Renewable energy â hydropower
Renewable energy – hydropower
Prepared by
Wan, Man Pun Assistant Professor School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering MA0100 – Environmental Sustainability
Hydropower Power extracted from water
Hydroelectric
[http://www.cepolina.com/photo/technolog y/energy/water-mill/2/water-mill-river.jpg]
[http://ecoble.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/hydroelectric-_ontario-power-generation.jpg]
Watermill
[http://www.wikipedia.org]
Tidal barrage
[http://assets.inhabitat.com/files/pelamis.jpg]
[http://www.siemens.com]
Underwater turbine (ocean current / tidal)
Wave farm
2
Ocean current Thermohaline circulation (or meridional overturning circulation) Ocean currents driven by the combined effects of temperature & salinity gradients, wind and tidal forces.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current]
3
Ocean thermal energy converter (OTEC) Temperature differences between the surface and 1000m depth in the oceans
[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Te mperaturunterschiede_Ozeane.png]
[www.treehugger.com]
Typical ocean temperature profile in the tropics [Vieira da Rosa, Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Processes, 2009]
Schematics of an OTEC 4
Tides The cyclic rise and fall of seawater level due to the gravitational interactions between the Earth, the moon and the sun.
Spring tide (New and full moon)
Neap tide (1st and 3rd moon quarter) Bay of Fundy, Canada Tidal range – 11.7 m
5
Devices that extract ocean current and tidal energy Underwater turbine 16 PA,Wind AirVWind3 AWind 54 16 PA,Water WaterVWater3 AWater 54 Air = 1.2 kg/m3 Water = 1000 kg/m3 [http://www.hallinnews.com/photos/turbine/The-huge-turbineand-base-prior-to-subsea-installation.jpg]
To get the same power, P,
1000 VWater AWater 1.2 VWind AWind 3
3
For the same flow speed, Vwind = Vwater, AWater = 0.0012 x Awind DWater = 0.035 x Dwind
For the same rotor area, Awind = Awater, VWater3 = 0.0012 x Vwind3 VWater = 0.106 x VWind
6
Water wave The movement of water driven by wind blows over the surface of the water Energy of a single wave
H2 E 0.5g 16
(in J)
H – wave height in m
In deep water, power per unit length (m) of wave front
P T g 2 H 2 L 64
(in W/m)
T – period of the wave (s), the time taken for two successive crest to pass the same point
E.g., A storm created waves 15 m high and have a period of 15 s. What is the wave power per unit length of wave front?
P 2 2 15 10009.8 15 1.6 106 W/m L 64 7
Water wave energy systems
Pelamis Wave Energy Converter
[http://hackedgadgets.com/wpcontent/2/Aquamarines_Oyster_under_water_power_generation.jpg]
8
Hydroelectric power Top hydroelectric power production countries (2009) Country China
Annual hydroelectric production (TWh)
Installed capacity (GW)
% of total capacity
652.05
196.79
22.25
Canada
369.5
88.97
61.12
Brazil
363.8
69.08
85.56
United States
250.6
79.51
5.74
Russia
167.0
45.00
17.64
Norway
140.5
27.53
98.25
India
115.6
33.60
15.80
Venezuela
85.96
14.62
69.20
Japan
69.2
27.23
7.21
Sweden
65.5
16.21
44.34 9
Hydroelectric power Hydroelectric power plant
Top 5 highest capacity hydroelectric power stations in the world Name
Country
Capacity (MW)
Three Gorges Dam
China
22,500
Itaipu Dam
Brazil / Paraguay
14,000
Guri
Venezuela
10,200
Tucurui
Brazil
8,370
Grand Coulee
United States
6,809
10
Three Gorges Dam, China
End
11
Prepared by
Wan, Man Pun Assistant Professor School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering MA0100 – Environmental Sustainability
Hydropower Power extracted from water
Hydroelectric
[http://www.cepolina.com/photo/technolog y/energy/water-mill/2/water-mill-river.jpg]
[http://ecoble.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/hydroelectric-_ontario-power-generation.jpg]
Watermill
[http://www.wikipedia.org]
Tidal barrage
[http://assets.inhabitat.com/files/pelamis.jpg]
[http://www.siemens.com]
Underwater turbine (ocean current / tidal)
Wave farm
2
Ocean current Thermohaline circulation (or meridional overturning circulation) Ocean currents driven by the combined effects of temperature & salinity gradients, wind and tidal forces.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current]
3
Ocean thermal energy converter (OTEC) Temperature differences between the surface and 1000m depth in the oceans
[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Te mperaturunterschiede_Ozeane.png]
[www.treehugger.com]
Typical ocean temperature profile in the tropics [Vieira da Rosa, Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Processes, 2009]
Schematics of an OTEC 4
Tides The cyclic rise and fall of seawater level due to the gravitational interactions between the Earth, the moon and the sun.
Spring tide (New and full moon)
Neap tide (1st and 3rd moon quarter) Bay of Fundy, Canada Tidal range – 11.7 m
5
Devices that extract ocean current and tidal energy Underwater turbine 16 PA,Wind AirVWind3 AWind 54 16 PA,Water WaterVWater3 AWater 54 Air = 1.2 kg/m3 Water = 1000 kg/m3 [http://www.hallinnews.com/photos/turbine/The-huge-turbineand-base-prior-to-subsea-installation.jpg]
To get the same power, P,
1000 VWater AWater 1.2 VWind AWind 3
3
For the same flow speed, Vwind = Vwater, AWater = 0.0012 x Awind DWater = 0.035 x Dwind
For the same rotor area, Awind = Awater, VWater3 = 0.0012 x Vwind3 VWater = 0.106 x VWind
6
Water wave The movement of water driven by wind blows over the surface of the water Energy of a single wave
H2 E 0.5g 16
(in J)
H – wave height in m
In deep water, power per unit length (m) of wave front
P T g 2 H 2 L 64
(in W/m)
T – period of the wave (s), the time taken for two successive crest to pass the same point
E.g., A storm created waves 15 m high and have a period of 15 s. What is the wave power per unit length of wave front?
P 2 2 15 10009.8 15 1.6 106 W/m L 64 7
Water wave energy systems
Pelamis Wave Energy Converter
[http://hackedgadgets.com/wpcontent/2/Aquamarines_Oyster_under_water_power_generation.jpg]
8
Hydroelectric power Top hydroelectric power production countries (2009) Country China
Annual hydroelectric production (TWh)
Installed capacity (GW)
% of total capacity
652.05
196.79
22.25
Canada
369.5
88.97
61.12
Brazil
363.8
69.08
85.56
United States
250.6
79.51
5.74
Russia
167.0
45.00
17.64
Norway
140.5
27.53
98.25
India
115.6
33.60
15.80
Venezuela
85.96
14.62
69.20
Japan
69.2
27.23
7.21
Sweden
65.5
16.21
44.34 9
Hydroelectric power Hydroelectric power plant
Top 5 highest capacity hydroelectric power stations in the world Name
Country
Capacity (MW)
Three Gorges Dam
China
22,500
Itaipu Dam
Brazil / Paraguay
14,000
Guri
Venezuela
10,200
Tucurui
Brazil
8,370
Grand Coulee
United States
6,809
10
Three Gorges Dam, China
End
11
