Tectonic plates
Types of tectonic plate boundaries • Convergent plate boundary • How are mountains formed? • Divergent plate boundary • Transform fault
Volcano’s and Tsumanis play key roles in the earth’s formation
Parent material (rock)
Biological weathering (tree roots and lichens)
Chemical weathering (water, acids, and gases)
Physical weathering (wind, rain, thermal expansion and contraction, water freezing)
Particles of parent material
Stepped Art Fig. 14-6, p. 348
Pot holes
subsidence
14-2 How Are the Earth’s Rocks Recycled? Concept 14-2 The three major types of rocks found in the earth’s crust—sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic—are recycled very slowly by the process of erosion, melting, and metamorphism.
There Are Three Major Types of Rocks (1) Earth’s crust • Composed of minerals and rocks
Three broad classes of rocks, based on formation 1. Sedimentary defined • • • • • •
Sandstone Shale Dolomite Limestone Lignite Bituminous coal
There Are Three Major Types of Rocks (2) 2. Igneous • Granite • Lava rock
3. Metamorphic • Anthracite • Slate • Marble
The Earth’s Rocks Are Recycled Very Slowly Rock cycle Slowest of the earth’s cyclic processes
Erosion Transportation
Weathering Deposition
Igneous rock Granite, pumice, basalt
Sedimentary rock Sandstone, limestone Heat, pressure
Cooling Heat, pressure, stress
Magma (molten rock)
Melting
Metamorphic rock Slate, marble, gneiss, quartzite Fig. 14-13, p. 354
HOMEWORK DUE WEDNESDAY • Using the map provided in class, map the plate boundaries if the world. PAGE 338 in the book will be a good aid. Please use a different color to indicate each plate.
HOMEWORK THURSDAY • For a 24 hour period, collect any throw away items. That is items that you would normally trash or recycle. YOU DO NOT HAVE TO COLLECT FOOD SCRAPS.
QUICK REVIEW • A. Asbestos B. Radon C. Lead • D. Carbon monoxide E. Formaldehyde 1. Found in old plumbing pipes and fixtures and some ceramic glasses 2. Fibers of this may cause lung disease 3. Emitted from manufactured building materials and furniture 4. Odorless gas that is a natural decay of uranium
Quick review • 5. Which of the following natural events would be most likely to contribute to the cooling of the Earth’s atmosphere • A. Earthquake B. Volcanism C. Hurricane D. Tsunami E. Monsoon
Quick Review • 6. Ground level ozone in most major United States cities results primarily from • A. Burning coal • B. Burning fuel for cooking • C. Producing electric power • D. Industrial emissions • E. Motor vehicle exhaust
Quick review • 7. Most municipal solid waste in the United States is disposed of in • A. The oceans • B. Sanitary landfills • C. Deep wells • D. Ocean dumps • E. Abandoned mines
Animation: Greenhouse effect
Fig. 19-E (2), p. 526
Montreal Protocol Copenhagen amendment • CFC’s known by their trade name Freon. • Coolants in air conditioners and refrigerators • Propellants in aerosol cans • Rowland and Molina Nobel price in chemistry.
Governments Can Enter into International Climate Negotiations: The Kyoto Protocol • 1997: Treaty to slow climate change • The Kyoto Protocol – Reduce emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O by 2012 to levels of 1990 – Trading greenhouse gas emissions among countries – Not signed by the U.S
•Major climate models project all of the following, except 1.a 2- to 4.5-degree centigrade rise in earth's mean surface temperature by 2100 2.human responsibility for the changes in temperature 3.the falling of global sea levels 4.global warming occurring at a rapid rate 5.human activities playing a greater role in this century
•Prevention approaches to global warming include all of the following, except 1.Increase beef production to strengthen public health. 2.Reduce deforestation. 3.Switch to sustainable agriculture. 4.Slow population growth. 5.Improve energy efficiency.
•Which of the following companies, founded by Sam Walton, ordered the manufacturers of its truck fleet to double the gas mileage by 2015? 1.Alcoa 2.Walmart 3.DuPont 4.General Electric 5.British Petroleum
•The effects of ozone depletion on humans includes all of the following, except 1.more cataracts 2.suppression of immune system 3.more brain cancers 4.worse sunburn 5.more skin cancers
•Waste that includes paper, food wastes, cans, bottles, yard waste, glass, wood, and similar items is called 1.industrial solid waste 2.hazardous waste 3.municipal solid waste 4.toxic solid waste 5.ewaste
14-3 What Are Mineral Resources, and what are their Environmental Effects? Concept 14-3A Some naturally occurring materials in the earth’s crust can be extracted and made into useful products in processes that provide economic benefits and jobs. Concept 14-3B Extracting and using mineral resources can disturb the land, erode soils, produce large amounts of solid waste, and pollute the air, water, and soil.
We Use a Variety of Nonrenewable Mineral Resources Mineral resource • Fossil fuels • Metallic minerals • Nonmetallic minerals
Ore • High-grade ore • Low-grade ore
Importance and examples of nonrenewable metal and nonmetal mineral resources
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