security
INSTRUMENTALIZATION MANUAL
ORGANIZATION A001
PANOPTICON CENTRAL PLAN
Window
(The windows are placed in thick walls allowing light to enter but limiting view.)
The Panopticon Jeremy Bentham Concept Design 1791 England
Corridor
Watch Tower (The watch tower allows full view of all cells.)
Open Void
(The open void through the whole building creates a separation between the cells and the central core.)
Cell
Dividing Wall
Bentham’s Panoptic design focused on a highly elaborate idea of surveillance. The goal was not to only survey the prisoners but also create a system where the guards are not visible to the prisoners. This would allow for an environment where the prisoners are always at a state of ignorance, unaware of whether they are being watched or not. In conclusion the prisoners would always be cautious of their actions, but this always allows for the guards to not be present, establishing an environment where the prisoners guard themselves.
A002
ALCATRAZ COMPACT PLAN
Catwalks Above
Corridor
Maximum Security
Balcony
(The Balcony is used as a watched tower, but unlike a watch tower it is limited for that it only gives vision access in one axes.)
Alcatraz Island “The Rock” Architect: U.S. Army, Bureau of Prisons Location: San Francisco , California, USA Dates: Military Prison (1868) Federal Prison 1933-1963 In 1972, Alcatraz became a national recreation area and received designation as a National Historic Landmark in 1986.
Cell
Window
(The windows are not attached to the cell walls, thus limiting the prisoners access, but also allowing light to enter the structure.)
The Alcatraz prison is known to be much reliant on the inaccessibility to the island. Although the organization of the plan still implements a repetitive concept that enforces control. Long corridors and the visibility of cells still seems to be a strong requirement. Alcatraz takes it a step further by allowing no cells to have access to windows. The cells are centered in rows and then surrounded by a heavy concrete wall which includes windows to the exterior, creating an outer shell for the prison.
A003
TRIANGULATED PLAN
Courtyard
Corridor
(The courtyard is protected by the surrounding cells, making the exterior a more secure space than the interior.)
(The second floor corridors also serve as a balcony, which in result serve as watch towers for the triangle courtyards.)
Cell
The triangulated plan seems to cater more to Bentham’s idea of cell organization. It allows for surveillance of linear cells but also a secondary surveillance of opposite cells. The difference lies in lack of central control, but that is also considered in the use of the central space as a courtyard. Placing the prisoners as the central point, and being surveyed from above soundings.
A004
FORT LEAVENWORTH BRANCHING PLAN
Administration
(The administration is located at the entrance, but also the central area of the building. This allows for better supervision of all the cell blocks.)
Rotunda
Mess Hall
Cells Kitchen
U.S. Disciplinarry Barracks Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
(The cells are organized in a linear pattern allowing for one point of visual access. The cells are also sepearated from the exterior walls, limiting the prisoners to outside interaction.)
The U.S. Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth utilizes both the Panopticon central organization and a linear organization to create a hybrid that enforces a central power but also allows for a division of power. This allows for a system of control that can divide its power to accommodate different situations.
SECURITY B001
ELECTRIC LOCK
Security Screws
(Special screws are used that require specific screw heads.)
Paracentic Lock
(These locks are added for manual override.)
Deadlatch Bolt
Roller Bolt
Maximum Security
Locks are a representation of security, in prisons that idea becomes very critical. The lock becomes an object that represents not only safety but also control. Establishing ones safety might be a concept that lacks stability, but the control of other can start to create some assurance to developing such status. That object’s status in the everyday world is at that point much different from its status in an institution. Its status in everyday life depends much more on its existence, where in an institution its status depends much more on its efficiency.
B002
ELECTRIC LOCK 2
Roller Bolt
Paracentic Lock
(These locks are added for manual override.)
Deadlatch Bolt
Mounting Plate
Medium Security
Used for inmate cells and visitation areas. Not for use in maximum security cells.
B003
MECHANICAL CREMONE TYPE
Exterior Door
These doors are used for entrances to the exterior, built out of steel and installed into structural concrete wall.
B004
MECHANICAL CREMONE TYPE
Paracentric Lock
(These locks are added for manual override.)
Security Screws
(Special screws are used that require specific screw heads.)
Handel
Latch
[The latch locks into a housing secured into concrete floor]
Mechanical Lock for Exterior Door
SURVEILLANCE C001
CAMERA+HOUSING
Security Camera Housing
It seems that technology is today’s new watch tower. A concept that offers full surveillance without the individual being there. Similar to that described by Bentham. Having full power over various subjects, absence interaction and or even knowledge. What is also intriguing is that its exposure does not deteriorate its power, instead it validates it. Informing the subject that are being surveyed.
C003
BALCONY
The window allows for communication between the guard and the staff on the inside.
The vertical bar railing limits the blind spots of the guard.
Interior Surveillance
C004
Interior Surveillance
BALCONY
A linear balcony is very common in today’s prisons, although some prison also include balconies that wrap around.
C005
WATCHTOWER
The window allows for view to the other side of the tower, taking full advantage of the design.
The vertical bar railing limits the blind spots of the guard.
Perimeter Surveillance
C006
Perimeter Surveillance
WATCHTOWER
Watchtowers are designed to give full perimeter surveillance with minimal man power. Watch towers are often operated by two guards at all times, rare situations require more.
INTERACTION D001
HANDCUFF PASS
Security Latch
(The latch is controlled from the exterior of the cell only.)
Inmate Cell Secure Food Pass
Interaction with others has always been a critical process, but in institutions it takes on an even more significant role. Interaction becomes less about our behavior and more about the separation between two sides. Personal space begins to be evaluated more by architectural elements and less by verbal and emotional boundaries.
HANDCUFF PASS
D002
Maximum Security
The pass designed to ensure control over inmates when being transported, and also to limit the amount of interaction between them and the guards when supplying them with food and other necessities.
D003
TRANSACTION WINDOW
Security Wall Construction
Security Glass
(Heavy duty glass designed to take excessive damage.)
Speak-Through
(These speak-through devices are necessary to compensate for the sound isolation created by the construction material and method.)
Metal Glass Edging Stainless Steel Pass
Interior Transaction Window And Communications Device
Transaction windows are often placed between the public and the secure side, often in the lobby.
PACKAGE RECEIVER
D004
Security Glass
(Heavy duty glass designed to take excessive damage. Quality also varies depending on security level.)
Bent Plates
(The plates lock in together to create a stronger connection between the glazing and the wall.)
Metal Sill Plate
(This sill plate is added for reinforcement.)
Security Wall
(Walls structure varies depending on the level of security.)
[Medium Security]
Package transfer is often placed for transactions between guards and inmates. These also exist on a less secure locations such as that between the public and the institution.
D005
EXCHANGE WINDOW
Metal Frame
Security Glass
(Heavy duty glass designed to take excessive damage.)
Stainless Steel Shelf Stiffness Beams
(Required for high security areas for more reinforcement.)
Security Wall
(Walls structure varies depending on the level of security.)
Maximum Security
Exchange windows such as this are often used in maximum security showers, which hold only one inmate at a single time.
CONSTRUCTION E001
MAXIMUM SECURITY WALL Underside of Structure
Steel Angle Fastened to Underside of Structure Security Sealant (Inmate Side)
8” C.M.U.
#4 Bar @ 8” O.C. (Weld to Angle)
Fully Grouted Cells
Horizontal Joint
(Reinforcing at 8”)
Floor Slab
Surveillance has become a major ingredient in institutions and their development, yet the physical barriers is still a dominant element that is irreplaceable. It creates a much needed presence that establishes an image of power and control for the institution.
E002
MINIMUM SECURITY WALL Underside of Structure
Security Sealant (Inmate Side)
8” C.M.U.
Fully Grouted Cells
Horizontal Joint
(Reinforcing at 16”)
Floor Slab
E003
HORIZONTAL CELL WINDOWS
Precast Modular Cell Unit
Stud Anchor Welded to Window Frame
Security Window
(The security window is casted into the wall precast.)
Angled Glazing Stop
Security Glass
(Heavy duty glass designed to take excessive damage.)
Sealant/Blocker Rod
(These rod are set to seal competion joints.)
E004
SPLIT-FRAME CELL WINDOW
Stud Anchor Welded to Plate
Weld Plate Thermal Break Security Screws
(Special screws are used that require specific screw heads.)
Security Glass
(Heavy duty glass designed to take excessive damage.)
Angled Glazing Stop
Sealant
E005
SECURITY BARS SPLIT-FRAME WINDOW
Precast Concrete Panels
Stud Anchor Welded to Plate Weld Plate Security Window
(The security window is casted into the wall precast.)
Security Screws
(Special screws are used that require specific screw heads.)
Angled Glazing Stop Flat Bar
Angled Glazing Stop
Sealant/Blocker Rod
(These rod are set to seal completion joints.)
E006
SECURITY GYPSUM BOARD
Underside of Structure
Metal Studs 16” O.C. Minimum 20 Gauge
Expanded Metal Lath (Heavy Gauge)
Gypsum Board
(Minimum 5/8”)
Floor Runner Floor Line
E007
CELL STEEL BARS
Bar
(7/8 Diameter at 4” O.C.)
Flat Bar
(2 1/4” x 3/8” at 1’ O.C.)
Security Lock
(Refer to “SECURITY” Packet)
Floor Line
E008
CELL STEEL BARS
Continuous Weld Plate (Embedded into Slab)
Frame
(Welded to Plate)
Flat Bars Welded to Plate and Vertical Bars
Clip Angle
(On Both Sides)
Floor Line
E009
WOVEN WIRE MESH
Frame
(Minimum 10 Gauge)
Mesh
(1” Spacing for Maximum) (Under 1” to 5” Spacing for lower security levels.)
Security Lock
(Refer to “SECURITY” Packet)
Floor Line
E010
WOVEN WIRE MESH
Continuous Weld Plate (Embedded into Slab)
Frame
(Welded to Plate)
Every other bar is welded to Frame.
Wire
(Diameter varies from1/4 to 3/8 depending on security level. )
Floor Line
E011
POURED CONCRETE WALL
Underside of Structure
#4 Reinforcing Bars
(8” on Center Minimum Spacing)
Poured Concrete
Dowels (8” O.C.
Floor Line
E012
GLASS BLOCK
Security Screws
(Special screws are used that require specific screw heads.)
Solid Glass Block
Tool Resistance Window Frame
(Tool resistance frames are designed for one time insulated, making them in-extractable.
Window Sill Window Frame Support
Concrete Security Wall
THRESHOLD F001
VISITATION BOOTH
Inmate Access
Typical
H/C
Typical
H/C
Public Access
Noncontact Visitation
The threshold in institutions is developed through the collision of two sides. It establishes a guideline for protection and control. The threshold is often displayed through the introduction of the public to a secure environment. Both the public and the inmates are confronted with limitations which guide their behavior within the institution.
F002
VISITATION WINDOW
Metal Insulation
Security Glass
(Heavy duty glass designed to take excessive damage.)
Fastening Angles (Securing Glass)
Stainless Steel Counter
Security Wall
(Walls structure varies depending on the level of security.)
Noncontact Visitation
F003
VISITATION WAITING AREA
Search Room
Officer Control
Inmate Staging Area
Non-contact Booth
Inmate Search Area Leaving Visitation
Maximum Security
Visitation Area Officer
The inmate go through a search process before a non-contact visitation. This enforces the idea that the level of security and protection is not for the safety of the inmates, instead it is mainly for the safety of the public from the inmates.
F004
CONTACT VISITATION Public Vestibule
Visitation
Contact Visitation
Inmate Staging Area
Search Room
Inmate Corridor
F005
LINEUP ROOM
Staging Area
Lineup Room
One-way Security Glass
Search Room
Viewing Room
Inmate Corridor
Public Access
ORGANIZATION A001
PANOPTICON CENTRAL PLAN
Window
(The windows are placed in thick walls allowing light to enter but limiting view.)
The Panopticon Jeremy Bentham Concept Design 1791 England
Corridor
Watch Tower (The watch tower allows full view of all cells.)
Open Void
(The open void through the whole building creates a separation between the cells and the central core.)
Cell
Dividing Wall
Bentham’s Panoptic design focused on a highly elaborate idea of surveillance. The goal was not to only survey the prisoners but also create a system where the guards are not visible to the prisoners. This would allow for an environment where the prisoners are always at a state of ignorance, unaware of whether they are being watched or not. In conclusion the prisoners would always be cautious of their actions, but this always allows for the guards to not be present, establishing an environment where the prisoners guard themselves.
A002
ALCATRAZ COMPACT PLAN
Catwalks Above
Corridor
Maximum Security
Balcony
(The Balcony is used as a watched tower, but unlike a watch tower it is limited for that it only gives vision access in one axes.)
Alcatraz Island “The Rock” Architect: U.S. Army, Bureau of Prisons Location: San Francisco , California, USA Dates: Military Prison (1868) Federal Prison 1933-1963 In 1972, Alcatraz became a national recreation area and received designation as a National Historic Landmark in 1986.
Cell
Window
(The windows are not attached to the cell walls, thus limiting the prisoners access, but also allowing light to enter the structure.)
The Alcatraz prison is known to be much reliant on the inaccessibility to the island. Although the organization of the plan still implements a repetitive concept that enforces control. Long corridors and the visibility of cells still seems to be a strong requirement. Alcatraz takes it a step further by allowing no cells to have access to windows. The cells are centered in rows and then surrounded by a heavy concrete wall which includes windows to the exterior, creating an outer shell for the prison.
A003
TRIANGULATED PLAN
Courtyard
Corridor
(The courtyard is protected by the surrounding cells, making the exterior a more secure space than the interior.)
(The second floor corridors also serve as a balcony, which in result serve as watch towers for the triangle courtyards.)
Cell
The triangulated plan seems to cater more to Bentham’s idea of cell organization. It allows for surveillance of linear cells but also a secondary surveillance of opposite cells. The difference lies in lack of central control, but that is also considered in the use of the central space as a courtyard. Placing the prisoners as the central point, and being surveyed from above soundings.
A004
FORT LEAVENWORTH BRANCHING PLAN
Administration
(The administration is located at the entrance, but also the central area of the building. This allows for better supervision of all the cell blocks.)
Rotunda
Mess Hall
Cells Kitchen
U.S. Disciplinarry Barracks Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
(The cells are organized in a linear pattern allowing for one point of visual access. The cells are also sepearated from the exterior walls, limiting the prisoners to outside interaction.)
The U.S. Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth utilizes both the Panopticon central organization and a linear organization to create a hybrid that enforces a central power but also allows for a division of power. This allows for a system of control that can divide its power to accommodate different situations.
SECURITY B001
ELECTRIC LOCK
Security Screws
(Special screws are used that require specific screw heads.)
Paracentic Lock
(These locks are added for manual override.)
Deadlatch Bolt
Roller Bolt
Maximum Security
Locks are a representation of security, in prisons that idea becomes very critical. The lock becomes an object that represents not only safety but also control. Establishing ones safety might be a concept that lacks stability, but the control of other can start to create some assurance to developing such status. That object’s status in the everyday world is at that point much different from its status in an institution. Its status in everyday life depends much more on its existence, where in an institution its status depends much more on its efficiency.
B002
ELECTRIC LOCK 2
Roller Bolt
Paracentic Lock
(These locks are added for manual override.)
Deadlatch Bolt
Mounting Plate
Medium Security
Used for inmate cells and visitation areas. Not for use in maximum security cells.
B003
MECHANICAL CREMONE TYPE
Exterior Door
These doors are used for entrances to the exterior, built out of steel and installed into structural concrete wall.
B004
MECHANICAL CREMONE TYPE
Paracentric Lock
(These locks are added for manual override.)
Security Screws
(Special screws are used that require specific screw heads.)
Handel
Latch
[The latch locks into a housing secured into concrete floor]
Mechanical Lock for Exterior Door
SURVEILLANCE C001
CAMERA+HOUSING
Security Camera Housing
It seems that technology is today’s new watch tower. A concept that offers full surveillance without the individual being there. Similar to that described by Bentham. Having full power over various subjects, absence interaction and or even knowledge. What is also intriguing is that its exposure does not deteriorate its power, instead it validates it. Informing the subject that are being surveyed.
C003
BALCONY
The window allows for communication between the guard and the staff on the inside.
The vertical bar railing limits the blind spots of the guard.
Interior Surveillance
C004
Interior Surveillance
BALCONY
A linear balcony is very common in today’s prisons, although some prison also include balconies that wrap around.
C005
WATCHTOWER
The window allows for view to the other side of the tower, taking full advantage of the design.
The vertical bar railing limits the blind spots of the guard.
Perimeter Surveillance
C006
Perimeter Surveillance
WATCHTOWER
Watchtowers are designed to give full perimeter surveillance with minimal man power. Watch towers are often operated by two guards at all times, rare situations require more.
INTERACTION D001
HANDCUFF PASS
Security Latch
(The latch is controlled from the exterior of the cell only.)
Inmate Cell Secure Food Pass
Interaction with others has always been a critical process, but in institutions it takes on an even more significant role. Interaction becomes less about our behavior and more about the separation between two sides. Personal space begins to be evaluated more by architectural elements and less by verbal and emotional boundaries.
HANDCUFF PASS
D002
Maximum Security
The pass designed to ensure control over inmates when being transported, and also to limit the amount of interaction between them and the guards when supplying them with food and other necessities.
D003
TRANSACTION WINDOW
Security Wall Construction
Security Glass
(Heavy duty glass designed to take excessive damage.)
Speak-Through
(These speak-through devices are necessary to compensate for the sound isolation created by the construction material and method.)
Metal Glass Edging Stainless Steel Pass
Interior Transaction Window And Communications Device
Transaction windows are often placed between the public and the secure side, often in the lobby.
PACKAGE RECEIVER
D004
Security Glass
(Heavy duty glass designed to take excessive damage. Quality also varies depending on security level.)
Bent Plates
(The plates lock in together to create a stronger connection between the glazing and the wall.)
Metal Sill Plate
(This sill plate is added for reinforcement.)
Security Wall
(Walls structure varies depending on the level of security.)
[Medium Security]
Package transfer is often placed for transactions between guards and inmates. These also exist on a less secure locations such as that between the public and the institution.
D005
EXCHANGE WINDOW
Metal Frame
Security Glass
(Heavy duty glass designed to take excessive damage.)
Stainless Steel Shelf Stiffness Beams
(Required for high security areas for more reinforcement.)
Security Wall
(Walls structure varies depending on the level of security.)
Maximum Security
Exchange windows such as this are often used in maximum security showers, which hold only one inmate at a single time.
CONSTRUCTION E001
MAXIMUM SECURITY WALL Underside of Structure
Steel Angle Fastened to Underside of Structure Security Sealant (Inmate Side)
8” C.M.U.
#4 Bar @ 8” O.C. (Weld to Angle)
Fully Grouted Cells
Horizontal Joint
(Reinforcing at 8”)
Floor Slab
Surveillance has become a major ingredient in institutions and their development, yet the physical barriers is still a dominant element that is irreplaceable. It creates a much needed presence that establishes an image of power and control for the institution.
E002
MINIMUM SECURITY WALL Underside of Structure
Security Sealant (Inmate Side)
8” C.M.U.
Fully Grouted Cells
Horizontal Joint
(Reinforcing at 16”)
Floor Slab
E003
HORIZONTAL CELL WINDOWS
Precast Modular Cell Unit
Stud Anchor Welded to Window Frame
Security Window
(The security window is casted into the wall precast.)
Angled Glazing Stop
Security Glass
(Heavy duty glass designed to take excessive damage.)
Sealant/Blocker Rod
(These rod are set to seal competion joints.)
E004
SPLIT-FRAME CELL WINDOW
Stud Anchor Welded to Plate
Weld Plate Thermal Break Security Screws
(Special screws are used that require specific screw heads.)
Security Glass
(Heavy duty glass designed to take excessive damage.)
Angled Glazing Stop
Sealant
E005
SECURITY BARS SPLIT-FRAME WINDOW
Precast Concrete Panels
Stud Anchor Welded to Plate Weld Plate Security Window
(The security window is casted into the wall precast.)
Security Screws
(Special screws are used that require specific screw heads.)
Angled Glazing Stop Flat Bar
Angled Glazing Stop
Sealant/Blocker Rod
(These rod are set to seal completion joints.)
E006
SECURITY GYPSUM BOARD
Underside of Structure
Metal Studs 16” O.C. Minimum 20 Gauge
Expanded Metal Lath (Heavy Gauge)
Gypsum Board
(Minimum 5/8”)
Floor Runner Floor Line
E007
CELL STEEL BARS
Bar
(7/8 Diameter at 4” O.C.)
Flat Bar
(2 1/4” x 3/8” at 1’ O.C.)
Security Lock
(Refer to “SECURITY” Packet)
Floor Line
E008
CELL STEEL BARS
Continuous Weld Plate (Embedded into Slab)
Frame
(Welded to Plate)
Flat Bars Welded to Plate and Vertical Bars
Clip Angle
(On Both Sides)
Floor Line
E009
WOVEN WIRE MESH
Frame
(Minimum 10 Gauge)
Mesh
(1” Spacing for Maximum) (Under 1” to 5” Spacing for lower security levels.)
Security Lock
(Refer to “SECURITY” Packet)
Floor Line
E010
WOVEN WIRE MESH
Continuous Weld Plate (Embedded into Slab)
Frame
(Welded to Plate)
Every other bar is welded to Frame.
Wire
(Diameter varies from1/4 to 3/8 depending on security level. )
Floor Line
E011
POURED CONCRETE WALL
Underside of Structure
#4 Reinforcing Bars
(8” on Center Minimum Spacing)
Poured Concrete
Dowels (8” O.C.
Floor Line
E012
GLASS BLOCK
Security Screws
(Special screws are used that require specific screw heads.)
Solid Glass Block
Tool Resistance Window Frame
(Tool resistance frames are designed for one time insulated, making them in-extractable.
Window Sill Window Frame Support
Concrete Security Wall
THRESHOLD F001
VISITATION BOOTH
Inmate Access
Typical
H/C
Typical
H/C
Public Access
Noncontact Visitation
The threshold in institutions is developed through the collision of two sides. It establishes a guideline for protection and control. The threshold is often displayed through the introduction of the public to a secure environment. Both the public and the inmates are confronted with limitations which guide their behavior within the institution.
F002
VISITATION WINDOW
Metal Insulation
Security Glass
(Heavy duty glass designed to take excessive damage.)
Fastening Angles (Securing Glass)
Stainless Steel Counter
Security Wall
(Walls structure varies depending on the level of security.)
Noncontact Visitation
F003
VISITATION WAITING AREA
Search Room
Officer Control
Inmate Staging Area
Non-contact Booth
Inmate Search Area Leaving Visitation
Maximum Security
Visitation Area Officer
The inmate go through a search process before a non-contact visitation. This enforces the idea that the level of security and protection is not for the safety of the inmates, instead it is mainly for the safety of the public from the inmates.
F004
CONTACT VISITATION Public Vestibule
Visitation
Contact Visitation
Inmate Staging Area
Search Room
Inmate Corridor
F005
LINEUP ROOM
Staging Area
Lineup Room
One-way Security Glass
Search Room
Viewing Room
Inmate Corridor
Public Access
