation whilst a project with project value only will be included in the KPI calculation.

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Table 4 EPI benchmarks (m3waste/100m2) for refurbishment projects (SMARTStart August figures) Description

Commercial Retail

Commercial Office

Education

Healthcare

Industrial Buildings

Leisure

Residential

Canteen/office/adhoc

2.176

0.854

2.165

0.000

1.635

1.645

0.837

Ceramics/bricks

0.056

0.258

0.289

1.306

0.047

0.415

3.396

Concrete

6.418

0.705

2.244

1.411

0.504

0.518

1.977

Electrical equipment

0.012

0.557

0.767

0.000

0.000

0.108

0.764

Furniture

0.104

0.455

0.158

0.000

0.119

0.137

0.492

Hazardous

0.002

0.005

5.996

0.041

0.022

0.000

0.018

Inert

0.024

1.655

17.987

4.385

0.000

0.008

1.223

Insulation

0.116

0.565

1.270

0.145

0.602

0.474

0.139

Liquids and oils

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.042

Metals

1.507

0.794

1.086

3.890

0.232

0.895

1.308

Packaging

1.065

3.404

2.291

0.000

3.083

1.203

2.242

Plaster/cement

0.563

2.529

1.024

1.214

1.596

1.928

1.170

Plastics

0.211

0.621

0.289

0.306

0.365

0.453

1.120

Timber

1.221

1.674

2.042

1.919

2.443

1.758

3.091

Total

13.5

14.1

37.6

14.6

10.6

9.5

17.8

Number of projects

6

4

2

1

1

2

5

Figure 1. Average EPI by product type related to refurbishment project types

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Table 5 EPI benchmarks for new build projects (SMARTStart August 2008 figures) Description

Civil Engineering

Commercial Retail

Commercial Office

Education

Healthcare

Industrial Buildings

Leisure

Public Buildings

Residential

Canteen/office/ad-hoc

3.634

1.494

1.964

3.228

1.624

1.167

0.054

1.813

1.735

Ceramics/bricks

0.138

0.536

0.369

0.594

0.638

0.277

0.105

1.397

1.444

Concrete

2.148

1.728

0.556

0.754

0.993

1.018

0.517

6.952

1.902

Electrical equipment

0.272

0.169

0.303

0.278

0.209

0.040

0.308

0.137

0.146

Furniture

0.015

0.087

0.117

0.059

0.036

0.004

0.167

0.204

0.079

Hazardous

0.200

0.229

0.031

0.007

0.456

0.022

0.014

0.095

0.055

Inert

10.397

2.279

5.317

0.706

0.853

7.666

0.012

6.871

0.675

Insulation

0.787

0.546

1.052

0.629

0.668

0.851

1.423

0.495

1.093

Liquids and Oils

0.000

0.002

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.007

0.000

0.010

0.047

Metals

1.961

1.668

1.400

0.872

1.257

1.417

1.265

1.379

0.592

Packaging

1.362

2.019

3.269

1.726

2.487

2.126

1.612

2.173

2.714

Plaster/cement

1.026

1.262

1.614

1.299

3.221

2.989

5.554

1.658

1.871

Plastics

0.388

0.662

0.575

0.569

0.571

0.502

0.341

0.593

1.055

Timber

1.956

2.322

3.568

2.753

2.020

1.977

0.953

1.966

1.892

Total

24.3

15.0

20.1

13.5

15.0

20.1

12.3

25.7

15.3

Number of projects

9

27

24

20

14

5

3

6

116

Figure 2. Average EPI by product type related to new build project types

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Table 6 KPI benchmarks (m3waste/£100k) for refurbishment projects (SMARTStart August 2008 figures) Description

Commercial Retail

Commercial Office

Education

Healthcare

Industrial Buildings

Leisure

Public Buildings

Residential

Canteen/office/adhoc

0.787

0.801

4.517

0.173

0.820

2.125

0.524

1.449

Ceramics/bricks

0.083

0.269

0.212

0.548

0.023

0.676

0.028

1.984

Concrete

3.977

0.707

2.685

0.486

0.253

0.528

0.000

3.571

Electrical equipment

0.009

0.405

1.120

0.052

0.000

0.112

0.000

0.870

Furniture

0.095

0.471

1.485

0.037

0.060

0.140

0.055

0.982

Hazardous

0.001

0.002

2.515

0.014

0.011

0.000

0.000

0.012

Inert

0.034

1.865

7.484

1.495

0.000

0.008

0.000

3.765

Insulation

0.114

0.356

0.933

0.765

0.302

0.893

0.000

1.066

Liquids and oils

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.027

Metals

1.303

0.822

1.218

2.036

0.116

1.342

9.588

1.011

Packaging

0.863

3.437

2.642

1.510

1.547

2.580

0.441

2.959

Plaster/cement

0.495

1.902

0.868

0.819

0.801

2.256

0.055

2.817

Plastics

0.211

0.415

0.339

0.918

0.183

0.835

2.384

1.033

Timber

1.033

1.458

1.911

1.520

1.226

2.392

1.465

4.819

Total

9.0

12.9

27.9

10.4

5.3

13.9

14.5

26.4

Number of projects

4

4

3

2

1

3

1

9

Figure 3. Average KPI by product type related to refurbishment project types

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

Table 7 KPI benchmarks for new build projects (SMARTStart August 2008 figures) Description

Civil Engineering

Commercial Retail

Commercial Office

Education

Healthcare

Industrial Buildings

Leisure

Public Buildings

Residential

Canteen/office/ad-hoc

0.76

0.83

0.73

2.38

1.08

0.63

0.10

2.37

1.79

Ceramics/bricks

0.01

0.36

0.20

1.84

0.79

0.37

0.09

0.61

2.06

Concrete

5.54

0.84

1.26

0.42

0.79

0.31

0.37

4.35

3.26

Electrical equipment

0.04

0.10

0.19

0.17

0.20

0.15

0.48

0.07

0.08

Furniture

0.01

0.05

0.04

0.08

0.03

0.01

0.29

0.04

0.03

Hazardous

0.74

0.22

0.03

0.02

0.31

0.03

0.03

0.96

0.02

Inert

9.89

2.00

4.75

5.61

2.25

4.29

8.84

8.58

1.34

Insulation

0.38

0.37

0.67

0.45

0.62

0.31

0.97

0.25

1.39

Liquids and Oils

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.01

Metals

0.64

1.19

1.27

0.88

0.96

0.74

0.99

0.83

0.48

Packaging

0.59

1.43

2.09

1.51

2.04

1.87

1.18

1.43

3.23

Plaster/cement

0.52

0.71

1.01

1.01

1.92

1.00

5.72

1.16

1.84

Plastics

0.16

0.63

0.34

0.55

0.60

0.41

0.39

0.24

1.25

Timber

0.99

1.67

2.35

2.48

1.79

1.14

1.15

1.21

1.54

Total

20.3

10.4

15.0

17.4

13.4

11.3

20.6

22.1

18.3

Number of projects

6

24

22

21

12

5

5

8

112

Figure 4. Average KPI by product type related to new build project types

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

Table 8 Performance indicator (tonnes waste/100m2) for refurbishment projects Description

Commercial Retail

Commercial Office

Education

Healthcare

Industrial Buildings

Leisure

Public Buildings

Canteen/office/ad-hoc

0.457

0.179

0.455

0.000

0.343

0.345

0.176

Ceramics/bricks

0.061

0.279

0.312

1.411

0.051

0.448

3.668

Concrete

8.151

0.895

2.849

1.792

0.640

0.657

2.511

Electrical equipment

0.003

0.150

0.207

0.000

0.000

0.029

0.206

Furniture

0.019

0.082

0.028

0.000

0.021

0.025

0.089

Hazardous

0.001

0.004

5.217

0.036

0.019

0.000

0.016

Inert

0.030

2.053

22.304

5.437

0.000

0.010

1.516

Insulation

0.029

0.141

0.317

0.036

0.150

0.119

0.035

Liquids and Oils

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.008

Metals

0.633

0.333

0.456

1.634

0.097

0.376

0.549

Packaging

0.224

0.715

0.481

0.000

0.647

0.253

0.471

Plaster/cement

0.186

0.835

0.338

0.401

0.527

0.636

0.386

Plastics

0.049

0.143

0.066

0.070

0.084

0.104

0.258

Timber

0.415

0.569

0.694

0.652

0.830

0.598

1.051

Total

10.3

6.4

33.7

11.5

3.4

3.6

10.9

Number of projects

6

4

2

1

1

2

5

Figure 5. Average performance indicator (tonnes waste/100m²) for refurbishment projects

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

Table 9 Tonnes of waste/100m2 floor area for new build projects (SMARTStart August 2008 figures) Description

Civil Engineering

Commercial Retail

Commercial Office

Education

Healthcare

Industrial Buildings

Leisure

Public Buildings

Residential

Canteen/office/ad-hoc

0.763

0.314

0.413

0.678

0.341

0.245

0.011

0.381

0.364

Ceramics/bricks

0.149

0.579

0.399

0.642

0.689

0.299

0.113

1.509

1.560

Concrete

2.728

2.195

0.706

0.958

1.262

1.293

0.656

8.829

2.416

Electrical equipment

0.073

0.046

0.082

0.075

0.057

0.011

0.083

0.037

0.039

Furniture

0.003

0.016

0.021

0.011

0.006

0.001

0.030

0.037

0.014

Hazardous

0.174

0.199

0.027

0.006

0.396

0.019

0.012

0.082

0.048

Inert

12.892

2.826

6.593

0.875

1.058

9.506

0.015

8.519

0.837

Insulation

0.197

0.136

0.263

0.157

0.167

0.213

0.356

0.124

0.273

Liquids and Oils

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.000

0.002

0.009

Metals

0.824

0.701

0.588

0.366

0.528

0.595

0.531

0.579

0.249

Packaging

0.286

0.424

0.687

0.363

0.522

0.446

0.338

0.456

0.570

Plaster/cement

0.339

0.416

0.532

0.429

1.063

0.986

1.833

0.547

0.617

Plastics

0.089

0.152

0.132

0.131

0.131

0.115

0.078

0.136

0.243

Timber

0.665

0.789

1.213

0.936

0.687

0.672

0.324

0.668

0.643

Grand Total

19.2

8.8

11.7

5.6

6.9

14.4

4.4

21.9

7.9

Number of projects

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Figure 6. Tonnes of waste/100m² floor area by product type related to new build project types

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

Table 10 Performance indicator (tonnes waste/£100k) for refurbishment projects Description

Commercial Retail

Commercial Office

Education

Healthcare

Industrial Buildings

Leisure

Public Buildings

Residential

Canteen/office/ad-hoc

0.934

0.168

0.949

0.036

0.172

0.446

0.110

0.304

Ceramics/bricks

0.045

0.291

0.229

0.592

0.025

0.730

0.030

2.143

Concrete

2.525

0.897

3.410

0.617

0.321

0.670

0.000

4.535

Electrical equipment

0.001

0.109

0.302

0.014

0.000

0.030

0.000

0.235

Furniture

0.009

0.085

0.267

0.007

0.011

0.025

0.010

0.177

Hazardous

0.001

0.002

2.188

0.012

0.010

0.000

0.000

0.010

Inert

0.073

2.313

9.280

1.854

0.000

0.010

0.000

4.668

Insulation

0.014

0.089

0.233

0.191

0.075

0.223

0.000

0.267

Liquids and Oils

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.005

Metals

0.532

0.345

0.512

0.855

0.049

0.564

4.027

0.425

Packaging

0.158

0.722

0.555

0.317

0.325

0.542

0.093

0.621

Plaster/cement

0.086

0.628

0.286

0.270

0.264

0.744

0.018

0.930

Plastics

0.025

0.095

0.078

0.211

0.042

0.192

0.548

0.238

Timber

0.242

0.496

0.650

0.517

0.417

0.813

0.498

1.639

Total

4.6

6.2

18.9

5.5

1.7

5.0

5.3

16.2

Number of projects

4

4

3

2

1

3

1

9

Figure 7. Average performance indicator (tonnes waste/£100k) for refurbishment projects

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

Table 11. Tonnes of waste/£100k for new build projects (SMARTStart August 2008 figures) Description

Civil Engineering

Commercial Retail

Commercial Office

Education

Healthcare

Industrial Buildings

Leisure

Public Buildings

Residential

Canteen/office/ad-hoc

0.160

0.174

0.154

0.500

0.226

0.133

0.021

0.497

0.377

Ceramics/bricks

0.008

0.393

0.213

1.985

0.855

0.405

0.097

0.657

2.227

Concrete

7.037

1.068

1.599

0.528

1.005

0.391

0.471

5.520

4.142

Electrical equipment

0.012

0.027

0.051

0.046

0.054

0.041

0.130

0.020

0.022

Furniture

0.001

0.009

0.007

0.014

0.005

0.002

0.051

0.008

0.006

Hazardous

0.641

0.192

0.025

0.014

0.273

0.023

0.028

0.838

0.014

Inert

12.261

2.480

5.896

6.952

2.787

5.324

10.967

10.638

1.659

Insulation

0.095

0.094

0.168

0.113

0.155

0.078

0.244

0.062

0.348

Liquids and Oils

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.001

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.001

Metals

0.267

0.499

0.534

0.368

0.401

0.311

0.416

0.351

0.203

Packaging

0.125

0.299

0.440

0.318

0.429

0.394

0.247

0.300

0.678

Plaster/cement

0.172

0.234

0.335

0.333

0.634

0.330

1.888

0.383

0.607

Plastics

0.037

0.144

0.078

0.127

0.137

0.095

0.089

0.055

0.287

Timber

0.337

0.569

0.800

0.843

0.610

0.388

0.392

0.413

0.525

Grand Total

21.2

6.2

10.3

12.1

7.6

7.9

15.0

19.7

11.1

Number of projects

6

24

22

21

12

5

5

8

112

Figure 8. Tonnes of waste/£100k project by product type related to new build project types

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

Although refurbishment benchmarks have been produced for the different construction classifications, these should only be used as preliminary guidance values, as the number of projects contributing to the benchmarks is limited. The robustness of the benchmarks will improve as the amount of data contained within the database is increased.Increased use of the system is anticipated in light of recent changes in waste management regulations. It is also anticipated that

more refurbishment data will be entered into the system once a dedicated refurbishment project capability is developed for the SMARTWaste system. Use of the additional project data identified has enabled the commercial retail benchmarks to be recalculated to include data for 24 projects (m3 waste/100 m2) and 25 projects (m3 waste/£100k).

Table 12. Benchmarks for commercial retail refurbishment projects m3 waste/100 m2

m3 waste/£100k

Commercial retail

14.5

10.8

Number of projects

24

25

Additional data for residential projects has been collected from different sources (one project from South East of England, one from North East England and one from Wales). However, due to the variation in method used, data available and data not available, only a tentative indicator based on tonnes of waste per 100 m2 of floor area has been produced. This indicator is based on pre-refurbishment audits of large housing

stocks and a mixture of property types. Actual waste arisings will become available from the housing provider projects upon completion. Also, a large amount of residential refurbishment data can be anticipated as a result of government policy drivers and waste monitoring requirements. Capturing this data using the SMARTWaste system should give progressively more robust indicators.

Table 13. Tentative benchmark for residential refurbishment projects based on pre-refurbishment audits tonnes / per 100 m2 Residential

13.1

Number of projects

3

Comparison of the refurbishment benchmarks with the benchmark performance indicators for all projects entered on the BRE SMARTWaste system reported in an unpublished final report delivered to Defra for a project ‘Understanding and Predicting Construction Waste (WR0111)’. The report indicates that the

refurbishment benchmarks are higher than the indicators for Standard Practice11 for all projects. This suggests the refurbishment projects are, as could be anticipated, generating high levels of waste and are likely to be inflating the overall indicators for all projects.

11. The data was divided into quartiles to show standard, good and best practice. The lower quartile for waste volume generated has been assigned as ‘Best Practice’, the next quartile assigned as ‘Good Practice’ and the top two quartiles assigned as ‘Standard Practice’.

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

The total refurbishment and new build benchmarks (tonnes of waste by floor area and tonnes of waste by project value) from Tables 8 to 11 in this report have been extracted for comparison in Table 14 below. Commercial office and retail refurbishments appear to generate fewer tonnes of waste than during new build. A more detailed review of the waste arisings in Tables 8 to 11 by product type indicates that the biggest differences occur as a result of concrete and inert waste quantities arising during new build. These materials occur when a site is prepared for new build construction but could potentially be reused on-site rather than removed or disposed off

site. The amount of canteen/office/adhoc waste arising during commercial retail refurbishments is however, high and would be identified as an area needing to be addressed. The entry data would need to be checked for accuracy otherwise the reasons for the waste occurrence should be identified. Residential indicators are mixed. Despite the small number of refurbishment projects, the trend seen with the waste arisings is logical. The electrical equipment and furniture waste arisings from refurbishment projects are predictably higher than from new build.

Table 14. Extracted tonnage-based benchmarks for comparison

Tonnes/100m

2

Tonnes/£100k

Commercial Retail

Commercial Office

Residential

Refurb

Refurb

Refurb

New build

New build

New build

10.3 (6)

8.8 (27)

6.4 (4)

11.7 (24)

10.9(5)

7.9 (116)

4.6 (4)

6.2 (24)

6.2 (4)

10.3 (22)

16.2 (9)

11.1 (112)

NB: Number of project in brackets. Higher benchmark value in bold.

A review of the product wastes occurring from the refurbishment of commercial retail, commercial offices and residential projects shows that: >> Retail projects have a high occurrence of concrete and canteen/office/adhoc waste compared to the other project types. >> Office projects produce high quantities of inert,insulation, packaging, plaster and cement. >> Residential projects produce high levels of ceramic/ brick, electrical equipment, furniture, plastics and timber wastes.

Refurbishment Waste

Comparison of the tonnage-based refurbishment waste indicators with the volume-based indicators show that the values based on tonnes are lower. In relation to floor area, the tonnage-based indicators are typically half the value of the volume-based indicators. The trend is more varied in relation to project cost. There are 148 refurbishment projects registered on the SMARTWaste Plan system with 41 projects currently entering waste data. These projects will clearly increase the amount of data used in the calculation of the benchmarks and thus improve their robustness.

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

Table 15. Additional projects that will contribute to future refurbishment benchmarks Registered project end date

Number of projects

July 08 – Sept. 08

35

Oct. 08 – Dec. 08

38

Jan. 09 – March 09

13

April 09 – June 09

9

Unknown

37

As mentioned in the subsections on indicators and functional unit later, it is worth noting that the benchmarks may eventually be defined with reference to other project defined parameters that reflect refurbishment project information more closely. For example, for residential refurbishments in terms of volume of waste per one bedroom flat. Development of the BRE SMARTWaste system will provide useful measures against which project managers can evaluate the performance of their projects. Performance Indicators Due to the complexity of refurbishment projects, there is likely to be a need for a number of different performance indicators. The performance indicators for this report have been produced in the same way as those currently generated for all projects entered on the SMARTWaste Plan database, which are most relevant for new build construction projects. Data for refurbishment projects have been filtered out of the SMARTWaste database for inclusion in the indicators. It is known, however, that the entry data requested upon registration on SMARTWaste Plan are not directly relevant to refurbishment projects and some of the data is therefore incomplete or in some cases a best guess on the part of the contractor/practitioner. The entry data on project value and floor area, used to calculate the current indicators, are not typically used measures for refurbishment projects and so, a more relevant indicator

might make reference to work package cost or the functional unit defined for the project. Functional unit Definition of a functional unit for refurbishment projects is complex. Refurbishment projects can encompass a wide range of activities, not just between commercial and residential but also within the commercial sector or within the residential sector and thus, the functional unit of projects is highly variable. It will be necessary to accommodate several different functional units and therefore generate indicators in relation to those units. Residential projects are likely to require several different functional units to capture the broad range of refurbishment activities undertaken, for example, tonnes of waste per bathroom, per kitchen, per flat or per house. The size and diversity of commercial projects suggest that the data capture will be more conducive to the current method of recording waste on SMARTWaste Plan, i.e. volumes or tonnes of waste related to 100 m2 of floor area and to £100k project value. Development of SmartWaste Plan refurbishment project capability It is proposed that the SMARTWaste Plan tool produced to assist construction clients and contractors in meeting their obligations under the recently legislated Site Waste Management Plan Regulations, be extended to include a capability to record and analyse the waste occurring as a result of various refurbishment activities.

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

The requirements of a refurbishment capability are not straightforward as already alluded to in preceding subsections. Some of the functional requirements of the developed capability include: >> Options for different refurbishment typescommercial, residential, public buildings >> Options to meet various regulatory requirements – Decent Homes, Welsh Housing Quality Standard >> Options to meet environmental requirements – BREEAM and EcoHomes XB >> Options for functional unit – work package cost, by refurbishment unit eg,per bathroom, per house, floor area >> Options for measurement unit – weight in tonnes, volume in cubic metres, tonnage per property type >> Option to use default building components of standard dimensions and construction or ‘userdefined’ values >> Option for waste targets based on calculated benchmarks or ‘user-defined’ targets

Refurbishment Waste

This list is not exhaustive and may be extended as a result of continuing discussions with stakeholders, both internal and external to BRE. The existence of a specific refurbishment project capability within SMARTWaste Plan will facilitate the collection of more comprehensive refurbishment waste data. It will enable the industry to differentiate between refurbishment and new build waste, measure and monitor the waste generated by specific types of refurbishment activities and provide national benchmarks with which to compare a project’s performance. Commercial refurbishments are more variable than residential refurbishments. They range from minor refurbishment works such as upgrading internal fixtures and fittings for example, recarpeting, replacing office furniture, to more major works, for instance, where there is a complete change of use requiring new room layouts; moving and replacing internal walls; total internal refit and also external works. It is therefore envisaged that the tool capability developed for commercial refurbishment works is likely to contain fewer default values and require greater user input.

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

Conclusions and recommendations As there is a limited number of datasets on refurbishment projects (a total of 33 projects under six project classifications), the initial benchmarks produced include preliminary values for each type of refurbishment project as classified by the SMARTWaste system. In the first instance, these have been generated in line with the new build construction work Performance Indicators where waste volume is related 100 m2 floor area and to £100k project value and as tonnes of waste related to 100 m2 floor area and to £100k project value. The relevance and applicability of these indicators to refurbishment projects are debatable. The functional unit of refurbishment activities are defined in a different way to new build construction projects and therefore it is proposed that more appropriate indicators could be produced, such as tonnes of waste per kitchen. These indicators

would be more informative to stakeholders carrying out refurbishment works and thus provide a useful measure with which to compare the performance of different refurbishment projects undertaken. The preliminary benchmarks in this report are useful for a first estimation of the waste arising from refurbishment projects, providing a starting point for those practitioners who currently have no historical data upon which to base their waste forecasts. With increased project data, the accuracy of these benchmarks will improve. Development of the SMARTWaste Plan to include a refurbishment capability will also see the generation of potentially more appropriate benchmarks for different types of refurbishment activities.

The preliminary refurbishment waste benchmarks are:

Commercial Retail

m3 /100m2

m3/£100k

tonnes/100m2

tonnes/£100k

13.5

9.0

10.3

4.6

Commercial Offices

14.1

12.9

6.4

6.2

Education12

-

27.9

-

18.9

Leisure

-

13.9

-

5.0

17.8

26.4

10.9

16.2

Residential

13

In conclusion, further work to capture additional refurbishment project data will generate better performance benchmarks. This work would include:

>> Agreement of standard refurbishment building components/elements, appropriate measurement units and functional units.

>> Continuing discussions with stakeholders representative of a broad range of refurbishment sectors to inform the development of the tool and seek their opinions

>> Collation of data on ‘default’ building elements for residential refurbishment taking into account those activities likely to be carried out to meet minimum standards for government initiatives such as Decent Homes and Welsh Housing Quality Standard.

>> Revision of the paper-based template following wide stakeholder consultation, if required.

>> IT development of SMARTWaste Plan to include specific refurbishment waste capability.

12. Three projects have contributed to the calculation of these indicators. However, the values appear to be high and may not be an accurate reflection of these refurbishments. Their accuracy will improve with increased numbers of datasets. 13. The project cost related indicators are high for residential projects and may be a result of relatively low project costs being scaled up to £100k.

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

>> Determination of appropriate refurbishment benchmarks and key reporting statistics for use by practitioners.

>> Promotion of the enhanced SMARTWaste Plan to capture more data.

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

References BERR, August 2008. Construction Statistics Annual 2008 Edition DCLG, June 2006. A Decent Home: Definition and guidance for implementation June 2006-update DCLG, 2006. English House Condition Survey 2006Headline Report- Decent Homes and Decent Places DCLG, May 2008. Housing and Planning Key Facts Defra unpublished report April 2008 ‘Understanding and Predicting Construction Waste’ (WR0111). WAG, April 2002. The Welsh Housing Quality Standard. Guidance for Local Authorities on the Assessment Process and Achievement of the Standard. BREEAM and EcoHomes information www.breeam.org SMARTWaste information www.smartwaste.co.uk

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

Appendix A – Waste monitoring tools SMARTStart and SMARTWaste Plan SMARTWaste SMARTStart A quick and easy waste benchmarking tool for the construction industry. It is designed for use by construction, facilities or waste management contractors as part of day-to-day activities. It defines EPIs (Environmental Performance Indicators) and KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) for waste generation on each project and company-wide. If you generate waste, SMARTStart can help you define waste streams, prioritise your waste strategy and meet environmental reporting requirements. SMARTStart is a waste auditing tool which will enable the evaluation of waste management across all your sites. It is particularly valuable in helping to apply sustainable waste management techniques. Key features of SMARTStart: >> In terms of benchmarking and monitoring it stores and presents information on the contents of containers leaving site. Containers visually assessed as they leave site and the percentage volume of 14 waste groups can be entered into a secure website account. From the data entered, SMARTStart generates graphs, tables, an audit log, anEPI and a KPI for each individual site and on a company-wide basis. Comparison of the EPI and KPI with national averages produced by BRE and Constructing Excellence will show how well you are performing compared with the rest of the industry. >> Site Waste Management Plans have increasingly become a requirement with many publicly-funded clients. The output obtained from SMARTStart enables the monitoring of performance in relation to existing plans, monitoring the effect of changes in waste reduction and recovery methods and helps the preparation and completion of new plans.

Refurbishment Waste

>> SMARTStart will provide you with a greater understanding of the amounts and types of waste leaving your sites. Analysis of this information can be used as a basis for applying sustainable waste management techniques to reduce the amount of waste generated and save money, time and effort. SMARTWaste Plan A free software tool for preparing, implementing and reviewing Site Waste Management Plans (SWMP) with integrated waste measurement functions. As from 6th April 2008, all construction projects in England, over £300,000 in cost must, by law, have a Site Waste Management Plan. SMARTWaste Plan includes an optional integrated online waste measurement tool to help measure and monitor the types and amounts of waste leaving sites and benchmark performance with waste on individual sites and on a company-wide basis. This waste measurement tool is an improved and updated version of our old SMARTStart tool. With SMARTWaste Plan, only one account is needed to create SWMPs for all one company’s projects and also measure waste generated by them. It is user friendly with either a downloadable template or an interactive web session as guidance through the steps to completing a SWMP. Key features of SMARTWaste Plan: >> A software tool for preparing, implementing and reviewing Site Waste Management Plans (SWMP) with integrated waste measurement functions. >> As for SMARTStart, in terms of benchmarking and monitoring, it stores and presents information on the contents of containers leaving site. However, the waste categories for SMARTWaste Plan consider waste within 22 waste product groups based on EWC (European Waste Catalogue) codes. Data

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

entered generates graphs, tables, an audit log, an EPI and a KPI for each individual site and on a companywide basis. Comparison of the EPI and KPI with national averages produced by BRE and Constructing Excellence will show how well you are performing compared with the rest of the industry.

£500,000; costing greater than £500,000; meeting BREEAM credits; and meeting Code for Sustainable Homes credits. >> It can be used as either a downloadable template or an interactive web session.

>> The tool has templates for different levels of SWMPs depending on project costs and requirements including projects: costing between £300,000 and

The waste categories used in SMARTWaste have been modified slightly for the new SMARTWaste Plan tool in order to align them with the European Waste Catalogue categories. The changes to the categories are summarised in the table. The systems and further information can be found at www.smartwaste.co.uk

SMARTWaste Waste categories

SMARTWaste Plan Waste categories

EWC code

Binders

10 31

Canteen/office/ad-hoc

Canteen/office/ad-hoc

20 03 01

Ceramics/bricks

Ceramics

17 01 03

Bricks

17 01 02

Concrete

Concrete

17 01 01

Electrical equipment

Electrical equipment

16 02 14

Furniture

Furniture

20 03 07

Inert

Inert

17 01

Soil

17 05

Asphalt

17 03

Insulation

Insulation

17 06 04

Metals

Metals

17 04

Mixed

17 09 04

Oils

13 01

Packaging

Packaging

15 01

Plaster/cement

Plaster (includes plasterboard)

17 08 02

Cement

10 31 11

Plastics

Plastics

17 02 03

Timber

Timber

17 02 01

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste

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Appendix B – Paper-based refurbishment waste monitoring template Refurbishment Project details Data

Additional Information

Project type

Indicate with



Company Name

Major works

Project reference

Minor works

Additional Information

Project name Location

Residential

Postcode

Bathroom

Project start date

Central heating

Project end date

Doors

Project cost (£)

Kitchen

Floor area (m )

Rewiring

Number of units (if applicable)

Roof covering

Unit size (if applicable)

Windows

2

Roof structure Other (specify)

Planned refurbishment interval

Commercial Internal restructure

Classification

Indicate with



Internal refit Office refit

Civil engineering

Rewiring

Commercial Retail

Central heating

Commercial Offices

External structure

Commercial other

Doors

Education

Windows

Healthcare

Other (specify)

Industrial Buildings Leisure Public buildings Residential Other (specify)

Refurbishment Waste

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Cost data Project Reference Please enter the cost of waste disposal for each waste type Waste type

Container type

Number of containers

Mixed Inert Timber Metals Paper/cardboard Hazardous Gypsum Plastic Alternatively please enter the total waste disposal cost Total

Waste management routes Project Reference Is waste sent straight to landfill? Amount

Yes/No Tonnes/m3?

Overall material reused/recycled on site Amount

Tonnes/m3?

Overall material segregated on site Amount

Tonnes/m3?

Overall material recycled off site Amount

Tonnes/m3?

Overall material diverted from landfill Amount

Refurbishment Waste

Tonnes/m3?

Cost per container (£)

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Waste arising data Project Reference EWC Categories

Waste product

Waste Transfer note number

Container type

Number of containers

Container segregated

Tonnes of product

Volume of product

on site reuse/ recycling?

off site reuse/ recycling?

to landfill?

for reuse/ recycling 17

01

CONCRETE, BRICKS, TILES AND CERAMICS

17

01

01

concrete

17

01

02

bricks

17

01

03

tiles and ceramics

17

01

06

mixtures of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics containing dangerous substances

17

01

07

mixtures of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics

01

wood

17

02

17

02

WOOD, GLASS AND PLASTIC

17

02

02

glass

17

02

03

plastic

17

02

04

glass, plastic and wood containing or contaminated with dangerous substances

17

03

BITUMINOUS MIXTURES, COAL TAR AND TARRED PRODUCTS

17

03

01

bituminous mixtures containing coal tar

17

03

02

bituminous mixtures other than those mentioned in 17 03 01

17

03

03

17

04

coal tar and tarred products METALS (INCLUDING THEIR ALLOYS)

17

04

01

copper, bronze, brass

17

04

02

aluminium

17

04

03

lead

17

04

04

zinc

17

04

05

iron and steel

17

04

06

tin

17

04

07

mixed metals

17

04

09

metal waste contaminated with dangerous substances

17

04

10

cables containing oil, coal tar and other dangerous substances

17

04

11

cables other than those mentioned in 17 04 10

Refurbishment Waste

to exempt

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Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

17

06

INSULATIONS MATERIALS AND ASBESTOS-CONTAINING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

17

06

01

insulation materials containing asbestos

17

06

03

insulation materials containing dangerous substances

17

06

04

insulation materials

17

06

05

construction materials containing asbestos

17

08

17

08

01

02

GYPSUM-BASED CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL gypsum-based construction materials contaminated with dangerous substances

17

08

17

09

gypsum-based construction materials

17

09

01

construction and demolition wastes containing mercury

17

09

02

construction and demolition wastes containing PCB

17

09

03

construction and demolition wastes containing dangerous substances

17

09

04

mixed construction and demolition wastes

20

01

20

01

8

Biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste

20

01

21

fluorescent tubes and other mercurycontaining waste

20

01

35

discarded electrical and electronic equipment containing hazardous components

20

01

36

discarded electrical and electronic equipment

OTHER CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTES

SEPARATELY COLLECTED FRACTIONS

Refurbishment Waste

Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

Address

Circle relevant description Residential Property Type

House

Bungalow

Flat

Maisonette

Bedsit

Bedrooms

1

2

3

4

Other

Floor

GF

1F

2F

3F

Other MMC

Built Form

Solid

Cavity

Timber

System

Detachment

End Terrace

Mid Terrace

Semi

Detached

Age Band

Date of Survey Element

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Project Reference

Pre 1900

1900-29

1930-49

1950-66

1967-74

1975-81

1982-90

1991-95

1996-02

2003-06

2007-

Surveyor Length (m)

Height (m)

Depth (m)

Section (m)

Qty

Material

Total vol

Comments

Length (m)

Height (m)

Depth

Glass thickness

Volume glass

Qty

Material

Comments

Length (m)

Height (m)

Depth

Glass dimensions

Glass thickness

Qty

Material

Comments

Kitchen Base Unit Base Unit Electrics Flooring Plumbing Sink Skirting Tiling Wall Units Walls Worktop Other Bathroom Bath Ceiling Electrics Flooring Plumbing Skirting Tiling W/C Bowl Walls WC Cistern WHB Windows Living Room Dining Room Kitchen Bathroom Bedroom 1 Bedroom 2 Bedroom 3 Bedroom 4 Doors

Refurbishment Waste

Refurbishment Waste Benchmarking

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Project Reference Address

Circle relevant Description Commercial Property Type

Description

Office Retail Other (specify)

Date of Survey Element

Surveyor Length (m)

Height (m)

Depth (m)

Section (m)

Material

Qty

Total vol

Comments

Windows

Length (m)

Height (m)

Depth

Glass thickness

Volume glass

Qty

Material

Comments

Doors

Length (m)

Height (m)

Depth

Glass dimensions

Glass thickness

Qty

Material

Comments

Flooring

Length (m)

Height (m)

Depth

Qty

Material

Comments

Fixtures & Fittings Base Unit Base Unit Ceiling Chairs Desks Electrics Lighting Plumbing Skirting Tables Tiling Wall Units Walls Worktop Toilets Bath Ceiling Electrics Flooring Plumbing Skirting Tiling W/C Bowl Walls WC Cistern WHB

Refurbishment Waste

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Appendix C – Criteria used to determine which project data to include in the calculation of the refurbishment benchmarks >> All refurbishment projects completed by 9th June 2008 were selected from the SMARTStart database. >> Projects with less than 10 m3 waste were excluded. >> For m3/100m2: Projects with less than 10m2 floor area were excluded from the m3/100m2 performance indicator >> For m3/£100K: Projects with less than £10 project value were excluded from the m3/£100K performance indicator >> Sainsburys data: All completed projects with >= 10 m3 waste were used and the performance indicators calculated >> SMARTWaste Plan: Pre-refurbishment audit data has been collected and entered into the SMARTWaste Plan tool.

Refurbishment Waste

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Appendix D – Refurbishment client organisations contacted >> Watford Community Housing Trust >> Gateshead City Council >> Gelding Borough council >> Shepherds Bush Housing Association >> Sandwell Homes >> Guinness Trust Housing Association >> Frankham (consultants to Hammersmith and Fulham Councils)

Refurbishment Waste

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Refurbishment Waste

PROJECT PARTNERS