Sustainable designs amazonaws com
Copyright ©2012 Fairchild Books
Sustainable Design for Interior Environments, 2nd Edition Susan M. Winchip, PhD, LEED AP, MIES
All rights reserved. No part of this presentation covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means– graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems–without written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-1-60901-085-0 GST R 133004424
Part I Exploring Sustainable Design and Development
Chapter 1
Introduction to Sustainable Design and Development
Objectives
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
4
Introduction • Concepts, products, practices, and legislation related to sustainable designs • Sustainable designs in the global marketplace • International emphases on sustainable designs and net-zero energy buildings • Regulations enacted to help resolve problems associated with sustainable development: • Global warming • Depletion of nonrenewable resources • Pollution Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
5
Introduction • The interior designer must understand how to design the built environment using an integrated design process • To understand the foundation of LEED categories and credits requires an understanding of the principles of sustainable development and design
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
6
Sustainable Design: Society and the Environment
• Three interdependent components of sustainable development and design: • Society/people • The environment • Economics
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
7
The Origins of Sustainable Development
• 1987 report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), entitled “Our Common Future” • Connections between poverty, inequality between nations, and environmental degradation
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
8
U.S. Environmental History • R. Buckminster Fuller (Bucky) (1895–1983) • Victor Papanek (1927– 1999)
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
9
U.S. Environmental History • The Energy Crisis • Biomimicry and other ideas for conservation
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
10
Collaborative Partnerships: International Summits
• The United Nations (UN) Conference on the Human Environment (1972) in Stockholm, Sweden • The UN Conference on Environment and Development (1992) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, or The Earth Summit • The Kyoto Protocol (adopted in 1997)
• UN Climate Change Conference 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark • Annual Earth Hour event Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
11
Sustainable Design: Ecology and Environmental Science
• Ecology studies the interrelationships between organisms and their interaction with an environment
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
• The environment consists of biotic and abiotic elements
12
• Ecology is organized by the following Organisms, Populations, and natural systems: • Organisms Communities • Populations • Communities • Ecosystems
• The biosphere
• The focus of community ecology is studying the biodiversity of an environment – how different populations coexist within a prescribed area
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
13
Ecosystems and the Biosphere • Behavioral characteristics of species in a community and their interactions with the land, air, and water • Researchers examine ecological footprints of a country to monitor consumption rates of natural resources Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
14
Environmental Science • Specialization of ecology that focuses on the interaction of people and ecosystems • Environmental scientists study the effects of population on nonrenewable and renewable resources
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
15
Environmental Ethics and Stewardship
• Major goal of the UN global summits is to develop ethical policies and practices
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
• Concerns regarding a “land ethic” can be traced back to the work of John Muir and Aldo Leopold
16
Environmental Ethics and Stewardship
• Environmental justice defined as “the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies” (EPA, 2005) • Environmental stewardship is the management and care of our natural resources
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
17
Sustainable Design: Economics and Business Practices
• Requires an understanding of economics as well as business practices that are unique to sustainable designs, such as systems and life cycle analyses
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
18
• To reflect the true value of the Environmental environment, ecological economists and Economic developed an economic theory Global Interdependence • Natural resources are essential to the production and disposal of goods and services
• The finite nature of many materials affects productivity and the international economy
• Interdependency of the economy and limitations of natural resources reinforces the importance of sustainable development
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
19
Direct and Indirect Costs
• Some of the most significant costs are associated with pollution and waste • Conserving natural resources has a price • Environmental regulations impact the work of the designer • Cost-benefit analysis
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
20
Sustainable Design and Business Practices
• Focus on continuous improvement while developing long-term strategies
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
• Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT)
21
Systems Analysis • Systems analysis is the study of elements and the interactions among them • Systemic thinking requires analyses that examine • What an element needs to exist independently • How elements relate and affect the other elements in the system
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
22
Life Cycles and Sustainable Design
• To evaluate the degree of impact on the environment, an interior designer must have a good understanding of the processes involved with producing, using, and disposing of a product
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
23
Life Cycles and Sustainable Design
• Life cycle assessment (LCA) tool • The LCA Study • Phase 1: Goal and scope definition • Phase 2: Inventory analysis • Phase 3: Impact analysis
• Phase 4: Interpretation
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
24
• Examining the historical management Sustainable and care of our built environment Design: The Built Environment and • Preserving buildings is important for Social conserving resources and cultural Responsibilities heritages
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
25
Historical Buildings: Looking Backward to Look Forward • Techniques and materials employed in historic buildings provide excellent lessons in understanding how to preserve and specify enduring environments
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
26
Historical Buildings: Looking Backward to Look Forward • Vitruvius on sustainable design • How to create “permanent durability”
• Wisdom from the vernacular • Quality materials, structural integrity, outstanding craftsmanship, and suitability for the climatic conditions and the intended use • Maximizing daylighting Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
27
Historical Buildings: Looking Backward to Look Forward • Maximizing nature • Use of courtyards • Controlling sunlight • Buildings that successfully respond to weather conditions
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
28
Benefits of Reuse • Benefits associated with preserving
buildings are readily apparent, such as conserving resources and energy; however, there are also societal benefits connected to sustaining cultural heritages
• Uniqueness of a culture’s architectural style is most evident in historic structures
• Preservation continues an architectural legacy
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
29
Key Terms • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
abiotic biodiversity biomimicry biosphere biotic charrette communities cost-benefit analysis (CBA) cradle-to-grave daylighting ecological footprint ecology ecosystem embodied energy environment
Winchip Chapter 1
• environmental justice • environmental science • environmental stewardship • fossil fuel • global warming • greenhouse gases (GHGs) • greenwash • integrated design process (IDP) • life cycle assessment (LCA) • life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) • life cycle inventory (LCI) • net-zero energy ©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
• nonrenewable resource
• organism • ozone • populations • recycling • renewable energy • renewable resource • stakeholder • sustainable design • sustainable development • systems analysis • vernacular architecture • volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 30
Sustainable Design for Interior Environments, 2nd Edition Susan M. Winchip, PhD, LEED AP, MIES
All rights reserved. No part of this presentation covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means– graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems–without written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-1-60901-085-0 GST R 133004424
Part I Exploring Sustainable Design and Development
Chapter 1
Introduction to Sustainable Design and Development
Objectives
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
4
Introduction • Concepts, products, practices, and legislation related to sustainable designs • Sustainable designs in the global marketplace • International emphases on sustainable designs and net-zero energy buildings • Regulations enacted to help resolve problems associated with sustainable development: • Global warming • Depletion of nonrenewable resources • Pollution Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
5
Introduction • The interior designer must understand how to design the built environment using an integrated design process • To understand the foundation of LEED categories and credits requires an understanding of the principles of sustainable development and design
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
6
Sustainable Design: Society and the Environment
• Three interdependent components of sustainable development and design: • Society/people • The environment • Economics
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
7
The Origins of Sustainable Development
• 1987 report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), entitled “Our Common Future” • Connections between poverty, inequality between nations, and environmental degradation
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
8
U.S. Environmental History • R. Buckminster Fuller (Bucky) (1895–1983) • Victor Papanek (1927– 1999)
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
9
U.S. Environmental History • The Energy Crisis • Biomimicry and other ideas for conservation
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
10
Collaborative Partnerships: International Summits
• The United Nations (UN) Conference on the Human Environment (1972) in Stockholm, Sweden • The UN Conference on Environment and Development (1992) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, or The Earth Summit • The Kyoto Protocol (adopted in 1997)
• UN Climate Change Conference 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark • Annual Earth Hour event Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
11
Sustainable Design: Ecology and Environmental Science
• Ecology studies the interrelationships between organisms and their interaction with an environment
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
• The environment consists of biotic and abiotic elements
12
• Ecology is organized by the following Organisms, Populations, and natural systems: • Organisms Communities • Populations • Communities • Ecosystems
• The biosphere
• The focus of community ecology is studying the biodiversity of an environment – how different populations coexist within a prescribed area
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
13
Ecosystems and the Biosphere • Behavioral characteristics of species in a community and their interactions with the land, air, and water • Researchers examine ecological footprints of a country to monitor consumption rates of natural resources Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
14
Environmental Science • Specialization of ecology that focuses on the interaction of people and ecosystems • Environmental scientists study the effects of population on nonrenewable and renewable resources
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
15
Environmental Ethics and Stewardship
• Major goal of the UN global summits is to develop ethical policies and practices
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
• Concerns regarding a “land ethic” can be traced back to the work of John Muir and Aldo Leopold
16
Environmental Ethics and Stewardship
• Environmental justice defined as “the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies” (EPA, 2005) • Environmental stewardship is the management and care of our natural resources
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
17
Sustainable Design: Economics and Business Practices
• Requires an understanding of economics as well as business practices that are unique to sustainable designs, such as systems and life cycle analyses
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
18
• To reflect the true value of the Environmental environment, ecological economists and Economic developed an economic theory Global Interdependence • Natural resources are essential to the production and disposal of goods and services
• The finite nature of many materials affects productivity and the international economy
• Interdependency of the economy and limitations of natural resources reinforces the importance of sustainable development
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
19
Direct and Indirect Costs
• Some of the most significant costs are associated with pollution and waste • Conserving natural resources has a price • Environmental regulations impact the work of the designer • Cost-benefit analysis
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
20
Sustainable Design and Business Practices
• Focus on continuous improvement while developing long-term strategies
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
• Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT)
21
Systems Analysis • Systems analysis is the study of elements and the interactions among them • Systemic thinking requires analyses that examine • What an element needs to exist independently • How elements relate and affect the other elements in the system
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
22
Life Cycles and Sustainable Design
• To evaluate the degree of impact on the environment, an interior designer must have a good understanding of the processes involved with producing, using, and disposing of a product
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
23
Life Cycles and Sustainable Design
• Life cycle assessment (LCA) tool • The LCA Study • Phase 1: Goal and scope definition • Phase 2: Inventory analysis • Phase 3: Impact analysis
• Phase 4: Interpretation
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
24
• Examining the historical management Sustainable and care of our built environment Design: The Built Environment and • Preserving buildings is important for Social conserving resources and cultural Responsibilities heritages
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
25
Historical Buildings: Looking Backward to Look Forward • Techniques and materials employed in historic buildings provide excellent lessons in understanding how to preserve and specify enduring environments
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
26
Historical Buildings: Looking Backward to Look Forward • Vitruvius on sustainable design • How to create “permanent durability”
• Wisdom from the vernacular • Quality materials, structural integrity, outstanding craftsmanship, and suitability for the climatic conditions and the intended use • Maximizing daylighting Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
27
Historical Buildings: Looking Backward to Look Forward • Maximizing nature • Use of courtyards • Controlling sunlight • Buildings that successfully respond to weather conditions
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
28
Benefits of Reuse • Benefits associated with preserving
buildings are readily apparent, such as conserving resources and energy; however, there are also societal benefits connected to sustaining cultural heritages
• Uniqueness of a culture’s architectural style is most evident in historic structures
• Preservation continues an architectural legacy
Winchip Chapter 1
©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
29
Key Terms • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
abiotic biodiversity biomimicry biosphere biotic charrette communities cost-benefit analysis (CBA) cradle-to-grave daylighting ecological footprint ecology ecosystem embodied energy environment
Winchip Chapter 1
• environmental justice • environmental science • environmental stewardship • fossil fuel • global warming • greenhouse gases (GHGs) • greenwash • integrated design process (IDP) • life cycle assessment (LCA) • life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) • life cycle inventory (LCI) • net-zero energy ©2012 Fairchild Books, A Division of Condé Nast
• nonrenewable resource
• organism • ozone • populations • recycling • renewable energy • renewable resource • stakeholder • sustainable design • sustainable development • systems analysis • vernacular architecture • volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 30
