During this 8 week period students will be studying the following subject areas in Chemistry. Students will be assessed on these topics at regular intervals. Rates of Reaction - Being able to speed up or slow down chemical reactions is important in everyday life and in industry. Changes in temperature, concentration of solution, gas pressure, surface area of solids and the presence of catalysts all affect the rates of reaction. Catalysts can help to reduce the cost of some industrial processes. Exothermic and endothermic reactions Chemical reactions involve energy transfers. Many chemical reactions involve the release of energy. For other chemical reactions to occur, energy must be supplied. Acids, bases and salts Soluble salts can be made from acids and insoluble salts can be made from solutions of ions. When acids and alkalis react the result is a neutralisation reaction. Electrolysis - Ionic compounds have many uses and can provide other substances. Electrolysis is used to produce alkalis and elements such as aluminium, chlorine and hydrogen. By the end of the week all students should be able to do the following: Interpret graphs showing the amount of product formed (or reactant used up) with time, in terms of the rate of the reaction. Explain how temperature, particle size and concentration affects the rate of a reaction using collision theory to explain the change in terms of particle behaviour. Explain how changing pressure and using a catalyst affects the rate of a reaction.
Homework: Complete past paper questions on rates of reaction.
By the end of this week students should be able to do the following: Describe the differences between exothermic and endothermic reactions and name several exothermic reactions. Explain self-heating cans / hand warmers, and sports injury packs in simple terms and evaluate everyday uses of exothermic and endothermic reactions. Revision for end of sub-topic assessment.
Homework: Revision for end of sub-topic assessment.
By the end of this week students should be able to do the following: Describe how to make a salt from a metal + acid and why this releases hydrogen gas. Explain the difference between a base and an alkali. Describe neutralisation in terms of hydrogen ions reacting with hydroxide ions to form water. Describe how to make a soluble salt from an insoluble base.
Homework:
By the end of this week students should be able to do the following: Suggest methods and starting substances to make a named soluble salt. Explain what precipitation is, and how it can be used to make insoluble salts. Name the substances needed to make a named insoluble salt. Revision activities for end of sub-topic assessment.
Homework:
Write a fully detailed report of the practical session carried out to make a salt.
Revise all reactions to make salts so far, include writing word and symbol equation (if not already done) for each one, including the state symbols.
By the end of this week students should be able to do the following: Discuss what happens when we pass an electric current through a solution of a salt. Predict the products of electrolysing solutions of ions. Discuss relating to ions, movement and attraction to the positive and negative electrodes, drawing diagrams to explain. Discuss: Uses of electroplating including silver and copper.
Homework:
By the end of this week students should be able to do the following: Describe how aluminium is extracted by electrolysis. Explain why cryolite is added to make the aluminium oxide melt at a lower temperature. Explain why salt is an important raw material. Describe how we get sodium, hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide from salt.
Homework:
By the end of this week students should be able to do the following: Revision activities to summarise the whole of module 2 (C2) in preparation for mock GCSE exam in this module. Activities will include using different revision strategies. Looking at past papers to allow students to get a feel for what type of questions they will receive and how best to tackle them.
Homework:
By the end of this week students should be able to do the following: Revision for end of module test (mock exam). Mock exam.
Homework:
Complete a worksheet naming the reactants needed to make a named insoluble salt, and given the reactants, name the insoluble salt produced.
Draw a poster explaining how aluminium is extracted from its ore using electrolysis.