surficial geology map - Illinois State Geological Survey
George H. Ryan, Governor Department of Natural Resources Brent Manning, Director ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William W. Shilts, Chief Illinois Geological Quadrangle Map: IGQ Aurora North-SG 2001
SURFICIAL GEOLOGY MAP Aurora North Quadrangle, Kane and Du Page Counties, Illinois B. Brandon Curry
28864 28866 e
e
32556
295
769
28877
26365
1432
26099
22461 1227
22762
22765
1309 28943
h
213
e
32502 e 32569
1704 ly
27218 387
28945
32571
1317
22821 22820
1547
ly
32582
e
22542 23026
32503
24834
773 772
22786 22753 22628 e
669 c 32490
672
28756 28757 28758
28759 251
e
238
t
Tiskilwa Formation Till and debris flow deposits
30 feet, east of Nelson Lake
28968 gp
507
1477
Dolomite with chert lenses; gray to yellowish brown, fossiliferous, vuggy; also shaly dolomite and brown shale
gp
Robein Member, Roxana Silt Pedogenically altered loess, loess and diamicton
7 feet, east of Nelson Lake
Topography by photogrammetric methods from aerial photographs taken 1963. Field checked 1964. Revised from aerial photographs taken 1988. Field checked 1991. Map edited 1993. Projection and 10,000-foot grid ticks: Illinois coordinate system, east zone (transverse Mercator grid ticks, zone 16, shown in blue, 1927 North American Datum (NAD)) North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) is shown by dashed corner ticks The values of the shift between NAD 27 and NAD 83 for 7.5-minute intersections are given in USGS Bulletin 1875
Recommended Citation Curry, B.B., 2001, Surficial Geology Map, Aurora North Quadrangle, Kane and Du Page Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geological Quadrangle Map, IGQ Aurora North-SG, 1:24,000.
0
Pz
32577
700
lb lb
0
26767
2000 feet
0
AL SURVEY
For further information about this map contact: ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign Illinois 61820-6964 (217)333-4747
DEPARTMENT OF
http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu
Released by the authority of the State of Illinois: 2001
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON THE USE OF THESE MAPS AND OTHER MATERIALS
Base map contour interval 10 feet Base map compiled at the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) from digital data provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and the ISGS
1
2
6
3
5
4 EOLOG EG IC AT
I am grateful for the dedicated work of several ISGS employees, past and present, including Robert Gilkeson, Faith Fitzpatrick, Tim Larson, and John Kempton. For the careful review of the map, I give special thanks to Dave Larson, Don Luman, and Ardith Hansel.
2 kilometers
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Elburn Geneva West Chicago Sugar Grove Naperville Yorkville Aurora South Normantown
8
ADJOINING 7.5-MINUTE QUADRANGLES
MN GN 0°52N 1° 18 MILS 16 MILS
UTM GRID AND 1993 MAGNETIC NORTH DECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET
30162
600
500
C
CNN
Glasford Formation Till and debris flow deposits, outwash, and lacustrine sediments
800
100 feet in the St. Charles and Aurora Bedrock Valleys
Kankakee and Joliet Formations (Silurian); Maquoketa Group (Ordovician)
35 feet of Silurian dolomite is exposed in quarries along the Fox River
Minooka Moraine Galena Blvd
700
e
e
Randall Road e ly
rr
Route 31
ly
lb
lb
e
?
Route 25
c fill Fox River
h
c
fill
New York Ave gp
700 ly
lb
Pz 600
gp
g
g
600 Aurora Bedrock Valley Aurora Bedrock Valley
32580
Acknowledgments Funding for mapping was provided by the Illinois State Geological Survey and the Kane County Forest Preserve. Initial research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, under USGS award number 1434-HQ-96-AG-01483.
2 miles
30164 30160
299
ly
Vertical exaggeration = 20x
500
500
disturbed land
water
moraine
CNN
Scale 1:24,000
e
500
gp
28969
ly
ly
Fox c River
lb
Pz
28760 22764
h
Pz
23179
22632 22631
ly
e
e
Vertical exaggeration = 20x
PALEOZOIC BEDROCK
289
h
22555
e
800
800
ly
32581 27688
e
BNN
Kirk Road
600
g
Diamicton; compact, sandy and bouldery with abundant lenses of coarse sand, and gravel, or silt; occurs below buried organic-rich sediment of the Robein Member or compact diamicton of the Tiskilwa Formation in buried bedrock valleys; pinkish brown
e
32567
674
Produced by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with State of Illinois agencies Control by USGS and NOS/NOAA
ILLINOIS S T
23041
28966
676
28761
C
1 905
30000
28963
32506
e
lb
Illinois Episode (next-to-last glaciation)
678
22573
40 feet, east of Nelson Lake
22630
673
NATURAL RESOURCES
654 1706
28964
h
Batestown Member, Lemont Formation Till and debris flow deposits
30007
28965
h
32504
30002 30003
28959
679
Randall Road
Minooka Moraine
22789
22766 22550
70 feet, forming the Minooka Moraine west of the Fox River
St. Charles Moraine
800
lb
rr
Silt and clay; organic-rich, black to dark brown; leached of carbonate minerals; contains wood fragments
22545
32385
32386
32491 681
27029 22629
27452 28960
22816
22576
Yorkville Member, Lemont Formation Till and debris flow deposits
B
ly
Buried deposits (cross sections only) Diamicton; loam to clay loam (roughly equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay in the < 2-mm matrix); with lenses of sand and gravel, or sand; pinkish brown; compact
26940
28954
22544
32591
c
22226 c
e
27690 22627
28956
408
22767
22533
e 22811
30 feet along the Fox River
23024
22540
ILLINOIS
598
Henry Formation Outwash deposited along valleys and beyond former glacier margins
700
Diamicton; sandy loam, with abundant cobbles; includes continuous layers and lenses of sand and gravel, or sand; brown to grayish pink
22604 466
32378
32594 32596 32595 663
ly
h
28951
22405
1001
23022
22562
1185
32489
22462
h
22756 22757
ly
Diamicton; silty clay, silty clay loam, and clay, with layers and lenses of sand and gravel or silt. Layered diamicton, silt, and sand indicated on lithologic logs on cross sections. Yellowbrown to olive where weathered; gray where unweathered
e
33155
32487 32570
649
h
Sand and gravel, or sand; contains lenses of silt and clay, or diamicton
elevation (ft)
22763
22758 22759
22225
500
Wisconsin Episode (last glaciation)
406 28953 465
541
500
26767
32584
1624 534 1200 1703 26864
33154
Vertical exaggeration = 20x
32567
1310
32589
32568
28942
1186 556
50 feet at Nelson Lake, buried by Grayslake Peat (northwestern part of map)
elevation (ft)
32586
1192
Equality Formation Lake deposits in kettles and other depressions; also in valleys tributary to the Fox River
891
32585
169
1705
1199
600
32506
32590
33153
23046
28944 28934
e
1297
700
lb
g
296
157
32587
969
401 22808
286
156
e
Silt and clay; layered to massive, thin beds of sand are common; fossiliferous in many places; unit present at surface, buried by postglacial sediment, and found intertonguing with sand of the Henry Formation
22602
c
lb
rr
22630
1228
lb
Pz
733
22626 h
ly
Hudson and Wisconsin Episodes
32561
1267
h
c
32845 (STATEMAP boring)
400
lb
gp
e
c Fox River
t
600
22014
lb
lb
ly
800
creek
h
22550
49
h
10 feet adjacent to Mill Creek; possibly thicker along reaches of the Fox River
c
22787
48
h
Cahokia Formation Floodplain sediment
e
ly
e
ly
32499 (projected onto section)
22625
c
700
ly
gp
Route 25
c
Sand and gravel, and well-sorted sand adjacent to streams, grading laterally to layered, organic-rich, fossiliferous silt and clay; associated with the Equality Formation
40 feet at the Ironwood Subdivision, Southeastern Aurora
AN
e (mostly replaced with compacted fill) after borings were sampled
elevation (ft)
24389
Grayslake Peat Decomposed wetland vegetation and sediment
Mill Creek
32838
32564 h
Pz
gp
Nelson Lake
Randall Road
Route 25
Route 31
32503
22732
22803
Kirk Road
Minooka Moraine
St. Charles Moraine
773
e
32562
22579 22578
N
26085
302
map boundary
33157 (outcrop) Mill Creek Route 31
28933
800
QUATERNARY DEPOSITS Hudson Episode (postglacial)
297
Peat and muck; including interbedded sand, silty clay, and marl; commonly associated with lake sediments of the Equality Formation
22805
Maximum thickness
32591
26792
32484
Lithostratigraphic units and interpretations
32501
32500
BNN
Materials
892
32392 32391
32563 22733
32575 32483
296 32499
32394
32574
1910
22734
891
32576
733
23243
e
Aurora North Quadrangle
32556 (outcrop)
32573 32845
22735
Sublobe boundary
Quarry Park
e 32572
h
Glaciated areas with no moraines
A
26098
e
22359
32847
102
32393
e
28873 (WW)
gp
32384
28890
32383
32711 32709
Other moraines
301
22581
32501
303
294
22816
22581 1425
731
32847 (STATEMAP boring)
33156 33157 33158
32785
West Chicago Moraine
Figure 1 Wisconsin Episode moraines in northeastern Illinois. Moraines, shown in blue and green, were formed near the terminus of glacial ice during various positions of the Lake Michigan Lobe. Glacial ice advanced in a westerly and southwesterly direction into Illinois from the Lake Michigan basin. The older moraines of this figure occur generally to the west and the younger moraines to the east. On this map, adapted from Willman and Frye (1970) and Hansel and Johnson (1996), Kane County is outlined in black, and the Aurora North Quadrangle is hachured in red.
28881
1644
e
Woodstock Moraine
28876
1757 1755
22576
1838
32507 32784 32406
Minooka Moraine
1225
22646
Pz
St. Charles Moraine
26084
c
ly
22649
31138
e
Elburn Complex
32559
366
26078 881
Bloomington System
892
27034
32558
26364
32557
B
22648
ly
1232
Marengo Moraine
32386
776
1397
22786
28880 33159 27146 27179 23239 963 23238 23232 2428 28886 23240 29933 566 310 28883 23235 24892 1155 23571 23267 23572 22880 1839 27833 23570 1154 27118 536 32710 1758
278
101
33163
26084
32384 gp
32710
26869 33011 27220
32559
e
26879 27332 28882 28879
The succession of three glacial diamicton units and associated outwash and lake sediment were eroded during postglacial flooding along the Fox River valley. In some places, the earliest postglacial streams deposited sand and gravel units up to 30 feet thick. Subsequent erosion has exposed bedrock in many places along the Fox River. Lake sediment and peat accumulated in depressions (kettles) left by melted blocks of ice and in valleys tributary to the Fox River that were temporarily blocked by
24441
28756
lb
28878
28881
101
26085
26076
32381
Cross sections showing the vertical and lateral extent of the surface and subsurface units of the Aurora North Quadrangle were constructed based on interpretations of data from (1) deep stuctural borings at the Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory (Soil Testing Services 1969, 1970; Landon and Kempton 1971; Kemmis 1978, 1981; Graese et al. 1988; Curry 1991; Paul Kesich, personal communication); (2) water-well logs done by Layne-Western, Inc. for various city agencies (Gilkeson et al. 1987, McFadden et al. 1989); (3) unpublished deep structural borings for the Settler’s Hill Landfill (Ian Wilkerson, personal communication); (4) unpublished engineering borings for bridges; and (5) shallow structural borings for several subdivisions, especially in the southeastern part of the quadrangle. In addition, records from numerous water wells on file
28758
32736 1006
26349
24902
28871
gp
e
299
32341
e
33162
30160 30164
608
Key to Moraines
26349
26684
AN
33159
727 28873
26022 30163 30161 30162
26026
h
32486
c c
c
605
24900 24899
26021
304
728
1101
31658
33166
A 32592
98
23028
26775 32377
34
33163
26529
31232
Curry, B.B., 1989, Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois: Quaternary Research, v. 31, p.1–13. Curry, B.B., 1990, Stack-unit map (to 50 ft.) of Kane County Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Open File Series 1990-2i, scale 1:62,500. Curry, B.B., 1991, Statistical evaluation of common geotechnical parameters of glacial drift units at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois: Association of Engineering Geologists 34th Annual Meeting Proceedings, Greensburg, Pennsylvania, p. 258. Curry, B.B., and M.J. Pavich,1996, Absence of glaciation in Illinois during marine isotope stages 3 through 5: Quaternary Research, v. 31, p. 19–26. Curry, B.B., D.A. Grimley, and J.A. Stravers, 1999, Quaternary geology, geomorphology, and climatic history of Kane County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Guidebook 28, 40 p. Gilkeson, R.H., S.S. McFadden, D.E. Laymon, and A.P. Visocky, 1987, Hydrogeologic evaluation of groundwater resources in buried bedrock valleys, northeastern Illinois: Proceedings of the Focus Conference on Midwestern Ground Water Issues, National Water Well Association, p. 245–267. Goddard, T.M., 1979, Soil survey of Kane County, Illinois: Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, Illinois Agricultural Experimental Station, Soil Report No. 109.
23572
31230
The first glaciers of the last (Wisconsin) episode entered the Aurora North Quadrangle about 24,500 years ago, remained in the quadrangle until about 17,500 years ago (Curry et al. 1999), and deposited three major glacial units. The youngest of these, the Yorkville Member of the Lemont Formation, is the predominant surficial deposit of the Aurora North Quadrangle and is composed mostly of gray silty clay diamicton with discontinuous lenses of sand and gravel. The Yorkville sediments form the ridge-like, north-south–trending Minooka Moraine east of the Fox River and the subdued north-south–trending St. Charles Moraine west of the Fox River (fig. 1). The older Wisconsin Episode diamicton units, the sandy Batestown Member of the Lemont Formation and the loamy Tiskilwa Formation, are present in the subsurface, but their distribution is patchy in the eastern and southern parts of the quadrangle.
References
32592 (Nelson Lake core; Sugar Grove Quad)
94
26027 894
729
e
28870 27903
1505
895
298
300
ly
1752
e
e
22512 22519
22516 22513
26639
26772
22294
ly
26019
24897 1506 22472 24896 26993 23231 1836 1754 1830 24487 1833 1881
gp
26017
Lithologic information from boring 32499 was projected onto cross section B–BN. This boring provides the only high-quality record that, along with the soils maps of Goddard (1979), indicates that the area of low relief west of the Minooka Moraine and west of the Fox River is underlain by silty clay diamicton of the Yorkville Member. The data were projected so that the surface elevation of the boring matches the elevation along the line of the section.
536
1180
h
h
23229 986 27615 23226 30570 22874 22098 22871 24894 27510 1827 1907 22358 26865 22146 27391
32554
768
22357
1504
28867
This surficial geology map is based on previous mapping (Curry 1990, Grimley 1998, Grimley and Curry 2001), on logs from numerous engineering borings and stratigraphic test borings (e.g., Landon and Kempton 1971, Kemmis 1978), and on the Kane County soil survey maps of Goddard (1979). The areal extent of surficial lake sediment (map unit e) was partly based on interpretation of color infrared aerial photography done in 1988 by the United States Geological Survey’s National Aerial Photography Program. These interpretations were verified by examining samples obtained from hand-auger test holes. The matrix texture of the Yorkville Member diamicton is very similar to surficial lake sediment; the materials were differentiated primarily on the basis of their moisture contents (12 to 24% for diamicton; 30 to 50% or greater for surficial lacustrine sediment). Alluvial deposits were mapped on the basis of their landscape position in valleys and from the soil survey (Goddard 1979). The areas mapped as surficial peat, sand and gravel, and bedrock were taken from the maps of Goddard (1979). Some of these areas, especially in the southeastern part of the quadrangle, were verified in several shallow structural borings for subdivisions. Stratigraphic nomenclature of the glacial deposits is from Hansel and Johnson (1996).
32504
93
Mapping Methods
elevation (ft)
32485 265 28611 31448
e
1179
32708
32385
ly
297
29750
28863
e
32483 302
32388
Graese, A.M., R.A. Bauer, B.B. Curry, R.C. Vaiden, W.G. Dixon Jr., and J.P. Kempton, 1988, Geological-geotechnical studies for siting the SSC in Illinois—Regional summary: Illinois State Geological Survey, Environmental Geology Notes 123, 100 p. Grimley, D.A., 1998, Surficial geology of the Sugar Grove 7.5minute Quadrangle, Kane County, Illinois: Reston, Virginia, USGS STATEMAP Program, scale 1:24,000. Grimley, D.A., and B.B. Curry, 2001, Surficial geology map, Geneva Quadrangle, Kane and Du Page Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geological Quadrangle Map, IGQ Geneva-SG, scale 1:24,000. Hansel, A.K., and W.H. Johnson, 1996, Wedron and Mason Groups: Lithostratigraphic reclassification of deposits of the Wisconsin Episode, Lake Michigan Lobe area: Illinois State Geological Survey, Bulletin 104, 116 p. Kemmis, T.J., 1978, Properties and origin of the Yorkville Till Member at the national accelerator site, northeastern Illinois: M.S. thesis, Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois, 331 p. Kemmis, T.J., 1981, Importance of the regelation process to certain properties of basal tills deposited by the Laurentide Ice Sheet in Iowa and Illinois, U.S.A., Annals of Glaciology, v. 2: Cambridge, England, International Glaciological Society, p. 147–152. Landon, R.A., and J.P. Kempton, 1971, Stratigraphy of the glacial deposits at the National Accelerator Laboratory Site, Batavia, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 456, 21 p. McFadden, S.S., C.R. Gendron, and F.A. Stanke, 1989, Shallow groundwater resources assessment for the village of Montgomery, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Contract/Grant Report 1989:1, 17 p. Soil Testing Services, Inc., 1969, 1970, Unpublished reports for the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory: Northbrook, Illinois, Soil Testing Services, Inc. Wickham, S.S., W.H. Johnson, and H.D. Glass, 1988, Regional geology of the Tiskilwa Till Member, Wedron Formation, Northeastern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 543, 35 p. Willman, H.B., and J.C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Bulletin 94, 204 p.
24834
769
The deposits from two continental glaciations, associated lakes, and meltwater streams constitute most of the surficial deposits in the Aurora North Quadrangle. The earliest Quaternary glaciers probably arrived in Kane County more than 500,000 years ago, but there are no deposits of this age preserved in the map area. In the southern part of the map, bedrock valleys are shown that contain sediment deposited during the next-to-last glaciation (Illinois Episode) from about 180,000 to 130,000 years ago. An ancient weathering horizon, the Sangamon Geosol, formed in Illinois Episode sediments from about 130,000 to 55,000 years ago (Curry 1989, Curry and Pavich 1996). Capping the layer of weathered glacial sediment or bedrock is a thin, discontinuous layer of dark brown, organic-rich sediment known as the Robein Member of the Roxana Silt. Based on radiocarbon analyses, the Roxana Silt was deposited between about 50,000 and 25,000 years ago (Wickham et al. 1988). Wood fragments, including in situ tree stumps, have been discovered in this sediment to the west of the map area in the Sugar Grove Quadrangle (Curry et al. 1999).
at the Geological Records Unit at the Illinois State Geological Survey were used to augment the detailed logs just described. Only a few outcrops were observed in the quadrangle. The largest exposure on the quadrangle is the eastern highwall of the quarry south and east of the Interstate 88–Fox River crossing. At the quarry, 25 to 30 feet of gray silty clay diamicton of the Yorkville Member overlies discontinuous, thin layers of brown loam diamicton, and coarse sand and gravel of the Batestown Member.
32491
ly
elevation (ft)
26781
outwash and other sediment. Aeolian silt and clay (loess) as much as 4 feet thick mantles most glacial sediments. The loess is generally organic-rich and has been altered by development of the modern soil. Because loess is ubiquitous, its extent was not mapped. Thin deposits of river and stream sediment (alluvium) deposited in the last 10,000 years mantle the glacial sediment and bedrock. This alluvium is not covered by loess.
elevation (ft)
ly
Quaternary Geology
e
32490
Pz
This document has been carefully reviewed and edited and meets the standards of the Illinois State Geological Survey with regard to scientific and technical quality and is suited to the purpose and the use intended by its authors. It presents reasonable interpretations of the geology of the area and is based on available data. However, the interpretations are based on data that may vary with respect to accuracy of geographic location, the type and quantity of data available at each location, and the reliability of the data sources. Consequently, the accuracy of unit boundaries and other features shown in this document varies from place to place. Variations in the texture, color, and other characteristics of unlithified glacial and nonglacial sediments can make it difficult to delineate unit boundaries, particularly those in the subsurface. Any map or cross section included in this document is not meant to be enlarged. Enlarging the scale of an existing map or cross section, by whatever means, does not increase the inherent accuracy of the information and scientific interpretations it portrays. This document provides a large-scale conceptual model of the geology of the area on which to base further work. Any map or cross section included herein is not intended for use in site-specific screening or decision-making. Use of this document does not eliminate the need for detailed studies to fully understand the geology of a specific site. The Illinois State Geological Survey, the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, and the State of Illinois make no guarantee, expressed or implied, regarding the correctness of the interpretations presented in this document and accept no liability for the consequences of decisions made by others on the basis of the information presented here.
Data Points
Lithologic symbols for borings along cross sections Silt and clay
Water wells Shallow structural borings Deep borings and outcrops with laboratory data Data are labeled with county API numbers, unique numbers that identify records of water wells and borings available at the Geological Records Unit of the Illinois State Geological Survey. The location of every data point has been field verified.
Sand and gravel Gravel and boulders Matrix-supported diamicton; matrix textures of clay, silty clay, and silty clay loam Matrix-supported diamicton; matrix textures of loam, silt loam, sandy loam, clay loam, and silty clay loam Thin layers of matrix-supported diamicton, fine sand, sand and gravel, and silt; the layers are usually less than 2 feet thick Disturbed land; variable lithology
Other symbols in cross sections Lithologic contact Estimated, queried, or approximated lithologic contact
SURFICIAL GEOLOGY MAP Aurora North Quadrangle, Kane and Du Page Counties, Illinois B. Brandon Curry
28864 28866 e
e
32556
295
769
28877
26365
1432
26099
22461 1227
22762
22765
1309 28943
h
213
e
32502 e 32569
1704 ly
27218 387
28945
32571
1317
22821 22820
1547
ly
32582
e
22542 23026
32503
24834
773 772
22786 22753 22628 e
669 c 32490
672
28756 28757 28758
28759 251
e
238
t
Tiskilwa Formation Till and debris flow deposits
30 feet, east of Nelson Lake
28968 gp
507
1477
Dolomite with chert lenses; gray to yellowish brown, fossiliferous, vuggy; also shaly dolomite and brown shale
gp
Robein Member, Roxana Silt Pedogenically altered loess, loess and diamicton
7 feet, east of Nelson Lake
Topography by photogrammetric methods from aerial photographs taken 1963. Field checked 1964. Revised from aerial photographs taken 1988. Field checked 1991. Map edited 1993. Projection and 10,000-foot grid ticks: Illinois coordinate system, east zone (transverse Mercator grid ticks, zone 16, shown in blue, 1927 North American Datum (NAD)) North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) is shown by dashed corner ticks The values of the shift between NAD 27 and NAD 83 for 7.5-minute intersections are given in USGS Bulletin 1875
Recommended Citation Curry, B.B., 2001, Surficial Geology Map, Aurora North Quadrangle, Kane and Du Page Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geological Quadrangle Map, IGQ Aurora North-SG, 1:24,000.
0
Pz
32577
700
lb lb
0
26767
2000 feet
0
AL SURVEY
For further information about this map contact: ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign Illinois 61820-6964 (217)333-4747
DEPARTMENT OF
http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu
Released by the authority of the State of Illinois: 2001
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON THE USE OF THESE MAPS AND OTHER MATERIALS
Base map contour interval 10 feet Base map compiled at the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) from digital data provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and the ISGS
1
2
6
3
5
4 EOLOG EG IC AT
I am grateful for the dedicated work of several ISGS employees, past and present, including Robert Gilkeson, Faith Fitzpatrick, Tim Larson, and John Kempton. For the careful review of the map, I give special thanks to Dave Larson, Don Luman, and Ardith Hansel.
2 kilometers
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Elburn Geneva West Chicago Sugar Grove Naperville Yorkville Aurora South Normantown
8
ADJOINING 7.5-MINUTE QUADRANGLES
MN GN 0°52N 1° 18 MILS 16 MILS
UTM GRID AND 1993 MAGNETIC NORTH DECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET
30162
600
500
C
CNN
Glasford Formation Till and debris flow deposits, outwash, and lacustrine sediments
800
100 feet in the St. Charles and Aurora Bedrock Valleys
Kankakee and Joliet Formations (Silurian); Maquoketa Group (Ordovician)
35 feet of Silurian dolomite is exposed in quarries along the Fox River
Minooka Moraine Galena Blvd
700
e
e
Randall Road e ly
rr
Route 31
ly
lb
lb
e
?
Route 25
c fill Fox River
h
c
fill
New York Ave gp
700 ly
lb
Pz 600
gp
g
g
600 Aurora Bedrock Valley Aurora Bedrock Valley
32580
Acknowledgments Funding for mapping was provided by the Illinois State Geological Survey and the Kane County Forest Preserve. Initial research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, under USGS award number 1434-HQ-96-AG-01483.
2 miles
30164 30160
299
ly
Vertical exaggeration = 20x
500
500
disturbed land
water
moraine
CNN
Scale 1:24,000
e
500
gp
28969
ly
ly
Fox c River
lb
Pz
28760 22764
h
Pz
23179
22632 22631
ly
e
e
Vertical exaggeration = 20x
PALEOZOIC BEDROCK
289
h
22555
e
800
800
ly
32581 27688
e
BNN
Kirk Road
600
g
Diamicton; compact, sandy and bouldery with abundant lenses of coarse sand, and gravel, or silt; occurs below buried organic-rich sediment of the Robein Member or compact diamicton of the Tiskilwa Formation in buried bedrock valleys; pinkish brown
e
32567
674
Produced by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with State of Illinois agencies Control by USGS and NOS/NOAA
ILLINOIS S T
23041
28966
676
28761
C
1 905
30000
28963
32506
e
lb
Illinois Episode (next-to-last glaciation)
678
22573
40 feet, east of Nelson Lake
22630
673
NATURAL RESOURCES
654 1706
28964
h
Batestown Member, Lemont Formation Till and debris flow deposits
30007
28965
h
32504
30002 30003
28959
679
Randall Road
Minooka Moraine
22789
22766 22550
70 feet, forming the Minooka Moraine west of the Fox River
St. Charles Moraine
800
lb
rr
Silt and clay; organic-rich, black to dark brown; leached of carbonate minerals; contains wood fragments
22545
32385
32386
32491 681
27029 22629
27452 28960
22816
22576
Yorkville Member, Lemont Formation Till and debris flow deposits
B
ly
Buried deposits (cross sections only) Diamicton; loam to clay loam (roughly equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay in the < 2-mm matrix); with lenses of sand and gravel, or sand; pinkish brown; compact
26940
28954
22544
32591
c
22226 c
e
27690 22627
28956
408
22767
22533
e 22811
30 feet along the Fox River
23024
22540
ILLINOIS
598
Henry Formation Outwash deposited along valleys and beyond former glacier margins
700
Diamicton; sandy loam, with abundant cobbles; includes continuous layers and lenses of sand and gravel, or sand; brown to grayish pink
22604 466
32378
32594 32596 32595 663
ly
h
28951
22405
1001
23022
22562
1185
32489
22462
h
22756 22757
ly
Diamicton; silty clay, silty clay loam, and clay, with layers and lenses of sand and gravel or silt. Layered diamicton, silt, and sand indicated on lithologic logs on cross sections. Yellowbrown to olive where weathered; gray where unweathered
e
33155
32487 32570
649
h
Sand and gravel, or sand; contains lenses of silt and clay, or diamicton
elevation (ft)
22763
22758 22759
22225
500
Wisconsin Episode (last glaciation)
406 28953 465
541
500
26767
32584
1624 534 1200 1703 26864
33154
Vertical exaggeration = 20x
32567
1310
32589
32568
28942
1186 556
50 feet at Nelson Lake, buried by Grayslake Peat (northwestern part of map)
elevation (ft)
32586
1192
Equality Formation Lake deposits in kettles and other depressions; also in valleys tributary to the Fox River
891
32585
169
1705
1199
600
32506
32590
33153
23046
28944 28934
e
1297
700
lb
g
296
157
32587
969
401 22808
286
156
e
Silt and clay; layered to massive, thin beds of sand are common; fossiliferous in many places; unit present at surface, buried by postglacial sediment, and found intertonguing with sand of the Henry Formation
22602
c
lb
rr
22630
1228
lb
Pz
733
22626 h
ly
Hudson and Wisconsin Episodes
32561
1267
h
c
32845 (STATEMAP boring)
400
lb
gp
e
c Fox River
t
600
22014
lb
lb
ly
800
creek
h
22550
49
h
10 feet adjacent to Mill Creek; possibly thicker along reaches of the Fox River
c
22787
48
h
Cahokia Formation Floodplain sediment
e
ly
e
ly
32499 (projected onto section)
22625
c
700
ly
gp
Route 25
c
Sand and gravel, and well-sorted sand adjacent to streams, grading laterally to layered, organic-rich, fossiliferous silt and clay; associated with the Equality Formation
40 feet at the Ironwood Subdivision, Southeastern Aurora
AN
e (mostly replaced with compacted fill) after borings were sampled
elevation (ft)
24389
Grayslake Peat Decomposed wetland vegetation and sediment
Mill Creek
32838
32564 h
Pz
gp
Nelson Lake
Randall Road
Route 25
Route 31
32503
22732
22803
Kirk Road
Minooka Moraine
St. Charles Moraine
773
e
32562
22579 22578
N
26085
302
map boundary
33157 (outcrop) Mill Creek Route 31
28933
800
QUATERNARY DEPOSITS Hudson Episode (postglacial)
297
Peat and muck; including interbedded sand, silty clay, and marl; commonly associated with lake sediments of the Equality Formation
22805
Maximum thickness
32591
26792
32484
Lithostratigraphic units and interpretations
32501
32500
BNN
Materials
892
32392 32391
32563 22733
32575 32483
296 32499
32394
32574
1910
22734
891
32576
733
23243
e
Aurora North Quadrangle
32556 (outcrop)
32573 32845
22735
Sublobe boundary
Quarry Park
e 32572
h
Glaciated areas with no moraines
A
26098
e
22359
32847
102
32393
e
28873 (WW)
gp
32384
28890
32383
32711 32709
Other moraines
301
22581
32501
303
294
22816
22581 1425
731
32847 (STATEMAP boring)
33156 33157 33158
32785
West Chicago Moraine
Figure 1 Wisconsin Episode moraines in northeastern Illinois. Moraines, shown in blue and green, were formed near the terminus of glacial ice during various positions of the Lake Michigan Lobe. Glacial ice advanced in a westerly and southwesterly direction into Illinois from the Lake Michigan basin. The older moraines of this figure occur generally to the west and the younger moraines to the east. On this map, adapted from Willman and Frye (1970) and Hansel and Johnson (1996), Kane County is outlined in black, and the Aurora North Quadrangle is hachured in red.
28881
1644
e
Woodstock Moraine
28876
1757 1755
22576
1838
32507 32784 32406
Minooka Moraine
1225
22646
Pz
St. Charles Moraine
26084
c
ly
22649
31138
e
Elburn Complex
32559
366
26078 881
Bloomington System
892
27034
32558
26364
32557
B
22648
ly
1232
Marengo Moraine
32386
776
1397
22786
28880 33159 27146 27179 23239 963 23238 23232 2428 28886 23240 29933 566 310 28883 23235 24892 1155 23571 23267 23572 22880 1839 27833 23570 1154 27118 536 32710 1758
278
101
33163
26084
32384 gp
32710
26869 33011 27220
32559
e
26879 27332 28882 28879
The succession of three glacial diamicton units and associated outwash and lake sediment were eroded during postglacial flooding along the Fox River valley. In some places, the earliest postglacial streams deposited sand and gravel units up to 30 feet thick. Subsequent erosion has exposed bedrock in many places along the Fox River. Lake sediment and peat accumulated in depressions (kettles) left by melted blocks of ice and in valleys tributary to the Fox River that were temporarily blocked by
24441
28756
lb
28878
28881
101
26085
26076
32381
Cross sections showing the vertical and lateral extent of the surface and subsurface units of the Aurora North Quadrangle were constructed based on interpretations of data from (1) deep stuctural borings at the Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory (Soil Testing Services 1969, 1970; Landon and Kempton 1971; Kemmis 1978, 1981; Graese et al. 1988; Curry 1991; Paul Kesich, personal communication); (2) water-well logs done by Layne-Western, Inc. for various city agencies (Gilkeson et al. 1987, McFadden et al. 1989); (3) unpublished deep structural borings for the Settler’s Hill Landfill (Ian Wilkerson, personal communication); (4) unpublished engineering borings for bridges; and (5) shallow structural borings for several subdivisions, especially in the southeastern part of the quadrangle. In addition, records from numerous water wells on file
28758
32736 1006
26349
24902
28871
gp
e
299
32341
e
33162
30160 30164
608
Key to Moraines
26349
26684
AN
33159
727 28873
26022 30163 30161 30162
26026
h
32486
c c
c
605
24900 24899
26021
304
728
1101
31658
33166
A 32592
98
23028
26775 32377
34
33163
26529
31232
Curry, B.B., 1989, Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois: Quaternary Research, v. 31, p.1–13. Curry, B.B., 1990, Stack-unit map (to 50 ft.) of Kane County Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Open File Series 1990-2i, scale 1:62,500. Curry, B.B., 1991, Statistical evaluation of common geotechnical parameters of glacial drift units at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois: Association of Engineering Geologists 34th Annual Meeting Proceedings, Greensburg, Pennsylvania, p. 258. Curry, B.B., and M.J. Pavich,1996, Absence of glaciation in Illinois during marine isotope stages 3 through 5: Quaternary Research, v. 31, p. 19–26. Curry, B.B., D.A. Grimley, and J.A. Stravers, 1999, Quaternary geology, geomorphology, and climatic history of Kane County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Guidebook 28, 40 p. Gilkeson, R.H., S.S. McFadden, D.E. Laymon, and A.P. Visocky, 1987, Hydrogeologic evaluation of groundwater resources in buried bedrock valleys, northeastern Illinois: Proceedings of the Focus Conference on Midwestern Ground Water Issues, National Water Well Association, p. 245–267. Goddard, T.M., 1979, Soil survey of Kane County, Illinois: Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, Illinois Agricultural Experimental Station, Soil Report No. 109.
23572
31230
The first glaciers of the last (Wisconsin) episode entered the Aurora North Quadrangle about 24,500 years ago, remained in the quadrangle until about 17,500 years ago (Curry et al. 1999), and deposited three major glacial units. The youngest of these, the Yorkville Member of the Lemont Formation, is the predominant surficial deposit of the Aurora North Quadrangle and is composed mostly of gray silty clay diamicton with discontinuous lenses of sand and gravel. The Yorkville sediments form the ridge-like, north-south–trending Minooka Moraine east of the Fox River and the subdued north-south–trending St. Charles Moraine west of the Fox River (fig. 1). The older Wisconsin Episode diamicton units, the sandy Batestown Member of the Lemont Formation and the loamy Tiskilwa Formation, are present in the subsurface, but their distribution is patchy in the eastern and southern parts of the quadrangle.
References
32592 (Nelson Lake core; Sugar Grove Quad)
94
26027 894
729
e
28870 27903
1505
895
298
300
ly
1752
e
e
22512 22519
22516 22513
26639
26772
22294
ly
26019
24897 1506 22472 24896 26993 23231 1836 1754 1830 24487 1833 1881
gp
26017
Lithologic information from boring 32499 was projected onto cross section B–BN. This boring provides the only high-quality record that, along with the soils maps of Goddard (1979), indicates that the area of low relief west of the Minooka Moraine and west of the Fox River is underlain by silty clay diamicton of the Yorkville Member. The data were projected so that the surface elevation of the boring matches the elevation along the line of the section.
536
1180
h
h
23229 986 27615 23226 30570 22874 22098 22871 24894 27510 1827 1907 22358 26865 22146 27391
32554
768
22357
1504
28867
This surficial geology map is based on previous mapping (Curry 1990, Grimley 1998, Grimley and Curry 2001), on logs from numerous engineering borings and stratigraphic test borings (e.g., Landon and Kempton 1971, Kemmis 1978), and on the Kane County soil survey maps of Goddard (1979). The areal extent of surficial lake sediment (map unit e) was partly based on interpretation of color infrared aerial photography done in 1988 by the United States Geological Survey’s National Aerial Photography Program. These interpretations were verified by examining samples obtained from hand-auger test holes. The matrix texture of the Yorkville Member diamicton is very similar to surficial lake sediment; the materials were differentiated primarily on the basis of their moisture contents (12 to 24% for diamicton; 30 to 50% or greater for surficial lacustrine sediment). Alluvial deposits were mapped on the basis of their landscape position in valleys and from the soil survey (Goddard 1979). The areas mapped as surficial peat, sand and gravel, and bedrock were taken from the maps of Goddard (1979). Some of these areas, especially in the southeastern part of the quadrangle, were verified in several shallow structural borings for subdivisions. Stratigraphic nomenclature of the glacial deposits is from Hansel and Johnson (1996).
32504
93
Mapping Methods
elevation (ft)
32485 265 28611 31448
e
1179
32708
32385
ly
297
29750
28863
e
32483 302
32388
Graese, A.M., R.A. Bauer, B.B. Curry, R.C. Vaiden, W.G. Dixon Jr., and J.P. Kempton, 1988, Geological-geotechnical studies for siting the SSC in Illinois—Regional summary: Illinois State Geological Survey, Environmental Geology Notes 123, 100 p. Grimley, D.A., 1998, Surficial geology of the Sugar Grove 7.5minute Quadrangle, Kane County, Illinois: Reston, Virginia, USGS STATEMAP Program, scale 1:24,000. Grimley, D.A., and B.B. Curry, 2001, Surficial geology map, Geneva Quadrangle, Kane and Du Page Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geological Quadrangle Map, IGQ Geneva-SG, scale 1:24,000. Hansel, A.K., and W.H. Johnson, 1996, Wedron and Mason Groups: Lithostratigraphic reclassification of deposits of the Wisconsin Episode, Lake Michigan Lobe area: Illinois State Geological Survey, Bulletin 104, 116 p. Kemmis, T.J., 1978, Properties and origin of the Yorkville Till Member at the national accelerator site, northeastern Illinois: M.S. thesis, Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois, 331 p. Kemmis, T.J., 1981, Importance of the regelation process to certain properties of basal tills deposited by the Laurentide Ice Sheet in Iowa and Illinois, U.S.A., Annals of Glaciology, v. 2: Cambridge, England, International Glaciological Society, p. 147–152. Landon, R.A., and J.P. Kempton, 1971, Stratigraphy of the glacial deposits at the National Accelerator Laboratory Site, Batavia, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 456, 21 p. McFadden, S.S., C.R. Gendron, and F.A. Stanke, 1989, Shallow groundwater resources assessment for the village of Montgomery, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Contract/Grant Report 1989:1, 17 p. Soil Testing Services, Inc., 1969, 1970, Unpublished reports for the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory: Northbrook, Illinois, Soil Testing Services, Inc. Wickham, S.S., W.H. Johnson, and H.D. Glass, 1988, Regional geology of the Tiskilwa Till Member, Wedron Formation, Northeastern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 543, 35 p. Willman, H.B., and J.C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Bulletin 94, 204 p.
24834
769
The deposits from two continental glaciations, associated lakes, and meltwater streams constitute most of the surficial deposits in the Aurora North Quadrangle. The earliest Quaternary glaciers probably arrived in Kane County more than 500,000 years ago, but there are no deposits of this age preserved in the map area. In the southern part of the map, bedrock valleys are shown that contain sediment deposited during the next-to-last glaciation (Illinois Episode) from about 180,000 to 130,000 years ago. An ancient weathering horizon, the Sangamon Geosol, formed in Illinois Episode sediments from about 130,000 to 55,000 years ago (Curry 1989, Curry and Pavich 1996). Capping the layer of weathered glacial sediment or bedrock is a thin, discontinuous layer of dark brown, organic-rich sediment known as the Robein Member of the Roxana Silt. Based on radiocarbon analyses, the Roxana Silt was deposited between about 50,000 and 25,000 years ago (Wickham et al. 1988). Wood fragments, including in situ tree stumps, have been discovered in this sediment to the west of the map area in the Sugar Grove Quadrangle (Curry et al. 1999).
at the Geological Records Unit at the Illinois State Geological Survey were used to augment the detailed logs just described. Only a few outcrops were observed in the quadrangle. The largest exposure on the quadrangle is the eastern highwall of the quarry south and east of the Interstate 88–Fox River crossing. At the quarry, 25 to 30 feet of gray silty clay diamicton of the Yorkville Member overlies discontinuous, thin layers of brown loam diamicton, and coarse sand and gravel of the Batestown Member.
32491
ly
elevation (ft)
26781
outwash and other sediment. Aeolian silt and clay (loess) as much as 4 feet thick mantles most glacial sediments. The loess is generally organic-rich and has been altered by development of the modern soil. Because loess is ubiquitous, its extent was not mapped. Thin deposits of river and stream sediment (alluvium) deposited in the last 10,000 years mantle the glacial sediment and bedrock. This alluvium is not covered by loess.
elevation (ft)
ly
Quaternary Geology
e
32490
Pz
This document has been carefully reviewed and edited and meets the standards of the Illinois State Geological Survey with regard to scientific and technical quality and is suited to the purpose and the use intended by its authors. It presents reasonable interpretations of the geology of the area and is based on available data. However, the interpretations are based on data that may vary with respect to accuracy of geographic location, the type and quantity of data available at each location, and the reliability of the data sources. Consequently, the accuracy of unit boundaries and other features shown in this document varies from place to place. Variations in the texture, color, and other characteristics of unlithified glacial and nonglacial sediments can make it difficult to delineate unit boundaries, particularly those in the subsurface. Any map or cross section included in this document is not meant to be enlarged. Enlarging the scale of an existing map or cross section, by whatever means, does not increase the inherent accuracy of the information and scientific interpretations it portrays. This document provides a large-scale conceptual model of the geology of the area on which to base further work. Any map or cross section included herein is not intended for use in site-specific screening or decision-making. Use of this document does not eliminate the need for detailed studies to fully understand the geology of a specific site. The Illinois State Geological Survey, the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, and the State of Illinois make no guarantee, expressed or implied, regarding the correctness of the interpretations presented in this document and accept no liability for the consequences of decisions made by others on the basis of the information presented here.
Data Points
Lithologic symbols for borings along cross sections Silt and clay
Water wells Shallow structural borings Deep borings and outcrops with laboratory data Data are labeled with county API numbers, unique numbers that identify records of water wells and borings available at the Geological Records Unit of the Illinois State Geological Survey. The location of every data point has been field verified.
Sand and gravel Gravel and boulders Matrix-supported diamicton; matrix textures of clay, silty clay, and silty clay loam Matrix-supported diamicton; matrix textures of loam, silt loam, sandy loam, clay loam, and silty clay loam Thin layers of matrix-supported diamicton, fine sand, sand and gravel, and silt; the layers are usually less than 2 feet thick Disturbed land; variable lithology
Other symbols in cross sections Lithologic contact Estimated, queried, or approximated lithologic contact
