Storage system
Safety Guidelines for Li-Ion-Home Storage Systems Joerg Echter , Head of Central Sales, TÜV Rheinland LGA Products GmbH
#SEUK 13/10/2015
Energy+
Safety Guideline Energy Storage Systems Joerg Echter Solar Energy UK
TÜV Rheinland – History.
First Foreign Subsidiary
! 3
1960
1900 Merger with TÜV Berlin-Brandenburg
First Product Certification
2005
First Vehicle Inspection
1997
Founded to ensure the safety of manufacturing plants
1970
1872
Milestones.
Integration of LGA
Our goal is to be the world’s best independent provider of technical services for testing, inspection, certification, consultation and training.
14.10.2015
Potential hazard as an example Lithium – storage systems Storage medium
Energy density
Li-ion
150 up to 1500 Wh/kg
Fuel
12800 Wh/kg but
Energy density (Lithium): Ether > 10 x electrical and there is comparable exothermal risk potential with fuel
4
(Photo: dpa)
„live Thermal Runaway“ of a cell in the test chamber
Test Item Examples
Requirement
Overcharge
FreedomCAR
Forced discharge
IEC 62660-2
Examples
21/709/CDV
5
External short
UN Model Regulation
Imbalanced charging
UL subject 2580
Charger compatibility
UL subject 2580
Partial short circuit
VDA
Impedance R,X,IZI
Manufacturer
Reasons for risks and hazards with batteries Reason
Effect
Production faults and production problems
Internal short-circuits, overheating – destruction
Cooling failures
Overheating – destruction
Charging electronics malfunction
Overload – warming up – destruction
Misuse or accident
Cell or pole short-circuit with overheating – destruction
6
WHY safety testing for storage units? 1. Electrochemical hazardous material requires special risks and safety management 2. Operation within the private household requires special duties of care and safety considerations! 3. Combating risks requires detailed testing knowledge for the testing of electrochemical and mixed system characteristics 4. Certification in accordance with the current state-of-the-art by independent competent stations creates safety for the manufacturer, seller and consumer 5. Trust, and the expansion of acceptance in a still quite young technology in the consumer market
7
Standardisation of safety and quality
8
Organisation
*Set of rules/standard/guideline
Title
United Nations ECE
UN T38.3
Requirements and tests for the tranport of Li-ion batteries
IEC /EN
EN 61427-2:2014; (IEC 21/813)
Rechargeable cells and batteries for the storage of renewable energy-related general. requirementys and tests
IEC/ EN
EN 62619.Ed.2 :2014;
Safety requirements for Li-ion storage batteries in industrial applications
EN
EN 50272-2
Safety requirements on stationary batteries
BVES, BSW
Safety guideline V1.0 :2014)
For Li-ion home storage systems
BATSO
BATSO 02
Secondary Lithium Batteries: Stationary Batteries
TÜV Rheinland
2 PfG 2335
Safety requirements for energy storage systems
VDE
AR-E-2510-2; AR-E- 2510-50
Stationäry energy storage units on the NS network. stationary energy storage units with Liion batteries
Banks and insurance companies
KfW Leaflet on Renewable Energy 275
"Storage" programme
* Further international organisations such as for example BSI, SAE, ANSI have published local requirements or have these in process
Current testing and certification principles Safety guideline on Lithium-ion - home storage system, Version 1.0, 11/2014 Their safety guideline for Lithium ion home storage systems was developed with the participation of the following institutions:
…Representing more than 800 companies 9
Romica Kiesewetter
Current testing and certification principles Safety guideline for lithium-ion house storage systems
The catalogue establishes protection objectives for battery storage systems with and without integration of inverters based upon secondary Lithium-ion cells for use as stationary home storage
This implements current and shortly to be introduced standards for safety inspections
In addition, TÜV Rheinland inspects and certifies Lithium-ion energy storage systems for stationary applications with respect to
Safety,
Performance,
Lifetime
on the basis of BATSO 02:2014 and TÜV Rheinland quality standards
10
Protection objective catalogue
Protection objectives for the cell Protection objectives for the battery Protection objectives for the system General protection objectives
Cell Battery System
Photo middle: Léclanché, Photo below: Solax
11
Sources of danger for Li-ion HS (I) Short-circuit AC/DC Overload / Excess voltage
Avoidance by Battery management system (BMS)
Deep discharge
Safe condition
Excess current
Backup of the safety design (1Failsafe) !
Excessive and low temperature Lightning strike/excess voltage
12
Sources of danger for Li-ion HS (II) Mechanical damage Hazardous Touch voltages Misuse/faulty operation Unclear operating conditions Pollution emissions Production and Design faults
13
Romica Kiesewetter
Avoidance by Design and structural actions
General protection objectives 1/2
No.
Sources of danger
6.4.1 Inadequate mechanical processing
14
14.10. 2015
Romica Kiesewetter
Targeted protection objective secure and stable mechanical design, (no sharp corners and edges, crushing points) for secure installation Handling and operation and control during the installation on mechanical effects. Photo: T
General protection objectives 1/2 (Extract SiL Li-Ion HS 11/2014) No.
Sources of danger
6.4.2
Vandalism
Targeted protection objective Basic protection against break-in attempts and external mechanical and physical forces including the use of single tools (RC2 = screwdrivers, pliers, wages, etc.) Whenever the system is made accessible to the public or to third parties or rather provision is specifically specifically made for this.
Photo: sv-electrical engineering
15
14.10. 2015
Romica Kiesewetter
Sources of danger from the environment
Fire Soiling Corrosion, gases Flooding
16
Assessment by corresponding Installation conditions Housing with IP protection
General protection objectives 1/2
No.
Sources of danger
6.4.3 Fire
Targeted protection objective Fire from inside and out: basic resistance capability against heat/fire: avoidance of spreading of Fire from inside to the outside and of bursting. Prevention of spreading of external fires. Ph
General Protection Objectives 2/2
No.
Sources of danger
Targeted protection objective
6.4.5
Soiling
Avoiding unsafe operating conditions due to soiling and dust/liquids and foreign bodies.
18
14.10. 2015
Romica Kiesewetter Photo: TÜ
General protection objectives (Extract SiL Li-ion HS 11/2014)
No.
19
Photo: Dirk Schröter
Sources of danger Targeted protection objective
6.4.6 Pressure
Whenever pressure increases in the system, this must be able to be absorbed/compensated for or reduced in a controlled manner with no unsafe operating conditions arising due to external air pressure/air pressure change.
6.4.7 Special challenges from the environment (Corrosion, gases, flooding)
In the event of correspondingly specified installation conditions in corrosive atmospheres or when there is a risk of flooding, special challenges are to be taken into account in the design of the system.
6.4.8 Observing legal guidelines
Observing low voltage guidelines, product safety act, battery act, EMC guidelines, UN transport tests, hazardous goods decree, etc..
Romica Kiesewetter
Sources of danger (IV)
Faulty installation Faulty operation Inadequate operational safety Observing statutory guidelines
20
Necessary: Installations instructions incl. installation condition Hazard and risk analyses
Observing statutory requirements: legal understanding Established safety requirements on products can be: of the regulatory type: laws, decrees (such as NSR, EMVR, BattG, ADR amongst others) which are adapted into harmonized standards or into other technical definitions Determining one or several features on an object of the conformity evaluation as perora a combination of both! voluntary type: safety, quality and other definitions ISO 17000 e.g. safetyprocedure codes of practice and other rules
The safety guideline currently closes a current loophole in the standardization on "Lithium-Ion Home Storage Systems“
21
Procedures for observing the safety guideline Extract SiL Li-ion HS 11/2014: " 5. Documentation of the observing of this protective objective in a battery system by an accredited laboratory Whenever the conformity with this safety guideline is declared and publicised in, this is to be accompanied by corresponding test reports from accredited laboratories.. “ The declaration of conformity can accordingly be made by the manufacturer itself "voluntarily“ Conformity evaluation by a 1st party or
The conformity declaration is made by an independent, qualified certifying body "voluntarily“ Conformity declaration by a third party
22
Romica Kiesewetter
Testing and certification process for storage units
For the testing (and evaluation) of a Lithium-ion home storage system, a distinctive knowledge is needed of electrical and mechanical safety functional safety and risk management electro chemical safety (still with very little standardization) Critical testing aspects - in particular on electrochemical safety - have been co-ordinated by the participating test laboratories and certification organisations!
23
Romica Kiesewetter
Storage system - safety certification 1. Laboratory testing 2. Verification, review 3. Testing, review of the quality assurance system/production facilities inspection. 4. Certification: inspection of all documents 5. Conformity certification and/or 6. Certificate with test sign approval and market monitoring
24
Storage system - safety certification 2
1 Design1 Design 2 Keywords 2 Keywords 3 Functionality (QR-Code) 3 Funktionalität (QR-Code) 4 ID / Certificate-No. 2
25
1
4
3
EES -qualification is an international task of TÜV Rheinland …
Osaka, Japan
Shenzhen, China
Nürnberg & Cologne, Germany
… and local test capabilities and know-how, from the testing of cells up to the final energy storage testing in the target market! 26
R&D Project "Speisi“: storage safety Project partners: To investigate the safety & performance of EES in all conceivable application scenarios. The participants in the market should be supported in optimizing the safety of PV installations with storage systems with respect to all things to which they are exposed and existing deficits to be recognized in safety-technical handling instructions or application regulations. Solutions should be elaborated and introduced into standardization activities..
"Stake Holders“, emergency personnel, fire services or technical paid services should be supported for the case in question when dealing with new technologies without increased personal danger..
Development of tests, which permit a comparable qualification of PV storage systems (safety and performance). Duration: 4 years(2015-2018)
Safety, reliability and performance of installations with storage systems subject to spatially taking into account fire risks and extinguishing strategies
27
Summary 1.
The safety guideline for Li-ion home storage systems closes the currently faulty standard-related loophole for home storage applications
2.
A Manufacturer's declaration of conformity is possible, but it needs higher demands in terms of the performance of tests and evaluation
3.
An independent product certification by independent tests – specially qualified laboratories with consistent test understanding – will create safety and trust of the quality of the cell manufacture through to production and market monitoring
4.
and with this performs an important contribution to safety, acceptance and with that excellence in order to participate as energy storage system in the virtual power station on the energy turnaround
28
Vielen Dank !
TÜV Rheinland LGA Products GmbH Tillystr. 2 90431 Nürnberg
Am Grauen Stein 29 51105 Köln
Joerg Echter [email protected] ; +49(0)221 806-1683
Li-Ion !
#SEUK 13/10/2015
Energy+
Safety Guideline Energy Storage Systems Joerg Echter Solar Energy UK
TÜV Rheinland – History.
First Foreign Subsidiary
! 3
1960
1900 Merger with TÜV Berlin-Brandenburg
First Product Certification
2005
First Vehicle Inspection
1997
Founded to ensure the safety of manufacturing plants
1970
1872
Milestones.
Integration of LGA
Our goal is to be the world’s best independent provider of technical services for testing, inspection, certification, consultation and training.
14.10.2015
Potential hazard as an example Lithium – storage systems Storage medium
Energy density
Li-ion
150 up to 1500 Wh/kg
Fuel
12800 Wh/kg but
Energy density (Lithium): Ether > 10 x electrical and there is comparable exothermal risk potential with fuel
4
(Photo: dpa)
„live Thermal Runaway“ of a cell in the test chamber
Test Item Examples
Requirement
Overcharge
FreedomCAR
Forced discharge
IEC 62660-2
Examples
21/709/CDV
5
External short
UN Model Regulation
Imbalanced charging
UL subject 2580
Charger compatibility
UL subject 2580
Partial short circuit
VDA
Impedance R,X,IZI
Manufacturer
Reasons for risks and hazards with batteries Reason
Effect
Production faults and production problems
Internal short-circuits, overheating – destruction
Cooling failures
Overheating – destruction
Charging electronics malfunction
Overload – warming up – destruction
Misuse or accident
Cell or pole short-circuit with overheating – destruction
6
WHY safety testing for storage units? 1. Electrochemical hazardous material requires special risks and safety management 2. Operation within the private household requires special duties of care and safety considerations! 3. Combating risks requires detailed testing knowledge for the testing of electrochemical and mixed system characteristics 4. Certification in accordance with the current state-of-the-art by independent competent stations creates safety for the manufacturer, seller and consumer 5. Trust, and the expansion of acceptance in a still quite young technology in the consumer market
7
Standardisation of safety and quality
8
Organisation
*Set of rules/standard/guideline
Title
United Nations ECE
UN T38.3
Requirements and tests for the tranport of Li-ion batteries
IEC /EN
EN 61427-2:2014; (IEC 21/813)
Rechargeable cells and batteries for the storage of renewable energy-related general. requirementys and tests
IEC/ EN
EN 62619.Ed.2 :2014;
Safety requirements for Li-ion storage batteries in industrial applications
EN
EN 50272-2
Safety requirements on stationary batteries
BVES, BSW
Safety guideline V1.0 :2014)
For Li-ion home storage systems
BATSO
BATSO 02
Secondary Lithium Batteries: Stationary Batteries
TÜV Rheinland
2 PfG 2335
Safety requirements for energy storage systems
VDE
AR-E-2510-2; AR-E- 2510-50
Stationäry energy storage units on the NS network. stationary energy storage units with Liion batteries
Banks and insurance companies
KfW Leaflet on Renewable Energy 275
"Storage" programme
* Further international organisations such as for example BSI, SAE, ANSI have published local requirements or have these in process
Current testing and certification principles Safety guideline on Lithium-ion - home storage system, Version 1.0, 11/2014 Their safety guideline for Lithium ion home storage systems was developed with the participation of the following institutions:
…Representing more than 800 companies 9
Romica Kiesewetter
Current testing and certification principles Safety guideline for lithium-ion house storage systems
The catalogue establishes protection objectives for battery storage systems with and without integration of inverters based upon secondary Lithium-ion cells for use as stationary home storage
This implements current and shortly to be introduced standards for safety inspections
In addition, TÜV Rheinland inspects and certifies Lithium-ion energy storage systems for stationary applications with respect to
Safety,
Performance,
Lifetime
on the basis of BATSO 02:2014 and TÜV Rheinland quality standards
10
Protection objective catalogue
Protection objectives for the cell Protection objectives for the battery Protection objectives for the system General protection objectives
Cell Battery System
Photo middle: Léclanché, Photo below: Solax
11
Sources of danger for Li-ion HS (I) Short-circuit AC/DC Overload / Excess voltage
Avoidance by Battery management system (BMS)
Deep discharge
Safe condition
Excess current
Backup of the safety design (1Failsafe) !
Excessive and low temperature Lightning strike/excess voltage
12
Sources of danger for Li-ion HS (II) Mechanical damage Hazardous Touch voltages Misuse/faulty operation Unclear operating conditions Pollution emissions Production and Design faults
13
Romica Kiesewetter
Avoidance by Design and structural actions
General protection objectives 1/2
No.
Sources of danger
6.4.1 Inadequate mechanical processing
14
14.10. 2015
Romica Kiesewetter
Targeted protection objective secure and stable mechanical design, (no sharp corners and edges, crushing points) for secure installation Handling and operation and control during the installation on mechanical effects. Photo: T
General protection objectives 1/2 (Extract SiL Li-Ion HS 11/2014) No.
Sources of danger
6.4.2
Vandalism
Targeted protection objective Basic protection against break-in attempts and external mechanical and physical forces including the use of single tools (RC2 = screwdrivers, pliers, wages, etc.) Whenever the system is made accessible to the public or to third parties or rather provision is specifically specifically made for this.
Photo: sv-electrical engineering
15
14.10. 2015
Romica Kiesewetter
Sources of danger from the environment
Fire Soiling Corrosion, gases Flooding
16
Assessment by corresponding Installation conditions Housing with IP protection
General protection objectives 1/2
No.
Sources of danger
6.4.3 Fire
Targeted protection objective Fire from inside and out: basic resistance capability against heat/fire: avoidance of spreading of Fire from inside to the outside and of bursting. Prevention of spreading of external fires. Ph
General Protection Objectives 2/2
No.
Sources of danger
Targeted protection objective
6.4.5
Soiling
Avoiding unsafe operating conditions due to soiling and dust/liquids and foreign bodies.
18
14.10. 2015
Romica Kiesewetter Photo: TÜ
General protection objectives (Extract SiL Li-ion HS 11/2014)
No.
19
Photo: Dirk Schröter
Sources of danger Targeted protection objective
6.4.6 Pressure
Whenever pressure increases in the system, this must be able to be absorbed/compensated for or reduced in a controlled manner with no unsafe operating conditions arising due to external air pressure/air pressure change.
6.4.7 Special challenges from the environment (Corrosion, gases, flooding)
In the event of correspondingly specified installation conditions in corrosive atmospheres or when there is a risk of flooding, special challenges are to be taken into account in the design of the system.
6.4.8 Observing legal guidelines
Observing low voltage guidelines, product safety act, battery act, EMC guidelines, UN transport tests, hazardous goods decree, etc..
Romica Kiesewetter
Sources of danger (IV)
Faulty installation Faulty operation Inadequate operational safety Observing statutory guidelines
20
Necessary: Installations instructions incl. installation condition Hazard and risk analyses
Observing statutory requirements: legal understanding Established safety requirements on products can be: of the regulatory type: laws, decrees (such as NSR, EMVR, BattG, ADR amongst others) which are adapted into harmonized standards or into other technical definitions Determining one or several features on an object of the conformity evaluation as perora a combination of both! voluntary type: safety, quality and other definitions ISO 17000 e.g. safetyprocedure codes of practice and other rules
The safety guideline currently closes a current loophole in the standardization on "Lithium-Ion Home Storage Systems“
21
Procedures for observing the safety guideline Extract SiL Li-ion HS 11/2014: " 5. Documentation of the observing of this protective objective in a battery system by an accredited laboratory Whenever the conformity with this safety guideline is declared and publicised in, this is to be accompanied by corresponding test reports from accredited laboratories.. “ The declaration of conformity can accordingly be made by the manufacturer itself "voluntarily“ Conformity evaluation by a 1st party or
The conformity declaration is made by an independent, qualified certifying body "voluntarily“ Conformity declaration by a third party
22
Romica Kiesewetter
Testing and certification process for storage units
For the testing (and evaluation) of a Lithium-ion home storage system, a distinctive knowledge is needed of electrical and mechanical safety functional safety and risk management electro chemical safety (still with very little standardization) Critical testing aspects - in particular on electrochemical safety - have been co-ordinated by the participating test laboratories and certification organisations!
23
Romica Kiesewetter
Storage system - safety certification 1. Laboratory testing 2. Verification, review 3. Testing, review of the quality assurance system/production facilities inspection. 4. Certification: inspection of all documents 5. Conformity certification and/or 6. Certificate with test sign approval and market monitoring
24
Storage system - safety certification 2
1 Design1 Design 2 Keywords 2 Keywords 3 Functionality (QR-Code) 3 Funktionalität (QR-Code) 4 ID / Certificate-No. 2
25
1
4
3
EES -qualification is an international task of TÜV Rheinland …
Osaka, Japan
Shenzhen, China
Nürnberg & Cologne, Germany
… and local test capabilities and know-how, from the testing of cells up to the final energy storage testing in the target market! 26
R&D Project "Speisi“: storage safety Project partners: To investigate the safety & performance of EES in all conceivable application scenarios. The participants in the market should be supported in optimizing the safety of PV installations with storage systems with respect to all things to which they are exposed and existing deficits to be recognized in safety-technical handling instructions or application regulations. Solutions should be elaborated and introduced into standardization activities..
"Stake Holders“, emergency personnel, fire services or technical paid services should be supported for the case in question when dealing with new technologies without increased personal danger..
Development of tests, which permit a comparable qualification of PV storage systems (safety and performance). Duration: 4 years(2015-2018)
Safety, reliability and performance of installations with storage systems subject to spatially taking into account fire risks and extinguishing strategies
27
Summary 1.
The safety guideline for Li-ion home storage systems closes the currently faulty standard-related loophole for home storage applications
2.
A Manufacturer's declaration of conformity is possible, but it needs higher demands in terms of the performance of tests and evaluation
3.
An independent product certification by independent tests – specially qualified laboratories with consistent test understanding – will create safety and trust of the quality of the cell manufacture through to production and market monitoring
4.
and with this performs an important contribution to safety, acceptance and with that excellence in order to participate as energy storage system in the virtual power station on the energy turnaround
28
Vielen Dank !
TÜV Rheinland LGA Products GmbH Tillystr. 2 90431 Nürnberg
Am Grauen Stein 29 51105 Köln
Joerg Echter [email protected] ; +49(0)221 806-1683
Li-Ion !
