Question 1 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text ______ is a learning procedure that utilizes reinforcement to guide a response in closer and closer approximations to a desired behavior:
Select one: a. Partial reinforcement b. Conditioning c. Chaining d. Observational learning e. Shaping Question 2 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text Which of the following is the best example of operant conditioning?
Select one: a. A student studies for her math test and received a mark 90%. She then studies extra hard for the next exam. b. A child continues to pick on his sister, despite receiving repeated timeouts. c. A group of pigs come running when they hear the farmer opening the feed box. d. A young child becomes fearful whenever seeing the babysitter. e. Two boys imitate a professional wrestler they view on television. Question 3 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text Extinction would happen most rapidly following which reinforcement schedule?
Select one: a. Variableinterval, reinforced after 1 minute b. Variableratio, every 5th response reinforced c. Fixedinterval, reinforced after 1 minute d. Variableratio, every 10th response reinforced
e. Fixedratio, every response reinforced Question 4 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text Ellie had a car accident at an intersection with a red light. Now she becomes so tense and fearful when she approaches red lights that she can hardly drive. The red light serves as a(n) _____ stimulus for fear, but it could lose its power to elicit fear through _____.
Select one: a. conditioned; extinction b. unconditioned; generalization c. unconditioned; extinction d. conditioned; generalization e. unconditioned; conditioning Question 5 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text People who live in cities often do not respond to night sounds while asleep. This is an example of:
Select one: a. operant conditioning b. latent learning c. habituation d. a fixed action pattern e. classical conditioning Question 6 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text Whenever your neighbors play their music loudly, you bang on the ceiling with a broom handle to get them to turn it off. They do turn off the annoying music, which makes you likely to bang on the ceiling the next time you hear it. Your behavior is under the influence of:
Select one: a. negative reinforcement
b. classical conditioning c. positive punishment d. positive reinforcement e. negative punishment Question 7 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text One reason for the adaptive significance of classical conditioning is that the animal learns:
Select one: a. that a CS will follow a UCS and that each is different. b. to avoid dangerous situations. c. to recognize stimuli that signal important events and to respond fast and effectively. d. that neutral stimuli have desirable properties. e. to behave appropriately if reinforced with positive stimuli. Question 8 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text Escape responses are to __________ as avoidance responses are to __________.
Select one: a. response cost; punishment b. clear discriminative stimuli; ambiguous discriminative stimuli c. termination of an aversive stimulus; punishment d. termination of an aversive stimulus; prevention of the aversive stimulus e. positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement Question 9 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text Food aversion differs from standard classical conditioning because:
Select one:
a. In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salivated in preparation for food and there was no aversion to the food. b. Only a single pairing of the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus can be sufficient to produce a conditioned reflex. c. It demonstrates insightful behaviour and is difficult to explain in terms of standard stimulusresponse reinforcement. d. Ingesting inappropriate food leads to vomiting. e. Vomiting in response to the presence of potential toxins in the body illustrates operant, not classical, conditioning. Question 10 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text Which schedule of reinforcement is most similar to that used in gambling?
Select one: a. fixed ratio b. variable interval c. variable ratio d. fixed interval e. intermittent reinforcement Question 11 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text Research on memory has revealed that:
Select one: a. good moods have similar effects to negative moods on recall of information. b. good moods have inconsistent effects on recall of information. c. good moods facilitate the recall of positive information. d. good moods facilitate the recall of negative information. e. good moods facilitate the recall of information originally learned while in a good mood. Question 12
Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text After studying the planets for his astronomy exam for hours, John received a phone call from his friend who asked him to guess what kind of car he just bought. John immediately replied, "A Saturn." That John's prior exposure to stimuli related to planets influenced his response to his friend's question is called:
Select one: a. generalization b. maintenance rehearsal. c. priming d. sensory memory e. explicit memory Question 13 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text Research on eyewitness testimony has shown that:
Select one: a. retrieval cues can bias eyewitness accounts. b. eyewitness testimony is influenced by encoding specificity. c. women are generally more accurate eyewitnesses than men. d. eyewitness testimony is very accurate. e. eyewitness testimony is highly resistant to leading questions. Question 14 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text Elaborative is to __________ as maintenance is to __________.
Select one: a. association; repetition b. effortful; automatic c. shallow; superficial d. automatic; effortful e. shortterm; longterm
Question 15 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text Which of the following lists is the easiest to remember?
Select one: a. 8642097531 b. 9473292712 c. 1487547854 d. 8590437849 e. 6018475894 Question 16 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text Maria's ability to remember where she was on her 17th birthday illustrates _____ memory, whereas her ability to remember how to play Für Elise on the piano illustrates ____ memory. The former is more ____ whereas the latter is more _____.
Select one: a. semantic; sensorimotor; implicit; explicit. b. semantic, procedural; explicit; implicit c. semantic; sensorimotor; explicit; implicit d. episodic; procedural; implicit; explicit. e. episodic; procedural; explicit; implicit. Question 17 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text Essay questions tend to be more difficult than multiple choice because with an essay question:
Select one: a. there is more proactive inhibition. b. there is more interference possible. c. there are more cues to stimulate memory.
d. recall is required rather than recognition. e. encoding rehearsal is more effortful. Question 18 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text People with truly exceptional memories generally have:
Select one: a. substituted memory that utilizes images for memory based on meaning. b. unusually large sensory memory capacity. c. learned techniques for organizing information. d. improved the neural substrates of memory through drugs and nutrition. e. a specific genetic basis to their ability. Question 19 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text Azmy is participating in an experiment in which he just heard a list of 15 words, and is now being asked to recall them. He will probably:
Select one: a. remember lots of items from the beginning of the list, not so many from the middle and the end. b. remember lots of items from the beginning and the end of the list, not so many from the middle. c. remember lots of items from the middle and end of the list, not so many from the beginning. d. remember about the same number of items from the beginning, middle and end. e. remember lots of items from the end of the list, not so many from the beginning and the middle. Question 20 Correct Marked out of 1.00 Flag question
Question text
Rehearsal works best to encode information into long term memory when:
Select one: a. memories are updated or reorganized on the basis of logic, reasoning, or the addition of new information. b. part of a memory is used to reconstruct an entire complex memory. c. It occurs during memory consolidation. d. the information to be remembered is repeated over and over. e. it is used to link new information with existing memories and knowledge.