rescue waggin part4 stress
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Environmental Enrichment or Making the Shelter a Behaviorally Friendly Place for Animals
Suzanne Hetts, Ph.D., CAAB AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com Part 4 - Stress HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Successful Enrichment: • Must know what species typical behaviors are • Must know what behavioral needs are • Understand stress and stressors • Take into account individual differences • Must know how to recognize consequences of needs not being met HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
What are Stressors for Cats? • What research tells us – McCobb et al., JAVMA 226 (4), 2005
• Biggest stressor – exposure to dogs – Sound of barking – Sight of – Transported through dog area HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
What are Stressors for Cats? • Single housing, if came from multi-cat household
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
What are Stressors for Cats? • Carlstead 1991 – Irregular feeding and handling schedules – Lack of petting from caregivers – Change of caretakers – Change of cage – “noise” HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stressors in the Shelter - Cats Being exposed in cages Having hiding places they create destroyed through cleaning Having their scent removed from cage every day through cleaning
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stressors In The Shelter • Confined/restricted space • Disruption of social bonds • Over-stimulation • ‘Boredom’/lack of mental stimulation • Disruption of sleep – Day-night cycles HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stressors in the Shelter Smells – Urine, feces, animals disinfectants Social stress / threats line of sight Can’t eliminate outside Or preferred substrate
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stressors in the Shelter • • • •
Lack of control Can’t escape/hide Unpredictability Barren environment – Lack of comfort
• Being handled by unfamiliar people • Disruption of routines – Absence of the familiar HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stressors In The Shelter • Insufficient exercise • Can’t express range of behaviors • Noise
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stressors In The Shelter • Change in diet • Nothing to chew • No separation of functional space • Crowding
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Successful Enrichment: • Must know what species typical behaviors are • Must know what behavioral needs are • Understand stress and stressors • Take into account individual differences • Must know how to recognize consequences of needs not being met HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Sources of Individual Variation • Experience – Early - socialization – Later learning
• Gender • Age • Health status
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Sources of Individual Variation • Genetic predispositions – Breed, Individual – Interact with environment
• In individual animal cannot say “Behavior A is 60% genetic and 40% environment”
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Successful Enrichment: • Must know what species typical behaviors are • Must know what behavioral needs are • Understand stress and stressors • Take into account individual differences • Must know how to recognize consequences of needs not being met – stressors and stress HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
How Do Cats and Dogs React to Stressors? • Species, breed, and individual differences • Depends on the stressor • Depends on options available HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stress Related Behaviors • Threats and aggression
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stress Related Behaviors • Attempts to escape • Shift in frequencies (excessively high or low) of normal behaviors • Excessive (?) vocalizations – Barking, whining, yelping, howling – Meowing, yowling HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Signs Of Stress In Dogs • Fearful behavior – Body postures – Drooling – Panting – Shaking – Whining – Elimination – Freezing HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Signs of Fear in Cats • Twitching, swishing tail • Rapid change of ear carriage • Freezing
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Signs of Fear in Cats • • • •
Tense body Paws, tail tucked in Hiding Dilated eyes
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Signs Of Stress In Dogs • Conflict behaviors – Displacement behaviors
yawning
grooming
lip licking HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com Drawings – Rugaas, T. 1997 ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Signs Of Stress In Dogs • Other displacement behaviors
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stress Related Behaviors • Abnormal behavior – Self-injurious behaviors – Repetitive behaviors – Stereotypies
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stress Related Behaviors • Feigned sleep – This is not rest – Don’t be fooled! – Sleep disturbances – For dogs, “nodding off” may be displacement
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stress Related Behaviors • Behavioral depression – Less eating, drinking, grooming, playing – Withdrawal – Lack of normal behaviors
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stress Related Behaviors • Hiding/ Avoidance • Freezing, Immobility • Not eating, “compulsive” eating
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Environmental Enrichment or Making the Shelter a Behaviorally Friendly Place for Animals
Suzanne Hetts, Ph.D., CAAB AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com Part 4 - Stress HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Successful Enrichment: • Must know what species typical behaviors are • Must know what behavioral needs are • Understand stress and stressors • Take into account individual differences • Must know how to recognize consequences of needs not being met HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
What are Stressors for Cats? • What research tells us – McCobb et al., JAVMA 226 (4), 2005
• Biggest stressor – exposure to dogs – Sound of barking – Sight of – Transported through dog area HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
What are Stressors for Cats? • Single housing, if came from multi-cat household
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
What are Stressors for Cats? • Carlstead 1991 – Irregular feeding and handling schedules – Lack of petting from caregivers – Change of caretakers – Change of cage – “noise” HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stressors in the Shelter - Cats Being exposed in cages Having hiding places they create destroyed through cleaning Having their scent removed from cage every day through cleaning
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stressors In The Shelter • Confined/restricted space • Disruption of social bonds • Over-stimulation • ‘Boredom’/lack of mental stimulation • Disruption of sleep – Day-night cycles HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stressors in the Shelter Smells – Urine, feces, animals disinfectants Social stress / threats line of sight Can’t eliminate outside Or preferred substrate
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stressors in the Shelter • • • •
Lack of control Can’t escape/hide Unpredictability Barren environment – Lack of comfort
• Being handled by unfamiliar people • Disruption of routines – Absence of the familiar HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stressors In The Shelter • Insufficient exercise • Can’t express range of behaviors • Noise
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stressors In The Shelter • Change in diet • Nothing to chew • No separation of functional space • Crowding
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Successful Enrichment: • Must know what species typical behaviors are • Must know what behavioral needs are • Understand stress and stressors • Take into account individual differences • Must know how to recognize consequences of needs not being met HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Sources of Individual Variation • Experience – Early - socialization – Later learning
• Gender • Age • Health status
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Sources of Individual Variation • Genetic predispositions – Breed, Individual – Interact with environment
• In individual animal cannot say “Behavior A is 60% genetic and 40% environment”
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Successful Enrichment: • Must know what species typical behaviors are • Must know what behavioral needs are • Understand stress and stressors • Take into account individual differences • Must know how to recognize consequences of needs not being met – stressors and stress HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
How Do Cats and Dogs React to Stressors? • Species, breed, and individual differences • Depends on the stressor • Depends on options available HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stress Related Behaviors • Threats and aggression
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stress Related Behaviors • Attempts to escape • Shift in frequencies (excessively high or low) of normal behaviors • Excessive (?) vocalizations – Barking, whining, yelping, howling – Meowing, yowling HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Signs Of Stress In Dogs • Fearful behavior – Body postures – Drooling – Panting – Shaking – Whining – Elimination – Freezing HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Signs of Fear in Cats • Twitching, swishing tail • Rapid change of ear carriage • Freezing
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Signs of Fear in Cats • • • •
Tense body Paws, tail tucked in Hiding Dilated eyes
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Signs Of Stress In Dogs • Conflict behaviors – Displacement behaviors
yawning
grooming
lip licking HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com Drawings – Rugaas, T. 1997 ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Signs Of Stress In Dogs • Other displacement behaviors
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stress Related Behaviors • Abnormal behavior – Self-injurious behaviors – Repetitive behaviors – Stereotypies
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stress Related Behaviors • Feigned sleep – This is not rest – Don’t be fooled! – Sleep disturbances – For dogs, “nodding off” may be displacement
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stress Related Behaviors • Behavioral depression – Less eating, drinking, grooming, playing – Withdrawal – Lack of normal behaviors
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
Making the Shelter Behaviorally Friendly; Enrichment options
Stress Related Behaviors • Hiding/ Avoidance • Freezing, Immobility • Not eating, “compulsive” eating
HelpingFido.com HelpingFido.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com BehaviorEducationNetwork.com
HelpingKitty.com HelpingKitty.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com ©AnimalBehaviorAssociates.com
