Supporting Information Protocol for Ultralow Temperature Ceramic ...
Supporting Information
Protocol for Ultralow Temperature Ceramic Sintering: An Integration of Nanotechnology and Cold Sintering Process Hanzheng Guo, Amanda Baker, Jing Guo, and Clive A. Randall * Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Table S1. Summary of relative density versus sintering temperature plot of BaTiO3 ceramics regarding various techniques.
CS=Conventional Sintering; TSS=Two-Step Sintering; RCS=Rate-Controlled Sintering; SPS=Spark Plasma Sintering; MVS=Microwave Sintering; HPS=High Pressure Sintering; FS=Flash Sintering; Combined=RRS (Rapid-Rate Sintering)-RCS-LP (Low Pressure)-TSS; CSP=Cold Sintering Process. A theoretical density of 6.02 g/cm3 is adopted for BaTiO3. GS=Grain Size.
Table S2. Summary of lattice parameters, c/a ratios, and cell volumes of the XRD results shown in Figure 2.
Figure S1. (a) Representative HAADF micrograph, (b)-(e) corresponding EDS chemical mapping, and (f) EDS spectrum, of the cold sintering process produced BaTiO3 ceramics.
Figure S2. (a) Representative HAADF micrograph, (b)-(e) corresponding EDS chemical mapping, and (f) EDS spectrum, of the cold sintering process produced BaTiO3 ceramics after annealing at 800 ºC.
Figure S3. (a) Representative HAADF micrograph, (b)-(e) corresponding EDS chemical mapping, and (f) EDS spectrum, of the cold sintering process produced BaTiO3 ceramics after annealing at 900 ºC.
Protocol for Ultralow Temperature Ceramic Sintering: An Integration of Nanotechnology and Cold Sintering Process Hanzheng Guo, Amanda Baker, Jing Guo, and Clive A. Randall * Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Table S1. Summary of relative density versus sintering temperature plot of BaTiO3 ceramics regarding various techniques.
CS=Conventional Sintering; TSS=Two-Step Sintering; RCS=Rate-Controlled Sintering; SPS=Spark Plasma Sintering; MVS=Microwave Sintering; HPS=High Pressure Sintering; FS=Flash Sintering; Combined=RRS (Rapid-Rate Sintering)-RCS-LP (Low Pressure)-TSS; CSP=Cold Sintering Process. A theoretical density of 6.02 g/cm3 is adopted for BaTiO3. GS=Grain Size.
Table S2. Summary of lattice parameters, c/a ratios, and cell volumes of the XRD results shown in Figure 2.
Figure S1. (a) Representative HAADF micrograph, (b)-(e) corresponding EDS chemical mapping, and (f) EDS spectrum, of the cold sintering process produced BaTiO3 ceramics.
Figure S2. (a) Representative HAADF micrograph, (b)-(e) corresponding EDS chemical mapping, and (f) EDS spectrum, of the cold sintering process produced BaTiO3 ceramics after annealing at 800 ºC.
Figure S3. (a) Representative HAADF micrograph, (b)-(e) corresponding EDS chemical mapping, and (f) EDS spectrum, of the cold sintering process produced BaTiO3 ceramics after annealing at 900 ºC.
