Procedure for Foundations (footings): Spread Footings: • Rectangular (L and bw) • Square (b) t column dimension; h footing thickness; 1) Make an estimate for h 2) qall,net = qall -‐ γc.g.(h+hsoil) 3) A > Pservice/qall,net • Square: b > √A select b Aact =b2 • Rectangle: Choose dimensions such that bw.l>A Aact = bw.L 4) qf = Pf/Aact 5) Determine required h based on two-‐way shear requirements: • νc,3 = 0.38λφc√f’c (MPa) • b0=4(t+d) 6) Equate Pf (MPa) = Vc = νc,3*b0*d ; solve quadratic for d 7) Check νc,3 3d reduce, proceed to step 10 10) if d>300 mm νc,i,new= νc,i*1300/(1000+d) 11) Check Vr>Vf-‐2way • Vf-‐2way=qf *(Aact -‐(t+d)2) • Vr= (νc,i,new or νc,i)*b0*d • If not true, must increase d 12) Conclude on h 13) Verify one-‐way shear requirements • a = ((L or b)-‐t)/2 -‐ d • Vf-‐1way=qf*bw*a • Vc=λφcβ√f’cbwdv (dv=maxof(0.9d and 0.72h), (β=0.21 if hVf-‐1way No additional shear reinforcement is needed! • If Vc(As,req and As,min), this # is in each direction 17) a = φsAsfy/α1φcf’cb ; c = d – a/2 18) Check (c/d) Mf 20) Check maximum spacing requirements: • Bottom layer: smax = minof(3h and 500mm) • Top layer: smax = minof(5h and 500) • sc/c = [(b or L or bw) – 2*send]/(#bars-‐1) • If rectangular provide [2/(β+1)]*As,act of short direction reinforcement (temp.&shrink) in a portion of length bw centered by the column. • β=(L/bw) 21) Check Development length of the flexural reinforcement • ld= 0.45k1k2k3k4fydb/√f’c (C52 for k’s) ld can be reduced by multiplying by (As,req/As,provided) • ld,provided = (b-‐t)/2 – send • if ld,provided < ld need hooks • ld can be reduced by multiplying by (As,req/As,provided) 22) Dowels design • L1 > ldb = 0.24fydb/√f’c < 0.0044fydb • L2 > maxof(0.073fydb and 300 mm Strip/wall Footings: Working on a strip of width bw=1m 1) Make an estimate of h (>250 mm) 2) qall,net = qall -‐ γc.g.(h+hsoil) 3) L*1 > Pservice/qall,net 4) qf = Pf/Aact where Aact= 1*L 5) Determine the required footing thickness based on the one-‐way shear requirements • Try h = … • d = h – cover (75 mm) -‐ db -‐ db/2 • a = (L –t)/2 -‐ d • Vf-‐1way=qf*bw*a • Vc=λφcβ√f’cbwdv (dv=maxof(0.9d and 0.72h), (β=0.21 if hVf-‐1way No additional shear reinforcement is needed! • If Vccover, >75 mm) 9) Development Length • ld= 0.45k1k2k3k4fydb/√f’c (C52 for k’s) ld can be reduced by multiplying by (As,req/As,provided) • ld,provided = (b-‐t)/2 – send • if ld,provided < ld need hooks 10) Design Temperature/Shrinkage reinforcement in the longitudinal direction • As,min = 0.002Ag < As,req while Ag=h*L • Choose # of bars to satisfy As,min 11) Check Maximum spacing requirements of long direction (Temp.&shrinkage) • Choose send (>cover, >75 mm) • smax = minof(5h and 500 mm) • sc/c= (L-‐2*send)/(#bars-‐1) • Check sc/c<smax