Slow Loris Final Presentation
Emerging Wildlife Conservation Leaders Slow Loris Group
1
Welcome Brandon Speeg
What is Emerging
Wildlife Conservation Leaders? Zoologist White Oak Conservation Center Ungulates (hoofed animals)
2
• Information • Identification • Care & Handling
3
4
Key Facts Primate Domestic and
international legislation protects the slow loris Native to countries in Southeast Asia Nocturnal - active at night 5
CITES Listing Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora Appendix I listed All international commercial trade banned
6
IUCN Listing International Union for the
Conservation of Nature Endangered N. javanicus
Vulnerable N. pygameus N. bengalensis
N. coucang N. menagensis
7
Some Range Country Listings Country
Regulation
Singapore
Endangered Species (Import and Export Act Cap 82A (ESA) Wild Animals and Birds Act
Indonesia
Decree No. 66 1973 of Ministry of Agriculture Gov. Reg. No. 7 1999 concerning protection of Wild Fauna and Flora Act No. 5 1999
Thailand
Wildlife Protection Act 1992
Vietnam
Decree 32 2006 ND-CP
Cambodia
PRAKAS 020
Malaysia
Schedule 1 of totally protected animals
India
Schedule 1 of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 8
Use in Traditional Medicine All body parts used in
traditional medicine In Cambodia, slow loris was the second most common mammal observed at markets
9
Use in Pet Trade • The pet trade is local,
regional and international • Popular as a pet in range countries, and in China, Japan, Middle East, Russia, and Europe • Prices seen from US$6 in Indonesia to US$1,500$4,500 in Japan • Easy to capture 10
11
Slow Loris Species Five species of slow loris are
currently recognized Variation between species in size, markings and coloring Nycticebus coucang Greater N. bengalensis Bengal N. menagensis Bornean N. javanicus Javan N. pygmaeus Pygmy/Lesser 12
Slow Loris Species Range N. coucang Greater Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia,
Thailand, Singapore
N. bengalensis Bengal Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia,
China, India, Laos, Myanmar
N. menagensis Bornean
Malaysia, Indonesia (Kalimantan), Brunei, Philippines
N. javanicus Javan Indonesia (Java)
N. pygmaeus Pygmy Vietnam, Lao, Cambodia, China,
East Thailand?
13
Facial and Body Markings Identifying species in the
market can help you determine if it is domestic or international trade Facial markings present in all slow lorises but variation in pattern Between and within
species
Slow lorises vary in color 14
Points to Note on Identification Variation within species
Chirping noise = juvenile May not exhibit all species
characteristics Look similar across the species Use fur characteristics to identify young animals.
Use facial and body
markings to identify adult animal 15
Identification Difficulties Often dyed a different
colour to make them more appealing Sick or malnourished animals often underweight or do not exhibit all species characteristics If in doubt as to what species, call an expert 16
17
Diet The slow loris has a diverse diet in the wild: Insects Floral nectar Sap Gum Fruit
18
Uses Toxin as Defense Lifts arms to lick
secretion from inner elbow gland Mixture of saliva and toxic secretion is injected into predator with a bite Can send predators, including humans, into anaphylactic shock 19
Poor Conditions at Animal Markets Bites are common when
kept in small cages Stress has a detrimental effect on its health Diets inadequate and animals often dehydrated Infants rarely survive
Roger Allen, IAR
20
Teeth extraction Teeth often extracted by traders with nail clippers without
anaesthetics to make it seem younger and avoid bites Can often cause lethal infection Difficult to return them to the wild
21
Immediate post-confiscation care Handle gently with gloves Place in a box or container that
allows air supply If the animal is in a secure cage that can be confiscated and moved, leave the animal in the cage rather than cause stress by capturing and moving the animal into a new cage. Consider draping the container on three sides with a blanket to reduce stress, as long as ventilation is not stopped
22
Immediate post-confiscation care Do not use a chicken wire cage. If a chicken wire cage must be used, put a towel or foliage down to protect their feet and hands. Slow loris can escape through narrow gaps, so the container should be secured. The container should be kept at a temperature of 19°- 30°C; injured and weakened animals are more susceptible to heat and cold stress. Slow lorises should be transported in non air-conditioned vehicles. 23
Immediate post-confiscation care Adding leaves and branches (bamboo) to a container can reduce stress by giving the animal a place to hide and something to grasp. If holding the animal for an extended time in a large container, consider adding a smaller box or tube for the animal to hide and sleep in. Do not put two animals in a same small container if they were not together when confiscated. Place the animal somewhere quiet. Take to rescue centre as soon as possible. 24
Immediate post-confiscation care
• Place water and food such as fruit (watermelon or banana) or
crickets in the box. • Evaporated milk for infants. • Possible food items: Fruits:
Vegetables:
banana
squash
grapes
Peas
apple
Beans
mango
corn
peeled orange
beans
kiwi
spinach
durian
yam
Insects: crickets mealworms beetles (small) caterpillars
Other: boiled egg whites
papaya 25
This training was made possible by funding from the International Fund for Animal Welfare and the World Wildlife Fund This presentation was originally created by Tricia Parish and Dr. KAI Nekaris of Oxford Brookes University. Parish, T.J. 2008. Identifying CITES Appendix I-listed slow lorises (Primates: Lorisidae: Nycticebus): a training programme for enforcement officials and rescue centres in Southeast Asia. MSc Thesis. Oxford Brookes University, Oxford: UK.
Thanks to the following people for the use of their photos: Edwin Wiek, Manoon Pliwsungnoen, Norman Lim, David Haring, San Diego Zoo, Anna Nekaris, Karmele Llano Sanchez, Alan Knight, Ulrike Streicher, Tilo Nadler, Carly Starr, Tim Redford, Dwi Nugroho, R. Butler, International Animal Rescue, Helga Schulze.
26
1
Welcome Brandon Speeg
What is Emerging
Wildlife Conservation Leaders? Zoologist White Oak Conservation Center Ungulates (hoofed animals)
2
• Information • Identification • Care & Handling
3
4
Key Facts Primate Domestic and
international legislation protects the slow loris Native to countries in Southeast Asia Nocturnal - active at night 5
CITES Listing Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora Appendix I listed All international commercial trade banned
6
IUCN Listing International Union for the
Conservation of Nature Endangered N. javanicus
Vulnerable N. pygameus N. bengalensis
N. coucang N. menagensis
7
Some Range Country Listings Country
Regulation
Singapore
Endangered Species (Import and Export Act Cap 82A (ESA) Wild Animals and Birds Act
Indonesia
Decree No. 66 1973 of Ministry of Agriculture Gov. Reg. No. 7 1999 concerning protection of Wild Fauna and Flora Act No. 5 1999
Thailand
Wildlife Protection Act 1992
Vietnam
Decree 32 2006 ND-CP
Cambodia
PRAKAS 020
Malaysia
Schedule 1 of totally protected animals
India
Schedule 1 of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 8
Use in Traditional Medicine All body parts used in
traditional medicine In Cambodia, slow loris was the second most common mammal observed at markets
9
Use in Pet Trade • The pet trade is local,
regional and international • Popular as a pet in range countries, and in China, Japan, Middle East, Russia, and Europe • Prices seen from US$6 in Indonesia to US$1,500$4,500 in Japan • Easy to capture 10
11
Slow Loris Species Five species of slow loris are
currently recognized Variation between species in size, markings and coloring Nycticebus coucang Greater N. bengalensis Bengal N. menagensis Bornean N. javanicus Javan N. pygmaeus Pygmy/Lesser 12
Slow Loris Species Range N. coucang Greater Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia,
Thailand, Singapore
N. bengalensis Bengal Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia,
China, India, Laos, Myanmar
N. menagensis Bornean
Malaysia, Indonesia (Kalimantan), Brunei, Philippines
N. javanicus Javan Indonesia (Java)
N. pygmaeus Pygmy Vietnam, Lao, Cambodia, China,
East Thailand?
13
Facial and Body Markings Identifying species in the
market can help you determine if it is domestic or international trade Facial markings present in all slow lorises but variation in pattern Between and within
species
Slow lorises vary in color 14
Points to Note on Identification Variation within species
Chirping noise = juvenile May not exhibit all species
characteristics Look similar across the species Use fur characteristics to identify young animals.
Use facial and body
markings to identify adult animal 15
Identification Difficulties Often dyed a different
colour to make them more appealing Sick or malnourished animals often underweight or do not exhibit all species characteristics If in doubt as to what species, call an expert 16
17
Diet The slow loris has a diverse diet in the wild: Insects Floral nectar Sap Gum Fruit
18
Uses Toxin as Defense Lifts arms to lick
secretion from inner elbow gland Mixture of saliva and toxic secretion is injected into predator with a bite Can send predators, including humans, into anaphylactic shock 19
Poor Conditions at Animal Markets Bites are common when
kept in small cages Stress has a detrimental effect on its health Diets inadequate and animals often dehydrated Infants rarely survive
Roger Allen, IAR
20
Teeth extraction Teeth often extracted by traders with nail clippers without
anaesthetics to make it seem younger and avoid bites Can often cause lethal infection Difficult to return them to the wild
21
Immediate post-confiscation care Handle gently with gloves Place in a box or container that
allows air supply If the animal is in a secure cage that can be confiscated and moved, leave the animal in the cage rather than cause stress by capturing and moving the animal into a new cage. Consider draping the container on three sides with a blanket to reduce stress, as long as ventilation is not stopped
22
Immediate post-confiscation care Do not use a chicken wire cage. If a chicken wire cage must be used, put a towel or foliage down to protect their feet and hands. Slow loris can escape through narrow gaps, so the container should be secured. The container should be kept at a temperature of 19°- 30°C; injured and weakened animals are more susceptible to heat and cold stress. Slow lorises should be transported in non air-conditioned vehicles. 23
Immediate post-confiscation care Adding leaves and branches (bamboo) to a container can reduce stress by giving the animal a place to hide and something to grasp. If holding the animal for an extended time in a large container, consider adding a smaller box or tube for the animal to hide and sleep in. Do not put two animals in a same small container if they were not together when confiscated. Place the animal somewhere quiet. Take to rescue centre as soon as possible. 24
Immediate post-confiscation care
• Place water and food such as fruit (watermelon or banana) or
crickets in the box. • Evaporated milk for infants. • Possible food items: Fruits:
Vegetables:
banana
squash
grapes
Peas
apple
Beans
mango
corn
peeled orange
beans
kiwi
spinach
durian
yam
Insects: crickets mealworms beetles (small) caterpillars
Other: boiled egg whites
papaya 25
This training was made possible by funding from the International Fund for Animal Welfare and the World Wildlife Fund This presentation was originally created by Tricia Parish and Dr. KAI Nekaris of Oxford Brookes University. Parish, T.J. 2008. Identifying CITES Appendix I-listed slow lorises (Primates: Lorisidae: Nycticebus): a training programme for enforcement officials and rescue centres in Southeast Asia. MSc Thesis. Oxford Brookes University, Oxford: UK.
Thanks to the following people for the use of their photos: Edwin Wiek, Manoon Pliwsungnoen, Norman Lim, David Haring, San Diego Zoo, Anna Nekaris, Karmele Llano Sanchez, Alan Knight, Ulrike Streicher, Tilo Nadler, Carly Starr, Tim Redford, Dwi Nugroho, R. Butler, International Animal Rescue, Helga Schulze.
26
