RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
www.agrarianstudies.org
January 25, 2012
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
January 25, 2012
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Introduction
Study villages
Location and agro-ecology of study village
Project on Agrarian Relations in India http://www.agrarianstudies.org
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
January 25, 2012
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Introduction
Study villages
Location and agro-ecology of study village
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
January 25, 2012
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Introduction
Study villages
Village-wise averages
Table 1: Average Gross value added, cost A2 and net income or farm business income per hectare, selected villages (in rupees, current prices) Village Ananthavaram Bukkacherla Kothapalle Harevli Mahatwar Warwat Khanderao Nimshirgaon
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
GVO per hectare 180079 40391 56331 106290 57231 62042 117909
Cost A2 per hectare 152629 35481 41881 74926 44476 29558 63201
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Net income per hectare 27453 4902 14453 31367 12755 32484 54708
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Crop-wise comparison with CACP Estimates
Andhra Pradesh
Gross value of output per hectare
Table 2: Gross value of output per hectare, Ananthavaram, Bukkacherla, Kothapalle and Andhra Pradesh, 2005-06 Crop Paddy Groundnut and intercrops Maize Black gram
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Ananthavaram 30193 – 29599 10956
Bukkacherla 30530 12583 – –
Kothapalle 30403 – 13103 –
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Andhra Pradesh 32108 15349 20940 26457
January 25, 2012
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Crop-wise comparison with CACP Estimates
Andhra Pradesh
Net income over cost A2 per hectare
Table 3: Net income over Cost A2 per hectare, Ananthavaram, Bukkacherla, Kothapalle and Andhra Pradesh, 2005-06 Crop Paddy Groundnut and intercrops Maize Black gram
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Ananthavaram 1880
Bukkacherla 2275 2880
Kothapalle 8325
4619 921
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
1538
Andhra Pradesh 15788 3643 10304 21152
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Crop-wise comparison with CACP Estimates
Uttar Pradesh
Gross value of output per hectare
Table 4: Gross value of output per hectare, Harevli, Mahatwar and Uttar Pradesh, 2005-06 Crop Paddy Wheat Wheat+rapeseed Sugarcane (planted crop) Sugarcane (first ratoon)
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Harevli 35437 – – 62328 51899
Mahatwar 7883 15504 15916 – –
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Uttar Pradesh 20742 25325 – 70853 –
January 25, 2012
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Crop-wise comparison with CACP Estimates
Uttar Pradesh
Net income over cost A2 per hectare
Table 5: Net income over cost A2 per hectare, Harevli, Mahatwar and Uttar Pradesh, 2005-06 Crop Paddy Wheat Wheat+rapeseed Sugarcane (planted crop) Sugarcane (first ratoon)
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Harevli 9107 – – 18555 29687
Mahatwar -661 4545 6564 – –
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Uttar Pradesh 10052 12736 – 54129 –
January 25, 2012
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Crop-wise comparison with CACP Estimates
Maharashtra
Gross value of output per hectare
Table 6: Gross value of output per hectare, Warwat Khanderao, Nimshirgaon and Maharashtra, 2006-07 Crop Sugarcane (planted crop) Sugarcane (first ratoon) Cotton Cotton intercropped with other crops Jowar
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Warwat Khanderao – – 27270 26156 –
Nimshirgaon 77621 69801 – – 16528
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Maharashtra 84827 – 20518 – 15265
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Crop-wise comparison with CACP Estimates
Maharashtra
Net income over cost A2 per hectare
Table 7: Net income over cost A2 per hectare, Warwat Khanderao, Nimshirgaon and Maharashtra, 2006-07 Crop Sugarcane (planted crop) Sugarcane (first ratoon) Cotton Cotton intercropped with other crops Jowar
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Warwat Khanderao – – 13086 14040 –
Nimshirgaon 33514 42903 – – 9202
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Maharashtra 35860 – 5723 – 5771
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Variations by scale
Mahatwar
Mahatwar: Annual incomes
Table 8: Average GVO, Cost A2 and FBI per hectare of operational holding by category, Mahatwar village Class Landlord Peasant: 1 Peasant: 2 Peasant: 3 Hired manual workers
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
GVO per hectare 21068 34221 25073 22427 23437
Cost A2 per hectare 12921 17028 16447 20643 18078
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Net income per hectare 8149 17191 8626 1782 5360
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Variations by scale
Mahatwar
Mahatwar: Income from major crops
Table 9: Net income from major crops, by category, Mahatwar (Rupees per hectare) Class Landlord Peasant: 1 Peasant: 2 Peasant: 3 Hired manual workers
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Paddy 3673 -770 169 -1325 -709
Wheat 5680 13026 5617 3199 5726
Intercropped wheat and rapeseed 7508 16076 6518 3089 9120
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
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Variations by scale
Mahatwar
Mahatwar: Cropping pattern
Table 10: Proportion of gross cropped area sown with different crops, Mahatwar
Crops
Cereals (paddy) Wheat and intercrops Sugarcane Fodder crops Other crops
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Landlord
Peasant: 1
Peasant: 2
Peasant: 3
Hired manual workers
44 42 3 2 9
34 40 10 5 11
44 42 7 2 5
50 48 0 0 2
55 43 0 0 2
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
All households 45 43 4 2 6
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Variations by scale
Harevli
Harevli: Annual incomes per hectare
Table 11: Average GVO, Cost A2 and FBI per hectare of operational holding by category, Harevli village Class Landlord Peasant: 1 Peasant: 2 Peasant: 3 Hired manual workers
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
GVO per hectare 50307 53463 47979 36887 33648
Cost A2 per hectare 29005 25644 28145 33492 33534
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Net income per hectare 21302 27819 19835 3395 114
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Variations by scale
Harevli
Harevli: Income from major crops
Table 12: Net income from major crops, by category, Harevli (Rupees per hectare) Class Landlord Peasant: 1 Peasant: 2 Peasant: 3 Hired manual workers
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Sugarcane (planted crop) 24973 32123 17945 7017 –
Sugarcane (first ratoon) 32451 41843 31617 15520 –
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Paddy 2417 25353 22584 2440 7391
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Variations by scale
Harevli
Harevli: Cropping pattern
Table 13: Proportion of gross cropped area sown with different crops, Harevli Crops
Sugarcane Cereals (paddy) Wheat and intercrops Fodder crops Other crops
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Landlord
Peasant: 1
Peasant: 2
Peasant: 3
61 3 24 12 0
62 1 21 15 1
56 6 24 14 0
17 56 18 4 5
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Hired manual workers 0 90 0 10 0
All households 55 9 22 13 1
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Variations by scale
Warwat Khanderao
Warwat Khanderao: Annual incomes per hectare
Table 14: Average GVO, Cost A2 and FBI per hectare of operational holding by category, Warwat Khanderao village Class Landlord Peasant: 1 Peasant: 2 Peasant: 3 Hired manual workers
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
GVO per hectare 43606 37619 27485 26561 16183
Cost A2 per hectare 22728 16457 13030 11302 9239
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Net income per hectare 20877 21162 14455 15258 6944
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Variations by scale
Warwat Khanderao
Warwat Khanderao: Cropping pattern
Table 15: Proportion of gross cropped area sown with different crops, Warwat Khanderao Crops
Cotton (standalone) Cotton (intercropped)* Millets, pulses, oilseeds** Wheat Fruits and vegetables Fodder crops
Landlord
Peasant: 1
Peasant: 2
Peasant: 3
34 30 32 2 2 0
9 62 23 5 1 0
22 60 16 1 0 1
9 77 12 1 1 0
Hired manual workers 6 87 8 0 0 0
All households 16 64 17 2 1 0
Notes: * Includes cotton intercropped with millets, pulses and oilseeds. ** Includes standalone crops and inter-crops of millets, pulses and oilseeds (excluding land on which these crops were intercropped with cotton).
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
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Variations by scale
Nimshirgaon
Nimshirgaon: Annual incomes per hectare
Table 16: Average GVO, Cost A2 and FBI per hectare of operational holding by category, Nimshirgaon village Class Landlord Peasant: 1 Peasant: 2 Peasant: 3 Hired manual workers
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
GVO per hectare 130202 89430 59272 42771 24735
Cost A2 per hectare 52788 56467 26539 23714 17080
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Net income per hectare 77414 32963 32733 19056 7658
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Variations by scale
Nimshirgaon
Nimshirgaon: Cropping pattern
Table 17: Proportion of gross cropped area sown with different crops, Nimshirgaon
Crops
Landlord
Peasant: 1
Peasant: 2
Peasant: 3
Hired manual workers
24 25
41 18
37 4
18 7
2 7
All households 31 8
0 21 17 2 0 11
2 14 11 6 1 9
2 16 21 7 2 10
1 19 25 11 1 16
3 35 27 10 9 6
2 18 21 7 2 9
Sugarcane Fruits, vegetables and flowers Wheat Millets Soyabean Groundnut Pulses Other crops
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
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Variations by scale
GVO per hectare and Operational holding
GVO per hectare and Operational holding Ananthavaram
Bukkacherla
●
40000
20000
300000
30000
15000
200000
20000
10000
100000 0
●●● ●●● ●● ● ●●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●●●● ● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ●●● ● ●
10000 ●● ●
10
Value_of_output_total
Kothapalle
●
400000
●
●
●
●
●
20 30 Harevli
40
20
●
20000 10000
5000 ●
40
10
25000
● ●
15000 ● ●●
●
10000 5000
● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ●●● ●●●● ● ●● ● ●● ●
20000
●
15000 ●
●
●
10000 5000
●
0
●
20 30 Nimshirgaon
40
5
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ●● ● ●● ● ● ●
10
15
20
25
●
●
●● ●● ●
5 30000
●
20000 ● ● ● ●●● ● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●
0
● ●
60 80 100 120 140 Mahatwar
●
25000
40000 30000
0
●●● ● ●●●●● ● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ●● ● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ●
●
10 15 20 25 Warwat Khanderao
30
● ●
●
●
● ● ●●● ●● ●● ● ●●● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●●●●● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
20
● ●
40
60
80
●
120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0
●
●
●
● ● ●● ●● ●●●● ● ●● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ● ●●● ● ● ●● ● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ●
10
● ●
20
30
40
50
Operational.holding
Figure 1: Relationship between GVO per hectare and operational holding of land (www.agrarianstudies.org)
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
January 25, 2012
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Composition of incomes of households belonging to different classes
Composition of incomes
Composition of incomes, landlord households
Table 18: Share of different sources in total income, landlord households
Village Ananthavaram Bukkacherla Harevli Kothapalle Mahatwar Nimshirgaon Warwat Khanderao
Crop production 32 5 38 9 24 79 40
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Rent from land 33 17 7 0 2 0 1
Animals 13 5 5 9 18 4 2
Wage labour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Salaried jobs 2 23 7 0 0 3 0
Businesses 7 21 5 75 31 14 51
January 25, 2012
Other 13 30 38 5 25 0 6
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Composition of incomes of households belonging to different classes
Composition of incomes
Composition of incomes, Peasant (1) households
Table 19: Share of different sources in total income, peasant (1) households
Village Ananthavaram Bukkacherla Harevli Kothapalle Mahatwar Nimshirgaon Warwat Khanderao
Crop production 79 55 62 46 23 48 71
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Rent from land 7 7 8 3 0 0 2
Animals 10 23 9 34 3 19 6
Wage labour 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Salaried jobs 0 15 1 0 0 16 10
Businesses 0 0 3 13 3 10 1
January 25, 2012
Other 3 0 18 3 71 7 9
23 / 26
Composition of incomes of households belonging to different classes
Composition of incomes
Composition of incomes, Peasant (2) households
Table 20: Share of different sources in total income, peasant (2) households
Village Ananthavaram Bukkacherla Harevli Kothapalle Mahatwar Nimshirgaon Warwat Khanderao
Crop production 36 35 61 6 26 41 70
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Rent from land 2 0 5 0 0 0 3
Animals 46 35 15 55 20 13 11
Wage labour 9 15 2 14 1 5 1
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Salaried jobs 2 0 9 12 5 9 6
Businesses 1 4 1 0 8 11 8
January 25, 2012
Other 3 12 8 13 27 21 1
24 / 26
Composition of incomes of households belonging to different classes
Composition of incomes
Composition of incomes, Peasant (3) households
Table 21: Share of different sources in total income, peasant (3) households
Village Ananthavaram Bukkacherla Harevli Kothapalle Mahatwar Nimshirgaon Warwat Khanderao
Crop production -6 15 8 26 3 25 58
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Rent from land 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Animals 47 30 18 51 14 38 15
Wage labour 51 28 68 12 32 30 16
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Salaried jobs 6 0 0 12 1 0 1
Businesses 0 26 1 0 10 3 4
January 25, 2012
Other 1 1 4 0 40 5 4
25 / 26
Composition of incomes of households belonging to different classes
Composition of incomes
Composition of incomes, hired manual worker households
Table 22: Share of different sources in total income, hired manual worker households
Village Ananthavaram Bukkacherla Harevli Kothapalle Mahatwar Nimshirgaon Warwat Khanderao
Crop production 1 15 1 1 1 0 11
(www.agrarianstudies.org)
Rent from land 0 3 0 0 0 0 1
Animals 5 3 14 13 7 8 4
Wage labour 81 62 74 41 31 89 76
RETURNS FROM CROP PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Salaried jobs 6 12 2 22 0 1 0
Businesses 5 0 0 2 0 1 5
January 25, 2012
Other 1 5 8 21 58 1 3
26 / 26