Sustainable Mobility
Using key performance indicators and multi-criteria decision analysis to compare the sustainability of mobility Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Fakultät für Informatik, Wirtschafts- und Rechtswissenschaften Abteilung Wirtschaftsinformatik I Very Large Business Applications Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118 26129 Oldenburg Tel. (0441) 798-4493 [email protected] www.wi-ol.de
ITEE 2013 Lüneburg, 11.07.2013
Agenda
• Motivation • Problem definition • Objectives • Sustainable Mobility • KPI for measuring sustainability of vehicles • Comparison of vehicles • Conclusion and Outlook
© Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-2-
Motivation
• The ecological dimension of sustainability in the meaning of consumption of natural resources and pollution is one important topic of our times • 35% of energy consumption in EU is used for transportation of goods and persons, 71% in road traffic (EEA 2010) • 26% of worldwide CO2 emissions are produced by combustion of fuel for transportation (EEA 2010) • The modal split in Germany in 2007 still includes 75% individual motorized travel (Fraunhofer/PwC 2012) © Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-3-
Problem definition
• Information base to choose a mode of transport according sustainability issues for travellers is very poor (Dangschat 2011) • Sustainable Mobility has different dimensions • Huge difference between different means of transport
• No static ranking for vehicles is possible
© Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-4-
Objectives
• Identifying measurable key performance indicators for sustainable mobility • Identifying additional factors influencing sustainability depending on conditions of use • Identifying a suitable method to find the most sustainable option for a specific travel route
© Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-5-
Sustainable Mobility
“Sustainable Mobility is the ability to meet society’s need to move freely, gain access, communicate, trade and establish relationships without sacrificing other essential human or ecological values, today or in the future.” (Dangschat 2011) • Three pillars of sustainability • Emphasis on the ecological dimension (Dalkmann et al. 2004) • trade-off between sustainable development and society needs • Strategy of sufficiency vs. strategy of efficiency
© Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-6-
Considered Key performance indicators
• Consumption of resources • Air pollutants – – – –
Greenhouse effect Particulates Nitrogen oxides Summer smog (ozone)
• Noise pollution • Human toxicity • Land consumption
© Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-7-
Considered means of transportation
Vehicle
Energy type
Final energy consumption
Car
Otto
6-15 l/100 km
5
460-1140
Car
Diesel
3,5-11l/100 km
5
280-890
Bus
Diesel
40 l/100 km
66
244
Diesel
55 l/100 km
102
217
Natural gas
49,7m³/100 km
66
327
Natural Gas
68,3 m³/100 km
102
291
Tram
Electricity
28 Wh/seat-km
n.a.
309
PEV
Electricity
40 Wh/seat-km
2-4
340
Articulated Bus Bus Articulated Bus
Number of seats
Primary energy (kj/seat-km)
(Lambrecht et al. 2001) © Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-8-
Ranking of the Alternatives with Promethee
Alternatives / Criteria
Car (Otto) 5 Seats
Car (Diesel) 5 seats
Bus (Diesel) 75 seats
700kj / person-km
620kJ / person-km
3150kJ / person-km
…
…
…
55g / person-km
48g / person-km
270g / person-km
Flow
Car (Otto)
Car (Diesel)
Bus (Diesel)
F+
0.5
0.75
0
F-
0.25
0
1
F
0.25
0.75
-1
Consumption of resources
… Greenhouse effect (CO2equivalents)
© Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-9-
Conclusion and Outlook
• A method for a relative sustainability ranking of modes of transportation based on KPI and MCDA was presented
• Software systems can use this method • The ranking can be extended by other dimensions such as costs and comfort • The method will be used within the project „Schaufenster für Elektromobilität Nds.“ for a multi-modal route planning system © Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
- 10 -
References • • •
•
•
•
Dalkmann H, Schäfer-Sparenberg C, Herbertz R (2004). Eventkultur und nachhaltige Mobilität - Widerspruch oder Potential? Wuppertal: Wuppertal Papers Institut. Dangschat J, Segert A (01. 02 2011). Nachhaltige Alltagsmobilität – soziale Ungleichheiten und Milieus. Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, S. 55-73. EEA Energy Environment Agency (2011). Transport final energy consumption by mode. Retrieved April 2011 auf http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/transportfinal-energy-consumption-by-mode/assessment. EPPOMM European Plattform on Mobility Management (2007). Mobility Management: a Definition – The Definition of Mobility Management and the Categorisation of Mobility Management Measures as approved by the MAX-consortium and EPOMM. Retrieved March 2012 from http://www.epomm.eu/docs/mmtools/MMDefinition/MMDefinition _english.doc. Fraunhofer ; PwC (2012). Elektromobilität. Normen bringen die Zukunft in Fahrt. Retrieved Oct 2012 from http://www.pwc.com/en_GX/gx/psrc/assets/electromobilitystandards-full.pdf. Version: Januar 2012. Lambrecht, U, Diaz-Bone, H, & Höpfner, U (2001). Bus, Bahn und Pkw auf dem Umweltprüfstand. Heidelberg: iFeu Heidelberg.
© Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
- 11 -
Discussion
Thank you very much for your attention! © Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
- 12 -
ITEE 2013 Lüneburg, 11.07.2013
Agenda
• Motivation • Problem definition • Objectives • Sustainable Mobility • KPI for measuring sustainability of vehicles • Comparison of vehicles • Conclusion and Outlook
© Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-2-
Motivation
• The ecological dimension of sustainability in the meaning of consumption of natural resources and pollution is one important topic of our times • 35% of energy consumption in EU is used for transportation of goods and persons, 71% in road traffic (EEA 2010) • 26% of worldwide CO2 emissions are produced by combustion of fuel for transportation (EEA 2010) • The modal split in Germany in 2007 still includes 75% individual motorized travel (Fraunhofer/PwC 2012) © Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-3-
Problem definition
• Information base to choose a mode of transport according sustainability issues for travellers is very poor (Dangschat 2011) • Sustainable Mobility has different dimensions • Huge difference between different means of transport
• No static ranking for vehicles is possible
© Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-4-
Objectives
• Identifying measurable key performance indicators for sustainable mobility • Identifying additional factors influencing sustainability depending on conditions of use • Identifying a suitable method to find the most sustainable option for a specific travel route
© Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-5-
Sustainable Mobility
“Sustainable Mobility is the ability to meet society’s need to move freely, gain access, communicate, trade and establish relationships without sacrificing other essential human or ecological values, today or in the future.” (Dangschat 2011) • Three pillars of sustainability • Emphasis on the ecological dimension (Dalkmann et al. 2004) • trade-off between sustainable development and society needs • Strategy of sufficiency vs. strategy of efficiency
© Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-6-
Considered Key performance indicators
• Consumption of resources • Air pollutants – – – –
Greenhouse effect Particulates Nitrogen oxides Summer smog (ozone)
• Noise pollution • Human toxicity • Land consumption
© Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-7-
Considered means of transportation
Vehicle
Energy type
Final energy consumption
Car
Otto
6-15 l/100 km
5
460-1140
Car
Diesel
3,5-11l/100 km
5
280-890
Bus
Diesel
40 l/100 km
66
244
Diesel
55 l/100 km
102
217
Natural gas
49,7m³/100 km
66
327
Natural Gas
68,3 m³/100 km
102
291
Tram
Electricity
28 Wh/seat-km
n.a.
309
PEV
Electricity
40 Wh/seat-km
2-4
340
Articulated Bus Bus Articulated Bus
Number of seats
Primary energy (kj/seat-km)
(Lambrecht et al. 2001) © Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-8-
Ranking of the Alternatives with Promethee
Alternatives / Criteria
Car (Otto) 5 Seats
Car (Diesel) 5 seats
Bus (Diesel) 75 seats
700kj / person-km
620kJ / person-km
3150kJ / person-km
…
…
…
55g / person-km
48g / person-km
270g / person-km
Flow
Car (Otto)
Car (Diesel)
Bus (Diesel)
F+
0.5
0.75
0
F-
0.25
0
1
F
0.25
0.75
-1
Consumption of resources
… Greenhouse effect (CO2equivalents)
© Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
-9-
Conclusion and Outlook
• A method for a relative sustainability ranking of modes of transportation based on KPI and MCDA was presented
• Software systems can use this method • The ranking can be extended by other dimensions such as costs and comfort • The method will be used within the project „Schaufenster für Elektromobilität Nds.“ for a multi-modal route planning system © Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
- 10 -
References • • •
•
•
•
Dalkmann H, Schäfer-Sparenberg C, Herbertz R (2004). Eventkultur und nachhaltige Mobilität - Widerspruch oder Potential? Wuppertal: Wuppertal Papers Institut. Dangschat J, Segert A (01. 02 2011). Nachhaltige Alltagsmobilität – soziale Ungleichheiten und Milieus. Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, S. 55-73. EEA Energy Environment Agency (2011). Transport final energy consumption by mode. Retrieved April 2011 auf http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/transportfinal-energy-consumption-by-mode/assessment. EPPOMM European Plattform on Mobility Management (2007). Mobility Management: a Definition – The Definition of Mobility Management and the Categorisation of Mobility Management Measures as approved by the MAX-consortium and EPOMM. Retrieved March 2012 from http://www.epomm.eu/docs/mmtools/MMDefinition/MMDefinition _english.doc. Fraunhofer ; PwC (2012). Elektromobilität. Normen bringen die Zukunft in Fahrt. Retrieved Oct 2012 from http://www.pwc.com/en_GX/gx/psrc/assets/electromobilitystandards-full.pdf. Version: Januar 2012. Lambrecht, U, Diaz-Bone, H, & Höpfner, U (2001). Bus, Bahn und Pkw auf dem Umweltprüfstand. Heidelberg: iFeu Heidelberg.
© Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
- 11 -
Discussion
Thank you very much for your attention! © Benjamin Wagner vom Berg, Abt. Wirtschaftsinformatik I - Very Large Business Applications, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
- 12 -
