Relationships Among Topography, Geology, Seismicity and Land Use ...
5HODWLRQVKLSV$PRQJ7RSRJUDSK\*HRORJ\ 6HLVPLFLW\DQG/DQG8VH1HSDO+LPDOD\D Tank Ojha and Peter G. DeCelles 6FKRRORI(DUWKDQG(QYLURQPHQWDO6FLHQFHV 'HSDUWPHQWRI*HRVFLHQFHV8QLYHUVLW\RI$UL]RQD 7XFVRQ$=7HO )D[ (PDOL RMKD#HPDLODUL]RQDHGX
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Modified from ESRI world SID
Regional Geological Background
Collision between India and Asia since ~55-57 Ma produced the Highest topography on Earth (Coward and Butler, 1985; Hodges 2000). As Indian plate continues moving to North Sedimentary rocks deposited along the Northern margin of India have been detached and thrust southward making a series of major thrust and related folds (Gansser, 1964; Yin and Harrison, 2000; DeCelles et al., 2001). To the North Himalayas are bounded by Indus Tsangpo Surure Zone (ITSZ) and to the south by main Frontal Thrust (Gansser, 1964).
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KWWS JHRORJ\ JX\FRPWHDFKLQJLDFDQLPDWLRQVLQ GLDBDVLDBFROOLVLRQKWP
MDF
MBT RT
LHD
DT
MCT CT
MFT T
~22-25 Ma: Development of MCT ~22-15 Ma: Emplacement of DT; deposition of Dumri formation ~15-12 Ma: Emplacement of RT; deposition of lower Siwalik Group ~12-10 Ma: Initial duplexing in northern part of LHD; deposition of lower Siwalik Group ~10-05 Ma: Main phase of growth of LHD; deposition of middle Siwalik Group ~5 Ma: Emplacement of MBT; deposition of middle to upper Siwalik Group
,QWURGXFWLRQ
7KH+LPDOD\DV
Modified from ESRI world SID
Regional Geological Background
Collision between India and Asia since ~55-57 Ma produced the Highest topography on Earth (Coward and Butler, 1985; Hodges 2000). As Indian plate continues moving to North Sedimentary rocks deposited along the Northern margin of India have been detached and thrust southward making a series of major thrust and related folds (Gansser, 1964; Yin and Harrison, 2000; DeCelles et al., 2001). To the North Himalayas are bounded by Indus Tsangpo Surure Zone (ITSZ) and to the south by main Frontal Thrust (Gansser, 1964).
0RGLILHGIURP3KLO)DUTXKDUVRQ
KWWS JHRORJ\ JX\FRPWHDFKLQJLDFDQLPDWLRQVLQ GLDBDVLDBFROOLVLRQKWP
MDF
MBT RT
LHD
DT
MCT CT
MFT T
~22-25 Ma: Development of MCT ~22-15 Ma: Emplacement of DT; deposition of Dumri formation ~15-12 Ma: Emplacement of RT; deposition of lower Siwalik Group ~12-10 Ma: Initial duplexing in northern part of LHD; deposition of lower Siwalik Group ~10-05 Ma: Main phase of growth of LHD; deposition of middle Siwalik Group ~5 Ma: Emplacement of MBT; deposition of middle to upper Siwalik Group
