Room Temperature Variation
The Beaton Residence An Impromptu Passive House
Paul W Panish
Beaton Residence, Shrewsbury MA Architect
Mark Yanowitz Verdeco Designs, LLC
Builder/Owner
Matthew Beaton Beaton Construction, LLC
Passive House Consultants
Paul W Panish DEAP Energy Group, LLC
Synopsis • Project Sequence • Ramifications of accelerated planning and on-the-fly design • Building Characteristics • Performance (May – September 2011) • Issues to be confronted
Initial Design Concept • Deep Porch Overhang, Shading to South
• Self Shading 'L' Building Shape • Glazing Balance • Full Basement – partial living space • Central Mass Wall – Thermal Bridge
Revised Design Proposal
•
Retained high ceilings on first floor.
•
Mass wall in basement removed.
•
Reduced number of doors. Adjusted glazing balance, reduced number of glazed units on non-southerly exposures.
•
Rear porch modified to all-season enclosed design with chunk-wood stove (not within thermal envelope, usable as heating source)
Comparative Demand Initial Design Specific Space Heat Demand: Pressurization Test Result:
5.55 0.6
kBTU/(ft²yr)
4.50
ACH50
0.49
kBTU/(ft²yr)
36.0
kBTU/(ft²yr)
25.4
Specific Primary Energy Demand (DHW, Heating, Cooling, Auxiliary and Household Electricity):
Specific Primary Energy Demand (DHW, Heating and Auxiliary Electricity):
Specific Primary Energy Demand Energy Conservation by Solar Electricity:
kBTU/(ft²yr)
Heating Load:
0 4
Frequency of Overheating:
37
%
Cooling Load:
BTU/(ft2hr) kBTU/(ft²yr)
Specific Useful Cooling Energy Demand:
2
Final Design
BTU/(ft2hr)
3.78 1.19 1.58
Footing Support and Insulation Detail
Construction Details Envelope
Basement Foundation Walls Slab Floor First Floor Framed Walls Second Floor Framed Walls Ceiling (main) Glazing
North, East, West, AGC Comfort E2 Triple-2 Argon S.S. South AGC Comfort E2 Triple-1 Argon S.S. South Doors Thermotech 322 Gain Ventilation Recoupaerator 200 DX , 82.5% Effective
Heating and Cooling System Mitsubishi MXZ-3A30NA, 2 Heads, Non-Ducted
IP (R-Value) 51.8 41.3 65.7 58.2 126.2
(*80)
IP (U)
SHGC
0.13 0.16 0.16
0.55 0.64 0.61
IP (CFM)
139 HSPF Zone IV (V) 10 (7.5)
SEER 16
Summer Solstice
Monitoring System Electrical Powerhouse Dynamics eMonitor™ • 24 Circuits, Insufficient to cover entire electrical panel • Homeowner installed (cost saving measure) • Plan to monitor most heavily used circuits
Environmental Onset Hobo™ Data Loggers • Temperature/Humidity Only • 6 Interior locations on all floors plus ambient exterior conditions
Room Temperature Variation 90
85
80
Temperature
75 Living Room Master Bedroom 70
South Bedroom Basement
65
Master Bath
60
55
50 26-Feb
18-Mar
7-Apr
27-Apr
17-May
6-Jun
26-Jun
16-Jul
5-Aug
25-Aug
14-Sep
ASHRAE Comfort Zone Living Room Comfort Zone April - August 100
90 80
70
RH %
60 Temp/RH
50
Clo 1.0 40
Clo 0.5
30 20
10 0 55
60
65
70 Temp
75
80
85
Cooling Demand vs Ambient Temp 100
1400 90 80
1200
70 60 800 50 40
600
30 400
20 200
10 0 3/18
4/7
4/27
5/17
6/6
6/26
7/16
8/5
8/25
9/14
0 10/4
Watt Hours
Temperature
1000
Ambient Temp
Living Room Temp Heat Pump
May – September Projected vs Actual Consumption Percent of Projected Demand 5%
Projected vs Actual Consumption
Cooling 49%
DHW Electricity (Aux+Plug)
kWh
46%
Percent of Actual Demand 14%
3821
Cooling DHW Electricity (Aux+Plug)
1801
1700 737
891
194 Cooling
16%
70%
4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DHW
Electricity (Aux+Plug)
Projected Energy for Period Actual Consumption kWh
Significant Loads by Month 350.0
300.0
250.0
May
200.0 kWh
June July 150.0
August September
100.0
50.0
0.0 DHW
Heat Pump
Dryer
ERV
Office
LR/TV
Sump
Refrig
Lights
Non-Mon
Excess Consumption Evaluation • • • •
ERV – 72% Refrigeration – 104% Clothes Drying – 75% Lighting – 560% (definite problem, but not a dominant load) • Consumer Appliances/Entertainment • Unmonitored Loads – Comparable to Appliance/Entertainment Load
Entertainment/Consumer Appliance Loads Large Screen Plasma Television with DVR • 600 Watts powered on (average 6 hours/day) • 100 Watts idle (DVR, Network…)
Other Plug Loads • Office Equipment • Misc. Household
Unmonitored Loads Induction Cooktop and Oven (Aux. Energy) Freezer not accounted for in planning Transfer of Sump to Unmonitored Circuit Basement Dehumidifier – Subjective need? 100 90
Basement Humidity
80 Percent RH
• • • •
70 60 50 40 30 2/26
4/17
6/6
7/26
9/14
Additional Internal Loads and Cooling • Internal Load Comparison PHPP Default 2.1 W/sq.m. = 0.67 Btu/hr-sq.ft. = 0.195 W/sq.ft. Total Int. Load Modeled = 621 Watts Continuous Actual Internal Loads Actual Load as Measured = 1061 Watts Continuous Over 5 months @ COP of 4 = 396 additional kWh of cooling (out of 737 kWh total)
Projected Energy Consumption Assuming no Changes Modified Yearly Estimates Cooling Heating DHW Electrical
Projected Annual Current Actual % Consumption PHPP kWh/yr of Projected kWh/yr 197 379% 746 1911 100% 1911 4861 52% 2547 4323 212% 9169
Total Projected Annual Site Energy
14,373
Total Projected Annual Primary Source Energy
38,808 kWh/sq.ft.-yr
Normalized Primary Energy Values
kBtu/sq.ft-yr
12.2
41.6
Solutions and Approaches to Passive House Load Issues
HVAC Loads • Heating and cooling loads no longer dominate consumption with advanced envelope design. • Small high efficiency mini-split based systems provide uniform temperatures and superior latent extraction. • High efficiency ERV/HRV systems provide fresh air and heat recovery with improved IAQ.
Site Specific Considerations • Ground Water – Test for ground water, consider alternatives to basements. – When all else fails, high efficiency 2 stage pumping solution.
• Shading – Ensure exterior shading elements, natural vegetation, arbors, or architectural elements.
• Solar DHW and PV
Electrical Load Modeling Estimates Thomas Green from an interview with Martin Holladay, Green Building Advisor:
“At the Riverdale NetZero project in Edmonton… Energy use for lights and appliances was more than predicted. …These days, new homes have a lot of lights. Our models may not accurately account for modern lifestyles with modern electronics. Homeowners are not necessarily being as energy efficient as predicted.”
Lighting Loads • Develop lighting strategies making efficient use of daylighting, area, and task lighting. • Provide separate controls, located appropriately, for distinct areas and tasks. • Consider intelligent controls where applicable. • Owner education
Entertainment/IT Loads • Owner education is critical. • New purchases should emphasize efficient devices with energy saving features and little or no phantom loads. • Existing equipment can be controlled using occupancy and idle sensing power strips. • Computing equipment should be configured to shut down after a period of inactivity. • Determine if clients would be amenable to, and influenced by, energy monitoring solutions. • Kill the TV… (to some extent we’re stuck with itZ)
Solutions – Misc. Loads • Environmental and IAQ Concerns – Visual display or active alarms of problems such as excess humidity, CO2 or excess power consumption issues.
• Legacy appliance ROI analysis
Thanks for your attention. Paul W Panish DEAP Energy Group www.deapgroup.com
Paul W Panish
Beaton Residence, Shrewsbury MA Architect
Mark Yanowitz Verdeco Designs, LLC
Builder/Owner
Matthew Beaton Beaton Construction, LLC
Passive House Consultants
Paul W Panish DEAP Energy Group, LLC
Synopsis • Project Sequence • Ramifications of accelerated planning and on-the-fly design • Building Characteristics • Performance (May – September 2011) • Issues to be confronted
Initial Design Concept • Deep Porch Overhang, Shading to South
• Self Shading 'L' Building Shape • Glazing Balance • Full Basement – partial living space • Central Mass Wall – Thermal Bridge
Revised Design Proposal
•
Retained high ceilings on first floor.
•
Mass wall in basement removed.
•
Reduced number of doors. Adjusted glazing balance, reduced number of glazed units on non-southerly exposures.
•
Rear porch modified to all-season enclosed design with chunk-wood stove (not within thermal envelope, usable as heating source)
Comparative Demand Initial Design Specific Space Heat Demand: Pressurization Test Result:
5.55 0.6
kBTU/(ft²yr)
4.50
ACH50
0.49
kBTU/(ft²yr)
36.0
kBTU/(ft²yr)
25.4
Specific Primary Energy Demand (DHW, Heating, Cooling, Auxiliary and Household Electricity):
Specific Primary Energy Demand (DHW, Heating and Auxiliary Electricity):
Specific Primary Energy Demand Energy Conservation by Solar Electricity:
kBTU/(ft²yr)
Heating Load:
0 4
Frequency of Overheating:
37
%
Cooling Load:
BTU/(ft2hr) kBTU/(ft²yr)
Specific Useful Cooling Energy Demand:
2
Final Design
BTU/(ft2hr)
3.78 1.19 1.58
Footing Support and Insulation Detail
Construction Details Envelope
Basement Foundation Walls Slab Floor First Floor Framed Walls Second Floor Framed Walls Ceiling (main) Glazing
North, East, West, AGC Comfort E2 Triple-2 Argon S.S. South AGC Comfort E2 Triple-1 Argon S.S. South Doors Thermotech 322 Gain Ventilation Recoupaerator 200 DX , 82.5% Effective
Heating and Cooling System Mitsubishi MXZ-3A30NA, 2 Heads, Non-Ducted
IP (R-Value) 51.8 41.3 65.7 58.2 126.2
(*80)
IP (U)
SHGC
0.13 0.16 0.16
0.55 0.64 0.61
IP (CFM)
139 HSPF Zone IV (V) 10 (7.5)
SEER 16
Summer Solstice
Monitoring System Electrical Powerhouse Dynamics eMonitor™ • 24 Circuits, Insufficient to cover entire electrical panel • Homeowner installed (cost saving measure) • Plan to monitor most heavily used circuits
Environmental Onset Hobo™ Data Loggers • Temperature/Humidity Only • 6 Interior locations on all floors plus ambient exterior conditions
Room Temperature Variation 90
85
80
Temperature
75 Living Room Master Bedroom 70
South Bedroom Basement
65
Master Bath
60
55
50 26-Feb
18-Mar
7-Apr
27-Apr
17-May
6-Jun
26-Jun
16-Jul
5-Aug
25-Aug
14-Sep
ASHRAE Comfort Zone Living Room Comfort Zone April - August 100
90 80
70
RH %
60 Temp/RH
50
Clo 1.0 40
Clo 0.5
30 20
10 0 55
60
65
70 Temp
75
80
85
Cooling Demand vs Ambient Temp 100
1400 90 80
1200
70 60 800 50 40
600
30 400
20 200
10 0 3/18
4/7
4/27
5/17
6/6
6/26
7/16
8/5
8/25
9/14
0 10/4
Watt Hours
Temperature
1000
Ambient Temp
Living Room Temp Heat Pump
May – September Projected vs Actual Consumption Percent of Projected Demand 5%
Projected vs Actual Consumption
Cooling 49%
DHW Electricity (Aux+Plug)
kWh
46%
Percent of Actual Demand 14%
3821
Cooling DHW Electricity (Aux+Plug)
1801
1700 737
891
194 Cooling
16%
70%
4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DHW
Electricity (Aux+Plug)
Projected Energy for Period Actual Consumption kWh
Significant Loads by Month 350.0
300.0
250.0
May
200.0 kWh
June July 150.0
August September
100.0
50.0
0.0 DHW
Heat Pump
Dryer
ERV
Office
LR/TV
Sump
Refrig
Lights
Non-Mon
Excess Consumption Evaluation • • • •
ERV – 72% Refrigeration – 104% Clothes Drying – 75% Lighting – 560% (definite problem, but not a dominant load) • Consumer Appliances/Entertainment • Unmonitored Loads – Comparable to Appliance/Entertainment Load
Entertainment/Consumer Appliance Loads Large Screen Plasma Television with DVR • 600 Watts powered on (average 6 hours/day) • 100 Watts idle (DVR, Network…)
Other Plug Loads • Office Equipment • Misc. Household
Unmonitored Loads Induction Cooktop and Oven (Aux. Energy) Freezer not accounted for in planning Transfer of Sump to Unmonitored Circuit Basement Dehumidifier – Subjective need? 100 90
Basement Humidity
80 Percent RH
• • • •
70 60 50 40 30 2/26
4/17
6/6
7/26
9/14
Additional Internal Loads and Cooling • Internal Load Comparison PHPP Default 2.1 W/sq.m. = 0.67 Btu/hr-sq.ft. = 0.195 W/sq.ft. Total Int. Load Modeled = 621 Watts Continuous Actual Internal Loads Actual Load as Measured = 1061 Watts Continuous Over 5 months @ COP of 4 = 396 additional kWh of cooling (out of 737 kWh total)
Projected Energy Consumption Assuming no Changes Modified Yearly Estimates Cooling Heating DHW Electrical
Projected Annual Current Actual % Consumption PHPP kWh/yr of Projected kWh/yr 197 379% 746 1911 100% 1911 4861 52% 2547 4323 212% 9169
Total Projected Annual Site Energy
14,373
Total Projected Annual Primary Source Energy
38,808 kWh/sq.ft.-yr
Normalized Primary Energy Values
kBtu/sq.ft-yr
12.2
41.6
Solutions and Approaches to Passive House Load Issues
HVAC Loads • Heating and cooling loads no longer dominate consumption with advanced envelope design. • Small high efficiency mini-split based systems provide uniform temperatures and superior latent extraction. • High efficiency ERV/HRV systems provide fresh air and heat recovery with improved IAQ.
Site Specific Considerations • Ground Water – Test for ground water, consider alternatives to basements. – When all else fails, high efficiency 2 stage pumping solution.
• Shading – Ensure exterior shading elements, natural vegetation, arbors, or architectural elements.
• Solar DHW and PV
Electrical Load Modeling Estimates Thomas Green from an interview with Martin Holladay, Green Building Advisor:
“At the Riverdale NetZero project in Edmonton… Energy use for lights and appliances was more than predicted. …These days, new homes have a lot of lights. Our models may not accurately account for modern lifestyles with modern electronics. Homeowners are not necessarily being as energy efficient as predicted.”
Lighting Loads • Develop lighting strategies making efficient use of daylighting, area, and task lighting. • Provide separate controls, located appropriately, for distinct areas and tasks. • Consider intelligent controls where applicable. • Owner education
Entertainment/IT Loads • Owner education is critical. • New purchases should emphasize efficient devices with energy saving features and little or no phantom loads. • Existing equipment can be controlled using occupancy and idle sensing power strips. • Computing equipment should be configured to shut down after a period of inactivity. • Determine if clients would be amenable to, and influenced by, energy monitoring solutions. • Kill the TV… (to some extent we’re stuck with itZ)
Solutions – Misc. Loads • Environmental and IAQ Concerns – Visual display or active alarms of problems such as excess humidity, CO2 or excess power consumption issues.
• Legacy appliance ROI analysis
Thanks for your attention. Paul W Panish DEAP Energy Group www.deapgroup.com
